ANIMALS. 149 
Bolland, often identified with Zerebratula hastata, are in no respect different from the 
ordinary form of the present species. Certain varieties of Epithyris elongata have much 
the aspect of the Muschelkalk Zerebratula angusta,’ Schi., found in the Mine de Frédéric a 
Tarnowitz, in Silesia ; but no specimens have occurred to me with “ un sillon étroit’” on 
the ventral or small valve, which the latter is said to possess.” 
The punctures of Epithyris elongata, highly magnified in Pl. VI, fig. 44, are much 
smaller than in many Terebratulidias, for example, Waldheimia, etc.: they give a 
finely granulated surface to the shell when examined by a Stanhope lens; and in some 
places they display a strong tendency to fall into a linear arrangement. 
The loop occupies the posterior third of the shell, andis folded back on itself to a 
distance equalling half its length.° 
The ayerage size of this species is about three quarters of an inch long and nearly 
five eighths wide; but occasionally specimens occur fully double this size. 
Epithyris elongata is a very common fossil at Tunstall Hill, Humbleton Quarry, 
Dalton-le-Dale, Ryhope Field-House Farm, in Shell-limestone. It is of much rarer 
occurrence in the contemporaneous rock at Hylton North-Farm, Castle-Eden-Dene, 
and at the north end of Black-Hall Rocks; also in the Breccia at Tynemouth. It is 
suspected to have been found at Ferry Bridge by Professor Phillips; and I have little 
doubt of its occurring in the Mountain Limestone of Bolland. Von Buch states it to 
be found at Meiningen and Schmerbach; and Dr. Geinitz records its occurrence in 
the under Zechstein and Zechstein-dolomite of Corbusen, and a number of other 
German localities. De Verneuil states that “in Russia this species is only found in the 
Permian system, in which it is very abundant’ (Geol. Russ., vol. 11, pp. 67, 68): it occurs 
at Nikefur, Santagulova, Orenbourg, Jemangulova, Mount Tchelpan, Itschalki, and 
at the*embouchure of tho Sakmara. Count Keyserling has discovered it “in the 
Permian Limestone on the Wytschegda near Ustnem and Myldina” (vide Reise in das 
Petschora-Land, 1m Jahre 1843, p. 238). 
EPITHYRIS SUFFLATA, Schlotheim. Plate VII, figs.-1 to 9. 
TEREBRATULITES SUFFLATUS, Schl. Akad. Miinch., vol. vi, p. 27, pl. vii, figs. 10, 11, 1816. 
—— — » Petrefactenkunde, p. 277, 1820. 
— — » Boué, Edin. Phil. Journal, vol. xii, p. 144, 1825. 
(?) — INFLATA » Brong., Tab. de Terr., p. 425, 1829. 
1 Vide Von Buch, Ueber Terebrateln. 
2 The so-called Terebratula elongata, represented in Count Miinster’s Beitrage, Heft iv, pl. vi, fig. 14, 
and found in the (?) Triassic marls of St. Kassian, appears to be another species: its beak is too much 
produced compared with the Permian fossils. 
® The sketch of the loop in Plate VI, fig. 45, does not represent this structure so faithfully as could be 
wished : it is rather too wide in front, and the recurved portion ought to have been carried a little further 
back. 
