As far as is at present known, all three 
species of Ephippodonta are confined to South 
Australian waters. 
EPHIPPODONTA turnbullae sp. nov. 
Shell small , equivalve , almost equilateral , 
oval in outline , yellowish- white, flat. 
Umbos prominent and smooth. The median 
areas of the valves are crowded with papules , 
which are arranged in irregular rays. As these 
approach the ventral margin they increase by 
bifurcation to about 46 at the margin. 
Ventral margin entire; dorsal margin a 
straight line , valves rounded at the ends of the 
dorsal line. 
Dimensions: Length , 10 mm. Umbo-ventral 
radius , 4.5 mm. 
Localities: Type , Long Beach, five miles 
north of Stansbury, York Peninsula, South 
Australia; also Corny Point. 
Remarks: The general characteristics of this 
species leave no doubt of its generic position. 
It varies from E. lunata Tate by the presence 
of papules. From E. macdougalli Tate it 
varies in the following respects : Entire ventral 
margin, prominent umbos, the rays which in- 
crease by bifurcation rather than by inter- 
calation, papules closer together and not 
placed on ribs, oval instead of circular out- 
line . The type specimen illustrated here is 
being placed in the South Australian Museum. 
Some observations on the Fauna associated with the 
CONIFEROUS FORESTS 
of the South-East (S.A.) 
by C. Ii. PAWSEY, Dip. For. 
INTRODUCTION 
The relationships between the quite extensive 
coniferous forests established during the past 
forty years and the fauna of the region — par- 
ticularly the bird life — are still in the process 
of developing, it is early yet to foretell just 
what the ultimate associations will be. These 
planted forests, so entirely different from the 
native “bush”, already total well over 100,000 
acres in the Lower South East, and will con- 
tinue to extend considerably. 
The casual observations on which this note 
is based have been made chiefly on only one 
of the several units composing that area, 
namely, Mount Burr Forest Reserve, but here 
there are both the oldest stands of any extent 
and the greatest area of woods approaching 
the managed state to which the animal and 
bird life must finally be adjusted for survival. 
The plantations here range up to over 40 
years in age, with many regenerated areas, in 
the second rotation. 
For the most part the native fauna has had 
to recede before this wholesale afforestation 
with softwoods. And this is not to be wondered 
at in view of the contrast that exists between 
the original and the substituted forest. 
The native dry-sclerophyl 1 forest was semi- 
open with many and various under-storey 
shrubs and herbs contributing to provide the 
food supply for a balanced population of in- 
sects, reptiles, birds and animals. On the 
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