-130- 
Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Stations cooperated in the distribution 
of the colonies in their respective States. ITo colonies were distributed 
in Maryland in 1940, but 2,500 females (the equivalent of 25 colonies) 
were collected for the use of authorities of the University of Maryland 
for use in mass roaring of the species. Table 4 gives a complete summary 
of all liberations to date, including those of 1940, 
Tiphia popilliavora, the summer Tiphia . — This parasite from Japan 
was first released in 1921. Although it has been extensively colonized 
throughout the heavily infested area, it has never reached the degree 
of abundance manifest with the preceding species. It is active from mid- 
August to about the first week in September. Frequently the parasite 
suffers reduction through the lack of sufficiently developed host larvae 
at the tine of egg laying. When most of the eggs are laid on second-stage 
host grubs the developing parasites .are predominantly males, the normal 
sen ratio occurring only when most of the eggs are laid on third- stage 
host grubs. There are now 709 colonies of this species distributed in 7 
States. Because of unfavorable conditions for the collection of this 
species which have obtained for the la.st 3 years, no colonization of this 
species was carried on in 1940. Table 5 gives the present distribution of 
this species. 
Tiphia popilliavora ( Korean strain ). — This racial form of the species 
is from" Oho sen (Korea) . It has received more attention in recent years be- 
cause. of. its later emergence, being present in the field from late in- 
August to mid-September. The later emergence of this strain has an ad- 
vnntcoge in that it is better synchronized with the proper stage of its 
host, overcoming in pant the difficulties met with in the type ©r Japan- 
ese strain. After a number of years in the field it has been found to 
retain the habit of late emergence. There have been 37 colonies of this 
species released to date and checking in 1940 indicates that at least 40 
percent of these releasements have become established. Table 6 shows the 
distribution of this form. 
Tiphia popilliavora (Chinese strain) . — In an effort to obtain better 
synchronization ' -With- host-,- a later emerging Chinese race or strain of T_. 
popilliavora was introduced between 1927 and 1929 » 22 colonies comprising 
4,130 individuals being released in ITew Jersey and Pennsylvania. Only 1 
feeble establishment was noted in 1929 and again in 1930. The species 
ha.s not since been recovered. 
Centeter cinerea . — This parasite originated in Japan, where it is an 
important parasite of the adult Japanese beetle. The species has become 
established in the Eastern States, and in Pennsylvania and Kew Jersey is 
found continuously distributed over approximately 500 square miles. With- 
in this area, it ha.s not assumed importance in controlling the beetle be- 
cause it is not well synchronized with its host, by far the greater num- 
ber of parasites emerging about 2 weeks too early. The habit of early 
emergence seems to occur even in the most northern and southern limits of 
distribution. Centeter has been colonized with 25 colonies in 5 States and 
the District of Columbia,. Table 7 shows the present distribution of this 
parasite. 
