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trend of population in 1938 showed an increase over 1937 . although the average 
population in some counties at the western end of Lake Erie showed little change, 
with some decreases noted in southeastern Michigan* The average "borer popula- 
tion in the surveyed sections of Michigan and Ohio (including principally the 
older infested counties of these States), following a uniform annual increase, 
since 193U, reached the highest level recorded for this section to date. Simila.r 
conditions occurred in Indiana where, while the general "borer level is low com- 
pared with older infested areas, populations were higher than found in any 
previous survey., -Of particular significance in the Lake States was the occurrence 
of. an infestation tjhat averaged -1J borers per plant in early market sweet corn 
in the Toledo* Ohio, truck district, an increase in the occurrence of a second 
generation, and light infestations in crops other than corn including potatoes, 
peppers, and dahlias. In the Eastern .States in 1938* populations of the corn 
borer continued at a .high level in Connecticut, .averaging 10 borers per plant in 
Hartford and Hew Haven Counties, and a rapid rise in infestation by the second 
generation of the bo.rer in central Hew Jersey resulted in some of the highest 
populations in field corn yet observed in the United States. The population in 
Monmouth, Middlesex, and Mercer Counties , H, J. , averaged over 7 borers per 
plant,, with 57 percent of the fields surveyed averaging over 5 borers per plant; 
21 percent averaging more than 10 borers per plant; and U percent averaging over 
25 borers per plant. Infestation decreased sharply on the Eastern Shore of 
Virginia .and no significant change was observed in the status of the insect in 
southern Delaware and the Wicomico-Worcester Countv section of Maryland. 
Populations in early market sweet corn in the Hew Haven, Conn., district averaged 
9 borers per plant, while heavy infestation was not yet apparent in the extra 
early "Beverly” truck crop district in Hew Jersey. Increased infestations over 
1937. ^7 the first-generation borer, occurred in white' potatoes in central 
Connecticut and west-central Massachusetts, with a decrease of the insect's 
abundance being observed in this crop on eastern Long Island, H. Y. Severe in- 
festations in dahlias occurred throughout Hew England and southward along the 
Atlantic coast, including the lower Hudson River Valley, to central Hew Jersey. 
Favorable weather prevailed in the Lake States in 1938, with adequate and well- 
distributed moisture in the field during the critical stages of the insect's de- 
velopment. In central Hew Jersey meteorological factors were advantageous to the 
second— generation borer and seasonal conditions in Hew England were generally 
favorable. The occurrence of fields and a hurricane in the latter region, how- 
ever, made necessary the abandonment of the fall survey in Massachusetts, although 
observations indicate that the storm had no direct effects on prevailing borer 
populations. Extremes of drought and excessive precipitation during oviposit ion 
periods of the borer contributed to the low populations in Delaware, Maryland, and 
Virginia. (W. A. Baker, Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, U. S. D. A.) 
HESSIAH ELY 
At harvest tine the surveys of wheat stubble, made by the Bureau of 
Entomology and Plant Quarantine field stations and cooperating State agencies, 
indicated that hessian, fly populations were from low to moderate in Hebraska, 
Kansas, Oklahoma, Missouri, Illinois, the southern half of Indiana, central Ohio, 
Kentucky, Tennessee, western and south-central Pennsylvania, Maryland, Delaware, 
and Virginia, However, there were menacing populations of flies in local fields 
and areas in most of these States or districts. Marked increases of fly occurred 
throughout the northern half of Indiana and the northwestern counties of Ohio. 
