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the hugs present in threatening numbers from central Ohio across Indiana, 
Illinois, southern Iowa, end Missouri to eastern Kansas, eastern Nebraska, 
and northeastern Oklahoma. Although considerable winter mortality was report- 
ed from many sections of the area, it wa,s not sufficient to materially reduce 
the potential threat of infestation. A cold spring delayed emergence of the 
overwintering adults and heavy rains during the development of the first-brooc 
nymphs reduced the threatening heavy general infestation to moderate spotted 
outbreaks, especially over the eastern part of the area. Ohio reported prac- 
tically no crop damage. West of the Mississippi River damage was more general 
and serious over most of the infested area* Slight local damage by the first 
brood was also reported from Pennsylvania,, Tennessee, and Arkansas. Over most 
of the infested area drought in the fall favored the development of the nymphs 
of the later broods and the subsequent migration of adults to winter quarters. 
(Philip Luginbill and Curtis Benton, Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine 
u. S. D. A.) 
Results of the survey to determine the extent and intensity of chinch bug 
infestations in the States of Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, 
Nebraska, Oklahoma, and South Dakota, conducted during November 1940, indicate 
that the infestations will, in general, probably be lighter than those of 193 ? 
Centers of infestation have apparently moved to the north and west, where 
winter mortality will probably be heavy. In Iowa and Missouri, the inf es tac- 
tions appear to be lighter and more scattered, while those in Kansas, Oklahoma 
and Nebraska are expected to be heavier and more widespread. The situation in 
Indiana and Illinois apparently has not changed appreciably over that of the 
previous yean. The survey this fall was extended to several counties in south- 
eastern South Dakota, where moderate infestations involving all or parts of 
five counties were found .(3. M. Gaddis, Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quaran- 
tine, U. S. D. A.) 
HESSIAN FLY 
At harvest tine the surveys of wheat stubble indicated that hessian fly 
infestations were low in wheatfields throughout Maryland, Delaware, north- 
eastern and southern Virginia, south-central Pennsylvania, north-central North. 
Carolina, Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, southern Illinois, west-central Tennessee, 
and northern and southeastern Missouri. Infestations ranged from low to moder 
ate in north-central Pennsylvania, northwestern Virginia, Kentucky, eastern 
Tennessee, eastern Illinois, and in south-central and eastern Kansas. Infesta- 
tions were low to heavy in southeastern Nebraska. From moderate to heavy in- 
festations of the hessian fly occurred in eastern and vie stern Pennsylvania and 
in southwestern Missouri. The infestations of hessian fly were generally low 
or lacking in fall-sown wheat throughout the Eastern and Central States in 
1940. Dry weather existed at the time of the regular emergence of the fly 
and at the time of wheat seeding and there was low or no larval establishment 
in volunteer and regularly sown wheat. Hence, the outlook is favorable for a 
light brood of hessian fig in the spring of 1941 in the States east of the 
Mississippi River, In the winter -wheat-growing areas from Iowa to Kansas, the 
populations increased during the fall of 1940. The weather conditions were 
favorable for an early emergence of the fly and for infestations to volunteer 
wheat. In Iowa there was considerable rain during the summer and early part o; 
