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no marine grass 'for "breeding, coincided with, the emergence of outbreak numbers 
from peanut litter in fields of western Florida, southern Alabama, and south- 
western Georgia. The emergence of December was followed by some cold weather 
which held the flies in check. The very strong circumstantial evidence of 
flight of flies from peanut fields to the beaches during December suggests 
that dog flies are capable of flying much farther than anticipated. It adds 
credence to reports of fishermen that dog flies appear as far as 75 to 100 
miles off 'shore in sufficient numbers to annoy persons engaged in deep-sea 
fishing. (W. E. Dove, Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, U. S. D. A.) 
H0R1T ELIES 
The abundance of horn flies on cattle in the Dallas-Eort Worth, Tex., are- 
during 19^0 was below the average for the last 4 years. This reduction in 
horn fly populations was due, primarily, to the prolonged drought last summer. 
Infestations of 3*500 to 4,000 flies per head were commonly observed on ca.ttle 
in the previous 3 years, but in 1940 infestations seldom exceeded 3*000 flies 
per head. Horn flies were abundant on cattle in Jefferson County, Okla., in 
1940. Ho data are available with which to compare this year’s infestations 
with those of previous years; however, the county agent reports that horn flies 
were much more numerous and pestiferous in 1940 than for several years. Cli* 
matic conditions in Jefferson County were favorable for horn fly development 
because of the unusually frequent rains during the summer, which provided about 
27 inches of moisture in 4 months. Horn fly infestations on cattle in the 
vicinity of Waurika, Okla., were estimated at 1,200 to 2,000 per head. In 
general, it nay be stated that horn flies are usually abundant on cattle in 
the area from Dallas, Tex., west to Cresson, Tex., and north to Waurika, Okla. 
This area of horn fly abundance is, undoubtedly, more extensive and its limits 
have not been determined. (E. W. Laake , Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quaran- 
tine, U. S. D. A.) 
COMMOW CATTLE C-RUB 
In the vicinity of Dallas, Tex., cattle grubs were more abundant* especi- 
ally in dairy animals, during the 1940 season than during 1939* The number 
per animal in mid-December ranged from none to 50 , with some cows in prac- 
tically every herd having at least 20 grubs ea,ch. In northwestern Texas, 
where cattle grubs are always abundant, the population this year is approxi- 
mately normal. The heaviest infestation, as usual, is encountered in the 
younger animals, many of which have over 20 and some over J>0 grubs per head. 
In eastern Texas, where the 'cattle industry has expanded tremendously during 
the last few years, cattle grubs are apparently not so abundant as in • 
northwestern Texas, but lightly to heavily infested animals are found in prac- 
ticably every herd. The appearance of cattle grubs in the backs of animals 
was apparently at the normal tine in the northwestern Texas area, whereas in 
the vicinity of Dallas and especially in eastern Texas, it was from 2 weeks to 
1 month later than usual. As a whole, the ca.ttle grub situation is serious 
and causes a tremendous loss in flesh and milk and damage to hides. In the 
ranch country the running of animals by heel flics in the spring , when animals 
have just come out of the •'•■■inter in a poor and weakened condition, has caused 
heavy damage, particularly' to ■ feeder stock. Stockmen from many counties in 
