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t rapping: program started, on April 18 in the S cut hern States and extended to 
September 7 in some of the northern cities in which beetles had "been caught 
during the season. A total of 79*537 traps were distributed by the Bureau in 
4gi cities and towns located in 37 States* With the exception of Arkansas, 
Montana, Oklahoma, and South Dakota, some degree of trapping was undertaken in 
all' States outside of the main infested territory. The major portion of the 
trapping 'was concentrated in States already partially infested or contiguous 
to the main infested zone, and in cities in which isolated infestations had beer 
found. This centered most of the trapping in New York, North Carolina, South 
Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and West Virginia, and in Atlanta, Ga. , 
Chicago, 111., Indianapolis, Ind. , Louisville, Ky. , Detroit, Mich., and St. 
Louis, Mo. Trapping in States west of the Mississippi River was limited to the 
operation of traps by the network of Bureau field stations scattered throughout 
the Midwestern and Western States, Results during 1939 paralleled those of 
193 S in that few first-record infestations wore found, and most of these con- 
sisted of a few beetles eaclj. Of the *.35 localities in which beetles were 
‘trapped for the first tine, 30 contained infestations of .an incipient nature# 
Only 5 were large enough to warrant quarantine or control measures. There were 
67 carry-over infestations in .nonregulated -territory, 32 of which were still 
of a minor nature. ’ Twenty-four residual -inf esta.t ions ™ere of some magnitude. 
Most of those wore adequately treated wibth load arsenate. There ‘remained at 
•the end of the year 11 localities in Ohio, Pennsylvania, and North Carolina that 
were subject to quarantine. Reports from Maryland officials in charge of the 
coopomxtive campaign for Japanese beetle retardation in that State show that 
approximately 100,000 traps were set throughout the State during the summer 
of 1939 and that these traps caught over 104 tons of beetles. This is a tremend. 
ous increase over the 42,3 tons .trapped in 193^# In addition to tho trapping, 
this retardation program involved spraying , 1 dust ing, soil treatments, biological 
control, and adjustment of agricultural practices# (William Middleton, Bureau 
of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, U, S, D. A.) 
FRUIT APHIDS ' 
Early in season aphid eggs wore reported in abundance from the northeaster 
one-fourth of the country. Warm weather caused hatching to start earlier than 
usual, and outbreaks in most of the fruit-growing districts appeared imminent. 
Cool weather late in April and May r tarded development of the aphids, and pn.ro- 
sites were probably active. The combination of environmental factors tended to 
keep the insects in check and the impending outbreaks failed to materialize. 
The apple gro.in aphid and the green aphid caused some injury in scattered 
localities# The most injurious species, the rosy aphid, caused considerable 
injury in western Now York, around Staunton, Va. , and in southwestern Indiana# 
The species also became abundant late in the season in Georgia, ^here it caused 
some injury# 
CODLING MOTH 
This pest entered tho season in many localities with a moderate carry-ovor 
and, although the crop was heavy, control was largely successful early in the 
season. Warm, dry weather late in tho season rendered control more difficult 
and permitted development of a large population over wide areas. First emcrgenc 
was noted* in Alabama on April 4, in northern Georgia and at Yakima, Wash., late 
in April; in southern Indiana, western Kentucky, and the valley of Virginia ear lr 
in May; in the Hudson Valley late in May. First-brood adults were noted late in 
