PRINCIPAL iNVESTiGATOaPROGRAM DIRECTOR Sandra Handwerger, M.D. 
19. Griffith RS. Vancomycin use — an historical overview. J. 
Antimicrob. Chemother. 1984; 14 (suppl D) : Dl-5 
20. Hakenbeck R, Ellerbrok H, Briese P, Handwerger S, Tomasz A. 
Penicillin binding proteins of penicillin sensitive and 
penicillin resistant pneumococci: immunologic relatedness of 
altered proteins and changes in peptides carrying the beta 
lactam site. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 1986; 30:553-8 
21. Hammes WP , Kandler 0. Biosynthesis of peptidoglycan in 
Gaffkya homari: the incorporation of peptidoglycan into the 
cell wall and the direction of transpeptidation . Eur. J. 
Biochem. 1976; 70:97-106 
22. Hammes WP , Neuhaus FC. On the specificity of 
phospho-N-acety lmuramyl-pentapeptide translocase. J. Biol. 
Chem. 1974; 249:3140-3150 
23. Hammes WP, Seidel H. The activities in vitro of 
DD-carboxypeptidase and LD-carboxypeptidase of Gaffkya homari 
during biosynthesis of peptidoglycan. Eur. J. Biochem. 1978; 
84:141-147 
24 . Handwerger S, Tomasz A. Alterations in penicillin binding 
proteins of clinical and laboratory isolates of pathogenic 
Streptococcus pneumoniae with low levels of penicillin 
resistance. J. Infect. Dis. 1986; 153:83-89 
25 . Handwerger S, Tomasz A. Penicillin binding proteins of 
penicillin resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae: alterations in 
kinetic properties. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 1986; 
30:57-63 
26 . Handwerger S, Tomasz A. Antibiotic tolerance among clinical 
isolates of bacteria. Rev. Inf. Dis. 1985; 7:368-382 
27. Harney SJ, Simopoulos ND, Ikawa M. Cell wall constituents of 
Leuconostoc citrovorum and L. mesenteroides . J. Bacteriol 
1967; 93:273-277 
28. Hermans PE, Wilhelm MP. Vancomycin. Mayo Clin. Proc. 1987; 
62:901-5 
29. Hill C, Daly -C, Fitgerald GF. Conjugative transfer of the 
transposon Tn 919 to lactic acid bacteria. FEMS Microbiol. 
Lett. 1985; 30:115-9 
30. Horowitz H, Handwerger S, van Horn K, Wormser G. Leuconostoc, 
an emerging vancomycin resistant pathogen. Lancet 1987; 2: 
1329-30 
31 . Israel i-Reches M, Weinrauch Y, Dubnau D. Evolutionary 
relationships of the Bacillus lichenif ormis 
macrol ide-1 incosamide-streptogramin B resistance elements. 
Mol. Gen. Genet. 1984; 194:362-367 
32.1wasaki H, Shimada A, Ito E. Comparative studies of 
lipoteichoic acids from several Bacillus strains. J. 
Bacteriol. 1986; 167:508-16 
33. Johnston LS , Neuhaus FC. Initial membrane reaction in the 
biosynthesis of peptidoglycan. Spin-labelled intermediates as 
receptors for vancomycin and ristocetin. Biochemistry 1975; 
14:2754-2761 
34. Josephson SL, Stinson MW, Millar SJ, Cohen RE. Purification 
of lipoteichoic acid by chromatography in water-organic 
solvent systems. Infect. Immun. 1986; 51:378-384 
35. Kalomiris E, Bardin C, Neuhaus FC. Biosynthesis of 
peptidoglycan in Gaffkya homari: reactivation of membranes by 
Recombinant DNA Research, Volume 13 
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