91 
is an expanding field, and the existing facilities are now used for other 
purposes. You would have to increase production quite a lot if everything 
went to P3 in this area. 
DR. PETERSDORF: But the conversion isn't very expensive, or very 
difficult. That is the point, I think, that Paul made. 
DR. HANDLER: Don, may I ask a question? 
DR. FREDRICKSON: Yes. 
DR. HANDLER: I don't think the capitalization cost of building these 
things is what the problem is. It seems to me the question is how much 
more difficult does it make doing the research, how much more time was 
consumed, how many more people do you have to have, how much more time 
does it take to do an experiment after you have invested what capital 
cost? If it doesn't, then I think it is an empty discussion. 
DR. FREDRICKSON: Dr. Berg, did you want to say more on that same 
issue? 
DR. BERG: Well, I think there is no doubt that the implementation of 
these guidelines is going to make research go more slowly. I doubt that 
there is anybody here who thinks he can move any other way as rapidly or 
as efficiently under these types of guidelines as he could before. 
MR. HUTT: But if you were to require a greater use of P3, certainly 
the concern about doing things in high school laboratories would be sub- 
stantially reduced because not many high school laboratories would have a 
P3 facility. 
DR. KELLY: I thought the Judge's question was whether or not they 
would be done under conditions that were not safety-oriented. 
DR. FREDRICKSON: Dr. Zaitlin? 
DR. ZAITLIN: I would like to just point out what I consider to be 
one technical defect in the recommendations for certain types of experi- 
ments in which plant DNA viruses are used as a vehicle to introduce the 
foreign DNA material into the plant. 
The conditions specify that we should use the best insect-proof 
greenhouses and keep them under negative pressure. I wish to point out 
that these plant viruses are normally transmitted by insects, and these 
sorts of procedures would encourage bringing those insects into the 
greenhouse rather than having to keep the vectors out. I think this is 
a serious defect in your recommendations. 
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