205 
(Laughter. ) 
I think the tone of concern, both within the outer and the inner circle 
here, and to some extent I think the outer circle is really the inner circle, 
is obviously something that I resonate with. We're dealing with problems in 
decision-making and uncertainty, where the people who are best qualified 
have brought us the task of evaluating what is the cost of reducing the un- 
certainty. In some ways this goes back to perhaps the statement from Eccle- 
siastes, that he who increases knowledge increases sorrow, and I think as 
we have lived in the Western World over the past several centuries with 
the general ideal of progress, we seem to think that the whole history of 
science, and indeed, of mankind, supports the view that what Ecclesiastes 
said ain't necessarily so. 
Perhaps what we are trying to design here is to be sure that it ain't 
so. 
Now, many will say that this is a good beginning, where do we go from 
here? They would like the kind of certainty that I think we cannot give. 
We can only assure a certainty of process, a certainty to which we have to 
commit ourselves and to which we have to commit a kind of tithe of our time, 
because that is what we have to contribute to it. I think that some of the 
colleagues of Paul Berg and Maxine Singer have given more than a tithe of 
their time. 
I think therefore that this is just a beginning. I feel that I regret 
that we didn't have a chance to talk about the institutional biohazard com- 
mittee, because we have to create a much broader community with which to 
operate. Perhaps because I am impressed with the fact what I have seen our 
activity in human experimentation operate. I have seen when it came to 
issues of social research having to do with desegregation that they really 
had no relevant guidelines and had to invent something else. 
We have raised a kind of consciousness about the way in which we do re- 
search that has paid off in areas that we had originally not encompassed. I 
think this is what we want to do here. I think we have to understand that 
many of these committees will start out in a very different way, and yet 
they will connect to the whole academic community, and I daresay, beyond, 
because no longer is the functioning of committees of academic institutions 
immune from public inspection. 
So I really think that the problem of building this broader community 
is absolutely necessary. 
Now, to those who say perhaps we are over-instrumenting all of that, I 
can only say that as basically a physical scientist I am impressed with the 
fact that the time constant of making enough survival of physically based 
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