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I do feel, however, that the regulations, which initially should be set 
very high, should certainly show flexibility with regard to the acquisition 
of further knowledge. 
I feel the risks are certainly real. I don't think there is anything 
we are dreaming up; certainly, based on the amount of information we have, 
those risks are real. But as has been said, we certainly are a risk- 
oriented society, and I think that they are worth taking. 
I feel that the personnel aspect of our total approach to this area is 
one that we need to pay a great deal of attention to, specifically in the 
area of training. I don't think that we can say too much about the training 
necessary, and the quality of training necessary. We know in graduate pro- 
grams that when one comes down to take his language qualification test, 
there are certain crash courses that can teach you to speak and read German 
in a week or two weeks. 1 am being a little bit absurd here, but I don't 
think we can afford the kind of crash courses for quality training, as lab- 
oratories will proliferate, asking some of these same kinds of questions. 
I don't think that we can approach this whole area on the business-as- 
ususal type of posture. I think sometimes we get so involved in our own 
work, and the drive toward what we feel is ultimately possible sometimes 
overshadows our own judgment. 
Certainly I don't want to appear as an alarmist, but I feel that this 
mode of experimentation is a total new ballgame, and sometimes it is a 
little bit difficult to change what might be considered mid-stream, with 
reference to the fact that it is literally a new ballgame. I think training 
and control procedures cannot be overemphasized, and I mean control proce- 
dures that relate to the total scientific community. Not just the univer- 
sity community, but the total scientific community. 
As a pharmacologist, I am often reminded of much of the SAR studies, 
the structure activity studies that we do in our laboratory where on the 
basis of extremely good information we decide that we are going to design 
certain kinds of chemical substances that are going to act on certain kinds 
of specific disease entities without certain types of untoward effects. In 
many instances we get the compound with all kinds of things that we never 
even conceived would be possible. They do happen. 
So I think, in conclusion, that we are standing very much at a point 
where Columbus might have stood facing the Flat World Society, and wonder- 
ing whether he was going to fall off the edge if he continued to insist that 
the world was round. I think we must take the concept. We must believe 
that the world is round. We must sail forth. We must not be with inaction, 
but we must sail forth with precaution. 
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