122 . 
The VOYAGES 
Of 
again to tile Weft ward. Being paft thfefe Points, you enter 
into a Bay about eight Leagues long, and four wide. This 
Bay turns in, on the South Side, North-eaft by Eaft from 
the South Point before-mentioned, making many final! 
Points, or little Coves. About a League to the Eaft of 
the faid South Point, the Dutch have a finali Stone Fort, 
fituated on a folid Rock, clofe by the Sea. This Fort they 
call Concordia. On the Eaft Side of the Fort, there is a 
frnall River of frefh Water, which has a broad boarded 
Bridge over it, near the Entry into the Fort. Beyond this 
River is a fmall Tandy Bay, where the Boats and Barks land. 
About an hundred Yards from the Sea-fide, and as many 
from the Fort, and forty Yards from the Bridge on the 
Eaft Side, the Company, as at moft of their Forts, have a 
fine Garden, lurrounded with a good Stone Wall. In it is 
plenty of all forts of Sallads, Cabbages, Roots for the 
Kitchen, and. a Parterre. In fome Parts of it are Fruit- 
trees, as Jacas, Purnplenofe, Oranges, fweet Lemons, &c. 
and, by the WTlls, are Cocoa-nut and Toddy-trees in great 
plenty. Belides thefe, they have Mufk and Water-melons, 
Pine-apples, Pomecitrons, Pomegranates, and other forts of 
Fruits. Between this Garden and the River there is a kind 
of Paddock for Black Cattle, of which they have plenty. 
Beyond the Company’s Ground, the Natives have their 
Houfes, in Number about fifty or fixty. There are forty 
or fifty Soldiers belonging to this Fort: But I know not 
how many Guns they have ; for I had only Opportunity to 
fee one Baftion, in which they had four Guns. Within the 
Walls, there is a neat little Church or Chapel. As to the 
Natives of this Eland, or original Indian Inhabitants, they 
are of a middle Stature, ftrait-bodied, fiender-limbed, long- 
vifaged, their Hair black and lank, their Skin very fwarthy. 
They are very dextrous and nimble, but withal lazy in the 
higheft Degree. They are faid to be dull in every thing, 
but Treachery and Barbarity. Their Houfes are but mean, 
their Cloathing only a fmall Cloth about their Middle ; but 
fome of them, for Ornament, have Frontlets of Mother-of- 
pearl, or thin Pieces of Silver or Gold, made of an oval 
Form, of the Breadth of a Crown-piece, curioufly notched 
round the Edges, five of thefe, placed one by another a little 
above the Eye-brows, making a fufficient Guard and Orna- 
ment for their Forehead. They are fo thin, and placed on 
their Foreheads fo artificially, that they feem riveted there- 
on ; and indeed the Pearl-oyfter-fhells make a more fplendid 
Shew, than either Silver or Gold. Others of them have 
Palmeto-caps, made in divers Forms. As to their Mar- 
riages, they take as many Wives as they can maintain ; and 
fometimes they fell their Children to purchafe more Wives. 
I inquired about their Religion, and was told they had none. 
Their common Subfiftence is Indian Corn, which every 
Man plants for himfelf. They take but little Pains to clear 
the Ground; for, in the Day-time, they fet Fire to the 
withered Grafs and Shrubs, and that burns them out a clear 
Plantation againft the next wet Seafon. What other Grain 
they have, befides Indian Corn, I know not. Their Plant- 
ations are very mean ; for they delight moft in Hunting : 
And here are wild Buffaloes and Flogs enough, tho’ very 
fhy, becaufe of their frequent Hunting. They have a few 
Boats, and fome Fifhermen. Their Arms are Lances, thick, 
round, fhort Truncheons, and Targets. With thefe they 
hunt, and kill their Game ; and the fame Weapons they 
life againft their Enemies too: For this Eland is now divided 
into many Kingdoms, and all of different Languages, tho’, 
in their Cuftoms and Manner of Living, as well as Shape 
and Colour, they feem to be originally of one Defcent. 
The chiefeft Kingdoms are, Cupang , Amabie , Lortribie , Pc- 
bumbie , Namquimal : The Ifland alio oi Anamabao or Anabao 
is a Kingdom. Each of thefe has a Sultan, who is Supreme 
in his Kingdom, and hath under him feveral Rajas, and 
other inferior Officers. The Sultans, for the moft part, are 
Enemies to each other ; which Enmities are fomented and 
kept up by the Dutch , whofe Fort and Fadlory are fituated 
in the Kingdom of Cupang ; and therefore the Bay, near 
which they are fettled, is commonly called Cupang Bay . 
They have only as much Ground as they can keep within 
Reach of their Guns ; yet this whole Kingdom is at Peace 
with them, and they freely trade with its Inhabitants, as alfo 
with the Iflanders on Anabao , who are at Peace, as well 
with the Natives of Cupang , as with the Dutch refiding there. 
5 
But they are implacable Enemies to thole o i Amabie, who 
are their next Neighbours, and in Amity with the Pcrtu- 
guefe ; as are alfo the Kingdoms of Pobumbie , Nanquimal , 
and Lortribie. It is very probable, that thefe two Euro- 
pean Settlements on this Iftand are the greateft Oecafion of 
their continual Wars. The Portuguefe boaft exceffively of 
their Strength here, and that they are able, at Pleafure, to 
rout out the Dutch , if they had Authority fo to do from the 
King of Portugal ; and that they often write to the Viceroy 
of Goa about it ; and, tho’ their Requeft is not yet granted* 
neverthelefs (as they fay) they live, in Expectation of it. 
Thefe have no Forts ; but depend on their Alliance with 
the Natives : And indeed they are already fo mixt, that it 
is hard to diftinguifh whether they are Portuguefe or Indians „ 
Their Language is Portuguefe ; and the Religion they have 
is Romijh. They feem, in Words, to acknowledge the 
King of Portugal for their Sovereign ; yet they will not 
accept ol any Officers fent by him. They lpeak indiffer- 
ently the Malayan and their own Country Languages, as 
well as Portuguefe ; and the chiefeft Officers, that I faw, were 
of this mixt Defcent : Neither did I fee above three or four 
white Men among them; and of thefe two were Priefts. Of 
this mixt Breed there are fome Thoufands, of whom fome 
have Small-arms of their own, and know how to ufe them. 
Idle chief Perfon (as 1 before faid) is called Captain-major. 
He is a white Man, fent thither by the Viceroy of Goa , 
and feems to have great Authority here. I did not fee him ; 
for he feldom comes down. His Refidence is at a Place 
called Porto Nova , which, the People at Laphao told me, 
was a great Way off; but I could not get any particular 
Account about it. Some told me, that he is commonly in 
the Mountains, with an Army of Indians , to guard the 
Paffes between them and the Cupangayans , efpecially in the 
dry Seafons. The next Man to him was Alexis Mendofa. 
He is an Indian , fpeaks very good Portuguefe , and is of the 
Romijh Religion. He lives five or fix Miles from the Sea, 
and is called the Lieutenant. He commands next to the 
Captain-major, and hath under him another at this Fort (on 
the Sea-fide) if it muft be fo called ; for, at beft, it is but 
a Block-houfe. 
20. What I obferved of greateft Confequence during my 
Stay in this Ifland, was the different State, and ftill more 
different Policy, of the European Nations fettled here ; I 
mean the Dutch and Portuguefe : And, I believe, the Ac- 
count I am about to give of them may pafs for a pretty 
good Defcription of all their Settlements ; by which I mean, 
that, as their Genius is alike, fo its Confequences are pretty 
near the fame in all. The Dutch Fort, as I have obferved, 
is a regular juft Fortification, well provided with Artillery 
and Ammunition, and has a fufficient Number of Soldiers 
to fecure them againft any Attempts of the Natives. They 
depend therefore intirely upon themfelves, and, by always 
fufpefting, are never deceived. They carry on a very con- 
fiderable Trade, becaufe they furnifh the Natives with a 
greater Variety, and better Sorts of Goods, than their Ri- 
vals in Commerce the Portuguefe. As for the latter, they 
have a Block-houfe or two, but hardly any Guns ; and are 
wretchedly provided with Ammunition. This is owing to 
the Loofenefs of their Government, or, to fpeak with greater 
Propriety, to their having no Government at all ; for tho s 
they boaft much of being Portuguefe , yet they pay no Obe- 
dience to the Viceroy at Goa, who consequently troubles not 
himfelf about them, but leaves them to provide military 
and naval Stores at the worft Hand, that is, to purchafe 
them from the Chinefe. As they are, in a manner, Indians 
themfelves, they truft to their own Strength, and that of 
the Natives ; and, becaufe they can mufter ten times as 
many Men as the Dutch , they fanfy themfelves much 
ftronger. Thefe crafty Neighbours of theirs never bring 
this to Trial ; but have fpirited up the People of Cupang 
againft them to fuch-a Degree, that they are continually at 
War with the Portuguefe , and never give them any Quar- 
ter. This is the Reafon that their Captain-major remains 
always in the Mountains, where, if he did not guard the 
Paffes carefully, the Portuguefe , notwithftanding their boaft- 
ed Strength* would foon be driven from the Coaft. Not far 
from the Dutch Fort at Concordia , the People of Cupang 
have an Houfe, or rather Hovel, built, on purpofe to hold 
Portuguefe Heads ; for, whenever they kill any of their 
Enemies, 
& 
