.Chap. II of the East Indies. 445 s 
eafy to fay *, but inafmuch as the Work of Philofiratus taining a conftant and uninterrupted Plenty. The King* 
abounds with fuch Miftakes, it w.as neither fit for me to howeyer, was acknowledged the foie Proprietor of all the 
Hnfert the Travels of Apollonius in this Collection, nor even Lands in his Dominions, from which he received a certain 
1 10 quote him as to any particular Fafts relating to the In- Tribute ; and befides that, a fourth Part of the net Pro- 
dies without giving the Reader a fair Account of his Cha- duce ; out of which Revenue, all the Expences or the State, 
rader, that fo it may be in his Power tojud^e of the Cre- were defrayed. 
dit due to the Matter which he relates. The third Clafs was compofed of Grafters, Shepherds, 
It is likewife neceffary to obferve, that the principal and Huntfmen : Thefe had the Care of their Plerds and 
rthincf he propofed by this journey to the Indies , was to be Flocks, and had the foie Privilege, of breeding, buying, 
better informed by the Brachmans, as to the Theory and and felling Horfes : And as the Country was much infefted 
iPPradice of Magic'-, in which, it is pretended, he fuc.ceeded by 'Lions, Tygers, Elephants, Birds of Prey, and other 
Lperfedly well : And yet, as we fhall fee hereafter, from a pernicious Animals, the Huntfmen were not only regarded 
, Cloud ofWitneffes, the Brachmans were, of all People in as a Race of People very ufeful to the State, and allowed 
I the World, the laft that ought to have been applied to for to poffefs, in full Property, the Fruits of their Labour, 
the Ends at which he aimed, fince they were ftrid Deifts but received alfo an annual Proportion of Corn, as an Ac- 
in point of Opinion, and heartily abhorred Fraud, in which, knowledgment for their preferving the reft, which could 
: without doubt, Magic is, and ever was founded, as con- not have been either fown or reaped in Safety, but under 
} fifting in nothing more than the Invention of cunning their Protection.- As thefe People led a wandering kind of 
Tricks, to amufe and impofe upon the Ignorant. On the Life, they had no Villages or Settlements ;■ but pitched 
Whole, therefore, we may, perhaps, come near the Truth, their Tents, , fed their Cattle, and purfued their Hunting 
if we believe, that the Indian Princes lived in much greater in the Woods or Mountains : So that they did no Preju- 
1 Splendor than he relates, fince we have the Authority of dice to any Part of the arable Ground, 
an antient. Author to prove, that the Palace of a Defcen- Under the fourth Clafs were comprehended Artificers 
fdantof Porus was much more magnificent than thofe of and Merchants. They paid the King a certain Tribute, 
the Parthian 'Kings at Sufa and Ecbatana 3 ; yet this might except fuch as were employed in making Arms, or in the 
be without any Diminution of their Virtue *, for it is not Construction or Service of the Fleet, who were paid for 
lithe Poffeffion of Wealth, but the ill Ufe of; it, that con- their Labour by the Public. 
: ftitutes Luxury and Effeminacy. In other refpefts, the The fifth Clafs was compofed of Officers and Soldiers, 
I Character he has given Phraotes , has nothing in it abfurd or, to ufe a modern Phrafe, the fifth Clafs was the Militia; 
1 or improbable, becaufe, fuppofmg him to have afted on They had no other Bufinefs to mind, than the Prefervation 
I the Principles aicribed to him by Apollonius, he would have and Protection 'of the State, and were obliged to take 
I done no more than his Anceftor Paxiles did, who, by Arms whenever the King thought fit, for the public Ser- 
fmooth Words, and rich Gifts, got the better of Alexander vice. They were lodged and maintained at the King V 
-the Great, and not only preferved, but inlarged his Do- Expence, who provided for their Families when they were 
minions, by the Wifdom of his Behaviour. abfent in War. At that time, the whole Society contri- 
3. The Virtues of Kings are not to be depended upon butedto the Support of what was intended for the common 
[ for the Prefervation of States-, which is a Maxim taught by Good ; fome furnifhed Elephants, fome Horfes ; one Pro- 
the Light of Reafon, as well as fupported by that of Ex- vince Forage and Provifion, and another Arms. The 
ipenence: But perhaps no Hiftory furnifhes us with any Megallians , who were a People inhabiting on the other 
jilnftance of a Nation, that took fuch early and effectual Side the Hyphajis , fupported conftantly five hundred Ele- 
I Care to fecure themfelves from the bad Effects of arbitrary phants, and a confiderable Body of Troops befides. The 
j Power, as the Indians. In every Principality there was a 'Chryfeans , the Arangians , and the P aranfangians , who 
■ Senate, without whole Advice the King could do nothing were all Subjects of the fame Paince, kept conftantly on 
of Importance ; and, in cafe any Man thought himfelf in- Foot for his Service, an Army of thirty thoufand Men, 
i jured by the joint Power of the King and Senate, he was eight hundred Horfe, and three hundred Elephants. The 
; not without Remedy, but might, if he pleafed, appeal to Soldiers, after their Return from the War, were kept con- 
j the People. It was for this Reafon, and to facilitate the ftantly to martial Exercifes, and a very ftricft Difcipline, 
.Prefervation of their refpecftive Privileges, that in every In- tho’, at the Clofe of the Campaign, they delivered up the 
idian State the People were divided into feven Claffes, Arms and the Horfes, which were furnifhed them at the 
' Tribes, or whatever elfe you will pleafe to call them, each public Expence c . 
of which had a fufficient Number of Heads, veiled with a The fixth 'Clafs was compofed of the Infpedtors, who 
( competent Degree of Power, for the Prefervation and had the Care of examining and looking into the Affairs of 
I Brotedtion of their Brethren : And it was the capital Maxim Town and Country, and were intrufted with the Superin- 
in their Laws, that every Man belonged to fome Clafs, or tendence of Arts and Commerce, each Man in his parti- 
other ; fo that all were alike free -, and there was no fuch cular Diftrict ; and thefe People made from time to time, 
thing as Servitude known amongft them b . exafit Reports to the Prince, if the Government they 
The firft of thefe were the Brachmans, or Philofophers i lived under was Monarchical, or, if a Republic, to the 
of whom we fhall fpeak particularly in the next Se&ion, chief Magiftrates, of the Condition that all things were in, 
; and fhall, therefore, content ourfelves with only naming them within the Limits of their refpedive Jurisdiction. And if 
:here, in their Order. The fecond were theHufbandmen and we can give Credit to what the Hiftorians report, we muft 
( Farmers, who compofed the Body of the State ^ and the allow the Indians to have been the wifeft and happieft of 
: fignal Service they rendered to the Public, by cultivating Nations, fince they pofitively afiert, that before they were 
the Land, and fecuring Plenty, joined to their exemplary conquered by, or intermixed with Foreigners, there never 
'Probity, obtained them the higheft RefpeCt. It was for was an Inftance of an Infpeftor’s negledting, or betraying 
j this Reafon, that in all Wars, whether civil or foreign, his Truft, to the Prejudice of the Crown, or to the Gp~ 
'they were exempted from taking up Arms : Neither preflion of the Subject. It is requifite to add, that the 
could they be injured or difturbed in their Labours, with- Women were under the Care of female InfpeCtors, who 
out a Breach of the Law of Nations a Crime no Indian had a Power of correfling all Exceffes in Drefs, in the 
Prince was ever hardy enough to commit. It was, there- Luxury of the Table, and Digreffions from the ftrifit 
fore, no uncommon Sight, to behold a bloody Battle on Rules of Morality d . 
cone Side of a Plain, and on the other, Men fowing or This Country was fubjefb to Inundations, like that of 
'reaping, without the leaft Apprelienfion, either from the Egypt, and perhaps to thofe that were more confiderable * 
Fury of the Vifitor, or the Defpair of the Vanquished. for the Snow melting on the Hills of Parepamifus , Cauca- 
They were, likewife, exempted from all pubiick Offices : Jus, Imaus , and the Emodian Mountains, together with 
For it was held, that their very Profeftion was a public the prodigious Quantity of Rain that falls in their Winter- 
Office, fince it contributed to the Good of all, by main- months, of April, May , and June, floods the Country to 
a Adrian. de ArwnaUhus, lib. xiii. c. 18. * Diodor. Sicul. lib. iii. Strabo, lib. xv* Arrian de Indirib * Plin. Nat. Hid. rib. vL 
(• 20. d Diodor. Sicul. lib. iii. 
n V mb. 31. 5 X fiA 
