The VOYAGES and TRAVELS 
Book L 
632, 
The Perfees were the third Sort of People ; and thefe were 
no other than the Remains of the ancient Perfians , who 
were, and are certainly the moft innocent People in the 
World, and perhaps the moft pious. As the principal 
Part of their Religion confifts in worfhipping the Al- 
mighty Author of all things, under the Symbol of Fire, 
the Mohammedans , without taking any Pains to enquire 
into their principles, concluded them Idolaters ; and when 
they conquered Per ft a, forced them to abjure their Reli- 
gion or to quit their Country. They chofe the latter, and 
this brought Multitudes of them into the Indies , where, by 
a laborious Induftry, they procured a bare Subfiftance, ex- 
pofed continually to the Infults of the other Nations, with- 
out any thing to fuftain them under the Weight of fo 
many and fo great Misfortunes, fave the Teftimony of 
a good Confcience in this Life, and the Hopes of a Re- 
ward in that to come. The fourth Sort of People were 
his own Subjects the Moguls , placed there in Garrifons by 
his Anceftors, and employed in levying the Tributes im- 
pofed by them upon the Rajahs. 
When Babar and his faithful Companion, had exa- 
mined all Things with the utmoft Diligence and Atten- 
tion, they returned to Cahulftan , and began to prepare 
for the Execution of their Project. They had obferved, 
that the Prince of the Rattans , who was in Poffeffion of 
the Kingdom of Dehly , was the moft powerful of any 
of the Rajahs in the Country of Indafian , and there- 
fore they refoived to begin with reducing him. Babar> 
having put himfelf at the Head of a numerous Army, 
fummoned this Monarch, whofe Name was Amwixa , to 
lay alide the Stile and Title of a Sovereign, in a Country 
which belonged to the Moguls by Right of Conqueft. Am- 
wixa anfwered, that a King, though tributary, was ftill a 
King, and that fince they difputed his Title, he was de- 
termined to pay no more Tribute to one driven out of his 
Dominions, and who, by his Conduct, feemed unworthy 
of Refpedt. Babar having received this Anfwer, profe- 
cuted his March towards Dehly , and met with Amwixa , 
at the Head of an Army much greater than his own j but 
as the Indians were Soldiers only in Shew, fo they were 
broke and defeated by the firft Attack. Their King 
perifhed like a brave Man in the Midft of his Enemies ; 
the Remains of his Army took Shelter in the Mountains of 
Thebet. Babar remaining Mafter of the Country, made 
Choice of Dehly for his Capital, which has continued to 
be the ordinary Refidence of his Succeffors ever fince c . 
The firft Care of this Prince, after his Eftablifhment in 
the Indies , was to frame a Body of Lav/s, or rather to 
eftablifh a few fundamental Maxims for the Government 
and Security of his Empire, that his Succeffors might not 
be expofed to fuch Accidents as he had met with, or 
be obliged, at every turn, to fet their whole Dominions on 
the Hazard of a Battle. The Foundation on which this 
Structure was raifed, was the foie and abfolute Right of the 
Grand Mogul, for fo Babar was firft called to all the 
Country he had acquired by Conqueft ; and this was fo 
clearly underftood, as that it fecured all Property to 
him, and made even the greateft of his Subjects Tenants 
at will, or Tenants for Life at the very utmoft. As by 
this Means the whole Lands in his Dominions were veiled 
in the Mogul, and all the great Men in the Kingdom 
made dependant upon his Pleafure ; fo by another Prin- 
ciple, the Bulk of the People were put as much into his 
Power, fince no written Laws were allowed, but the Judg- 
ment of the Emperor eftablifhed what was right and 
wrong in his Dominions. In his Capital he gave Judg- 
ment himfelf in all Caufes that came before him ; in other 
Cities there were Officers who decided all Things in his 
Name, and whofe Decrees were liable to be reviewed by 
the Mogul himfelf. 
Thefe Conftitutions were devifed by the Governor of 
Cabuliftanj who, as he had fixed the Emperor upon the 
Throne by his fidelity, now fecured him thereon by his 
Wifdom. The Effects of thefe Settlements very loon ap- 
peared by the Change that was perceived in the Face of Aft 
fairs *, for the Tartars , who had been the old Subjects of 
Babar and his Anceftors, fwarmed to him now from all 
Quarters, as did alfo the Perfians and other Mohammedans. 
with whom the Court and the Army were filled, and upon 
whom all Places of Truft and Profit were beftowed. 
The gi eat Officers, and in fhort all who had Preferments 
civil or military, were ftiled Omrahs, and the old Indian 
Princes retained their ancient Appellation of Rajahs 
We {hall meet with thefe Words very often, and therefore 
it may not be amifs to fix the Senfe of them effeually 
The Omrah is the mere Creature of his Prince, and tho* 
he often enjoys large Tradls of Land by his Favour, as 
well as confiderable Appointments, yet he enjoys both 
but for Life, and can leave nothing to his Children all 
being refumed by the Mogul at his Deceafe, who is’ the 
Heir-General of every Man in his Service. The Rajahs 
are hereditary Princes in their own Dominions, which they 
hold indeed of the Mogul, but by certain Tenures, with 
which, if they comply, he has no farther Demands upon 
them. It often happens that thefe Rajahs live at Court, 
and are honoured with Employments, in right of which 
they become Omrahs ; but at their Deceafe the Mogul re- 
fumes all that they poffefs in his Dominions, and nothing 
but the Principality defcends to their Children. 
After all the Obligations that Babar owed to the Go- 
vernor of Cabulftan, he became as ungrateful to him as 
his Grandfather had been to the Companions of his Mis- 
fortunes, and treated him in fucll a Manner, that he for 
his own Security, turned Faquir , and in that Difguife 
fheltered himfelf in fome diftant Part of the Indies , Af- 
ter he left the Court, all Things ran to Confufion/and it 
plainly appeared, that none was able to govern the Em- 
pire, according to its prefent Conftitution, but him who 
had framed, it. It was fome Time before the Emperor 
difcerned this, but at length he found it out, repented of 
his Ingratitude, and would very willingly have recalled his 
Mimfter to Count, if he had known where to have found 
him. His Endeavours for fome Time were fruitlefs, but 
at laft he bethought himfelf of an Expedient, which w’as as 
fuccefsful as it was fingular ; he publifhed an Edibt, by 
which he ordered every Market-Town in his Dominions, 
to fend its Bazar , or Ivlarket-Place up to Dehly , or to re-** 
turn a fufficient Reafon for not doing it. Elis Motive to 
this, was, that he believed he ftiould be able to diftin- 
guifh, amongft thefe Returns, the Place where his Mini- 
fter had taken Shelter. When he came to look them o- 
ver, he laid his Finger on the following Anfwer from a 
Town at a great Diftance from his Refidence. The In- 
habitants declared, that they were ready, and willing, to 
obey his Imperial Decree, but that their Bazar did not 
know the Way to Dehly, and therefore , if his Majefty would 
be pleafed to fend one of the Bazar’s of his Capital to con- 
dull it , theirs Jhould immediately fet out . Babar di reeled 
the Deputies that brought him this Return, to fend him 
inftantly to Court, the Man by whofe Advice they made 
it, which accordingly they did, and it proved as he ex- 
pelled, his old faithful Servant the Governor of Cabu- 
lftan , whom he reftored to his former Poll, and to his 
Favour, both which he enjoyed as long as he lived. The 
reft of this Emperor s Reign affords us nothing remarka- 
ble, inafmuch as he fpent it in profound Peace, and hav- 
ing lived, to a good old Age, deceafed in the Year of the 
Hegira 937, A. D. 1230, after reigning five Years at 
Samarcand y three in Cabulftan, and thirty in the Indies . 
7. He was fucceeded in his Dominions by his Son He - 
mayum , or Amayum, who very foon experienced how dif- 
ficult a Thing it is for the Succeffor of a Conqueror to 
preferve his Dominions. He had the Afiiftance of his 
Father’s old Counfellor, but, like a young Man, he did 
not put that Confidence in him that he deferved ; but, 
contrary to his Advice, and in fpite of all his Remon- 
ftrances, promoted to the higheft Employments the Per- 
fon in the World moft capable of doing him Mifchief 
e The Name of this City is fometimes called Del/i, and the Reader will meet with a large Defcription of it hereafter. It is very ancient, and made 
a Part of the Kingdom of For us ; and it was in the Neighbourhood of this Place, that the great Battle was fought, which put Alexander in Pofleffion- 
of his Dominions. There is faid to be ftill remaining in this City a Column eretted in Memory of that Event, w'ith an Infcription almoft worn out, 
in Cliaradlers, and in a Language now altogether unknown. The Rajah Ran a, who was defeated by Tamer lane A* reported by all the Oriental Writ- 
ers to have been a direft Defendant from King For us. 
2 ' 
The 
