634 The VO YA GE S and TR A VE L S Book I, 
Death, by granting Him an Eftate in Lands, to be enjoy- 
ed by him and his Pofterity for ever $ and this is the only 
Mohammedan Family in India-, it is laid* who can claim 
the Property of any Lands at this Day. His Defcen- 
dants alfo take Place of all others, and his Tomb has 
great Honours paid to it j but his Gratitude fee ms to have 
been exhaufted, by the returns made to this worthy Man, 
finee in regard to the Shalu to whom he owed all things, 
he neither fhewed Kindnefs, or Juftice^ fince he never 
paid him lb much as one Year’s Tribute, nor yielded to 
him the Principality he proniifed. Yet he remembered 
his Advice, and followed it very exactly, by which Means 
he took away from future Malecontents all Power of 
giving him Difturbance, and left it as a Maxim to his Pof- 
terity, who have praftifed it with great Succefs, and to 
this has been chiefly owing the Prefervation of the Domi- 
nions he left them 5 . 
Amayum was in the Flower of his Age when he recover- 
ed his Dominions, but whether it was that a fettled Me- 
lancholy had grown upon him, while under his Misfor- 
tunes, or that he had a Mind to lliew, that in the Poffef- 
fion of the higheft Bleffings, he had ftill the common 
Fate of Mankind in his Eye, or that he was led thereto 
by a Cuftom common among the Mohammedan Princes of 
his Age ; fo it was, that as foon as his Goverment was 
fettled, he began to build himfelf a Tomb, upon which 
he bellowed incredible Expence. He likewife fettled a 
large Revenue for the Maintenance of a certain Number 
of Mollas, or Doftors of the Mohammedan Law, to re- 
fide conftantly there, and to fpend their Time in praying 
for his Soul, and reading the Khoran, near the Tomb where 
his Body was to be laid. When this Edifice was in good 
Forwardnefs, Amayum went one Day to fee it, and hav- 
ing a Carpenter’s Rod in his Hand, walked upon the Bat- 
tlements, and gave the Workmen fome Directions, tvhen, 
either through Wearinels, or that he might look about 
him with greater Eafe, he dapp’d the Rule down, and lean- 
ed upon ir, which being but ilender, broke, and the Roof 
being Hoping, the Emperor rolled forwards, and fell from 
thence to tire Ground •, by which Accident he was killed 
upon the Spot, and found his Death and his Tomb toge- 
ther, in the Year of the Hegira 966, and A. D. 1552. 
The latter was finilbed by his Succeffor with the utmoft 
Magnificence, and adorned with a Dome, which is fo 
richly gilt, that it dazzles the Eyes of the Spectator by 
its Splendor. It Hands a little Way without the Gates of 
j Dehly, at the End of a fine Bridge, compofed of twelve 
Arches, and is efteemed one of the nobleft Monuments in 
the Empire of Indojlan. This Monarch furvived his Re- 
ftoration two Years, nine Months and fourteen Days, and 
reigned from his ftrft Acceffion twenty-two Years. 
8. Amayum was fucceeded by his Son Akebar , or Ak - 
har, then but thirteen, whom all our Hiftorians agree wanted 
no Accomplifiiments to adorn a Throne. He had, they 
tell us 5 a moft penetrating Judgment, an extenftve Know- 
ledge, an intrepid Soul, and at the fame Time was 
generous, tender, and compafiionate. Pie foon perceived 
that thp Moguls and Tartars bore no Proportion with the 
'Pattans and Indians under his Government, and therefore 
inviting the neighbouring UJbecks and Perjians to feive 
uhder him, he preferred them to the principal Polls, and 
gave them Wives, that they might in Time be a Balance 
for that Part of his Subjects whom Nature and Intereft 
inclined to be difaffeCled to his Government. And the 
greater Part of thefe who are called Moguls , at this Day, 
are a Mixture of white People of feveral Nations, pro- 
feffing the Mohammedan Religion ; but it being found, 
that in a fhort Time they lofe their Complexion, and de- 
generate into Softnefs, like the original Natives of the 
Country, new Supplies of Perjians and Tartars are encou- 
raged to tranfplant the mf elves, arid thefe ufually fill the 
greateft Polls in the Government. This Prince alfo, to 
flrengthen himfelf againft the Pattans , whom he dreaded 
moft, took feveral Bodies of Rajhpuls, or Rapboots „ in- 
to his Service. Thefe are the braveft People amongft the 
native Indians * who make Arms their Profeftion, and are 
Pagans by Religion 1 * and to endear them the more, it is 
laid, he took the Daughters of the principal Rajas among 
the Number of his Wives, and fuffertd the Rajas to 
match with the Mogul Princeffes ; tho’ I rnuft confefs this 
Part of the Hiftory is a little difficult to give Credit to, 
becaufe no People in the World arefo fcrupulous of mixing 
with thofe of a different Religion, or even with a diffe- 
rent SeCl, or Employment, as the Generality of the Pa- 
gans of India are ^ tho’ there are fome SeCts, on the other 
Hand, that admit of very great Liberties. 
To proceed, Akebar having taken all prudent Meafurea 
to render his Government fecure at home, began to think 
of extending his Dominions towards the Sea-Coafts, that 
he might come in for a Share of the Trade and Riches 
that the maritime Places poffeffed •, and the firft Enter- 
prize of this Nature that he undertook, was againft the 
Kingdom of Guzarat^ which extends from the River 
Tapte , upon which the Town of Surat Hands, to the 
Mouth of the River Indus. This Part of India , at that 
Time, enjoyed a ,molt flourifhing Trade ; the Portuguese 
in Particular, who had ellablilhed feveral Colonies in this 
Part of the Country, imported imm.enfe Treafures every 
Year from Europe , in Exchange for the Manufactory of 
India. The Prince who then reigned in Guzarat , was 
Sultan Bahadar , a Mohammedan. This Sultan Badar had 
maintained a long War with the Portuguese , who daily en- 
croached upon his Territories, and lately made themfelves 
Mailers of JDiu , a Town which lies upon an Arm of the 
Sea, almoft oppofite to Surat but both the Sultan Badar , 
and the Portuguese , being alarmed at the Approach of the 
Mogul , united their Forces againft him. 
It was with fome Difficulty, it is faid, that Akebar pre- 
vailed on his Troops to march againft the Portuguese . 
They had been reprefented at Dehly as fomething more 
than mortal, and thofe vail floating Machines armed with 
Artillery, with which they had heard they fought upon 
the WateF, they were apprehenfive might be made ufe of, 
or at leaft fomething of the like Nature upon the Land. 
They dreaded the Encounter therefore to fuch a Degree, 
that they were upon the Point of turning their Backs, and 
quitting the Enterprize, till Akebar , who had fully in- 
formed himfelf of the Numbers, and Strength of the 
Enemy, and their manner of engaging, convinced his 
Troops how much inferior this little Guzarat Prince, and 
the Portuguese , were to the Forces he brought with him, 
and putting himfelf at the Head of his Troops, in one 
brilk Charge, he routed both the Guzarats and Portu- 
guese. Sultan Badar fled, but his Children were taken 
Prifoners, and put to Death by the Conqueror, and the 
whole Kingdom immediately fubmitted to his Power, ex- 
cept thofe Towns the Portuguese were poffeffed of, which 
being fortified after the modern Way, bid Defiance to his 
Forces, as indeed, a very flight Fortification will at this 
Day. Their Elephants, which are their greateft Strength, 
are of very little ufe in a Siege, becaufe a Battery of great 
Guns would foon lay them in Heaps, if they could be 
fuppos’d fo intrepid, as not to be difordered by the very 
Fire, or even the Report of a Cannon, 
Akebar finding GuzaraJ fo eafy a Conqueft, bent his 
Arms towards D&can, which lies to the Southward of it. 
The intelligent Reader will eafxly perceive the Reafon why this Empire has been more fubje£t to Revolutions than any other, the Mogul having 
Cuipft, fh-iffie can depend on but Tartars and Strangers, the native Indians remaining ftill as diftinft a Nation as ever, and abhorring the Mo- 
XiU W vl v .. J __ _ 7 , r 1 1 /1: 11 I* urn o of- thp Rpfonm nrr flvot* ic tr» ifo-cr ft/ lift- 
TxfZSdans atheartily as~the Mohammedans contemn them ; fo that this Government ftill remains what it was at the Beginning, that is to iky, Miii- 
tery, the Sword giving Law, and being the true Source of Power. This Obfervation will be found of great ufe to the underftandmg the fubfepent 
i ait 0 f tins th; t0 p iX the Manner of Writing this Word, which in all Probability is very mcorre£tly expreffed by the Europeans. Moft 
Of our Emlijh Authors write if, Rajhpoots, or Rajhpouts, they are properly the War Tribe of the ancient Indians, and we find them very frequently 
d iiinsoiNed by the Name of Queteries. The Arms they ufe, are commonly Swords, Pikes and Bucklers ; but when they appear with a yellow 
Cloak it is a certain Si<m that they have made a Vow either to conquer or die. On thefe Occafions, it is common enough tor them to heighten 
thek Course by Taking Opium; which infpirer, ’em with a fort of military Fury, that differs not much from Madnefs There is one thing re- 
markable imtheir Difcipltne, which is, that before they engage, they embrace each other, as if they were on the Point of departing on along jour- 
ney, intimating thereby their Readinefs to rulh into, another State. 
This 
