64a The HJSTO R T of the ■ Book L 
Country within the Bounds before-mentioned, was entire- Quarrel, and that not from any Difturbance .they gave 
ly and abfolutely under the Dominion of the Great Mogul, him or his Subjects, but from a natural Averfion liehad 
But in the Heart of thefe Territories, were many little Prin- to them, which ardfe from different Motives. He had fo- 
cipalities well bounded by Forefts and Mountains, fo that licited their Affiftance when he was in Arms againft his 
the native Inhabitants, though no great Soldiers, were ve~ Father, and was not only refilled it, but reproached for 
ry able to defend themfelyes againft a Prince who was having defired it againft his Parent and his Prince, a 
obliged to truft a mercenary Army, compofed of different Thing he could not either forget or forgive. His Emprefs 
Nations, and whofe natural Subjects the Moguls, were alfo was a bitter Enemy of the Portuguese , on the fcore of 
in a manner worn out. their Religion. She was the Niece of the old Emprefs, and 
In the next Place, Difference in Religion was another the Daughter of Afaph-Khan ; her Name was Tagge Mahl 
Caufe of Diftra&ion and Difquiet. The eftablifhed Faith that is, the Crown of the Seraglio , a Woman of a violent 
was Mohammedifm , yet the Rajahs, and the greateft Part Spirit, and yet of fo much Art, that ffie entirely gained the 
of the People, were of the old Indian Religion, and there Affeffion of her Hufband, and is faid to have put him 
were befides, a large Mixture of Chriftians and Per fees, upon this War. 
The Difficulties that this created were fo many, and fo When it was once refolved on, he fent his General 
intolerable, that the two laft Emperors were inclined to Cojfam-Khan with a.Body of Forces, in order to make him- 
have invented a new Religion, which might have recon- felf Mafter of Ougli , a Place near the Mouth of the Ri- 
ciled the Minds of all their Subje&s *, but in this, as in- ver Ganges , where the Portuguese had a Garrifon of fix or 
deed it was no great wonder, they failed •, but what ad mi- feven hundred Men, who were all taken Prifoners, be- 
niftered the greateft Caufe of Difturbance was, the Cuf- caufe it fo happened, that the Place was invefted, at that 
tom introduced in the Court of the Mogul, of fending the Seafon of the Year, when the Waters of the Ganges were 
young Princes of the Empire to govern feveral Provinces fo low that they were not able to make ufe of Boats ; for, 
of it, which gave them a Habit of commanding, fo that otherwife they might have efcaped very eafily. They were 
it was difficult, if not impoffible, to teach them to obey, moft of them conducted to Agra , where they were treat- 
even a Parent, as well as a Prince, and yet this was a ed with great Severity ; many of them obliged to turn 
Cuftom, that it was not either eafy, or fafe to break Mohammedans , while fome chofe rather to fuffer Death, 
through*, for on the one Hand it was a thing very unnatural and thereby obtained the Reputation of Martyrs. Some 
for a Father to make his Sons Prifoners in his own Palace, Priefts and Jefuits that were taken here had, after a Time, 
and on the other, it was no lefs difficult to prevent their their Liberty given them, and were fuffered to return to 
forming Fafoions, if they were allowed fuch Liberties as the Portuguese Colonies. It was very happy for them 
were fuitable to their Birth. that the Emprefs Taage Mahl was dead before the War 
The Emperor knew this by Experience in the Reign of ended ; for, otherwife they had, undoubtedly, all fuffered. 
his Father, and had confequently much Reafon to fear the She was regretted by none but the Emperor himfelf, who, 
like under his own Reign, having four Princes grown up in a great meafure, owed his Crown to her Arts, and to her 
to Mens Eftate, and all very capable of pretending to the Intereft. 
Crown. The eldeft of thefe, Sultan Bara Shekowh, that He built, to perpetuate her Memory, a noble Tomb, 
is, in Pomp like Darius, the fecond Sultan Sujah, that is, at the Expence of about fixty Lacks of Rupees, or 
full of Valour , who was a Year younger than Bara , the 750,000 Pounds Sterling. After the Clofe of this War, 
third Sultan Auringsehe , or as we ufually write it, Au- and of her Death, Shah Jehan changed his Manner of 
rengzehe , that is, the Ornament of the Throne \ his fourth living entirely, and gave no farther Signs of a martial 
Son was Sultan Morad Bukhfh , that is, the Fulfiller of Be - Difpofition. His Father had been particularly fond of 
fires •, he had likewife three Daughters by his Sultanas, Labor , as his Grandfather had been of Agra. This 
whofe Names it will be neceffary to mention, becaufe, Prince chofe rather the City of Dehly for his Habitation ; 
contrary to the ufual Cuftom, they had a great Influence and not far from it he erebted a very fine Caftle for his own 
over their Father, and by that Means a confiderable Refldence, built at a vaft Expence, and adorned it with 
Share in the Adminiftration. The eldeft of thefe, and two very magnificent Gardens, la, id out by a Venetian, who 
indeed of all his Children, was Jehan Ara Begum, that was extremely fkilful in his Profeffion. He was fo de- 
ls, the Ornament of the World *, fhe was her Father's lighted with this Place, and with the Improvements he 
greateft Favourite, and entirely in the Intereft of her Bro- had made, that he affebled to call it Shahjehanahat , i. e. 
ther, Sultan Bara. The next was Rofhnrai , or Roxana the Dwelling-place of Shah Jehan u . The enlarging and 
Begum , that is, the Princefs of enlightened Mind. This beautifying, the laying out and peopling this City, em- 
Lady had great Parts, and wonderful Addrels, which ployed him for feveral Years, and, by Degrees, gave him 
fhe employed to favour the Defigns of her Brother Au- fuch a Turn for building, planting, and fuch like Pleafures, 
rengzehe. The third was Suria Bam Begum that is, the that he fpent his whole Time in them and in the Delights 
fhining, or, bright Princefs, of an eafy and gentle Tem- of his Seraglio, for he was exceffively addibted to Wo- 
per, who diverted herfelf with innocent Amufements, men, and that in a Manner fcarce known to any of his 
and had little or no Share in thofe Intrigues, which occa- Predeceffors ; for not content with a vaft Number of La- 
fioned fo many Difturbances in the Empire 1 . He had dies, and thofe the moft beautiful the Eaft could afford in 
befides feveral other Princes and Princeffes by his Concu- his own S,eraglio, he fell to debauching the Wives of his 
bines, the Names of which, as they are not neceffary to principal Omrahs , particularly thofe of Jafer-Khan and 
our Purpofe, we Khali omit. Kalil-Khan, which were attended with fatal Confequences. 
In regard to his Neighbours, this Emperor had not By degrees, he formed his Pleafures into a kind of Sy- 
much to fear. The Kingdom of Perfia was at that Time Item, and every fort of Diverfion had its proper Seafon, 
governed by a weak and very inadive Prince, not capa- and the Meafure of its Expence fettled. In this volup- 
ble of giving him any Uneafmefs or Difturbance. The tuous Manner of living he fpent upwards of twenty Years, 
Tartars were much altered from what they were, and be- and then the Heat of his Paffions abating, and the Vigour 
fides, their Strength was fo much exhaufted, that he had of his Conftitution being worn out, he grew, from being 
nothing to apprehend from them. The Indian Nations the moft expenfive and profufe, the narroweft and moft 
ip the South of his Territories were, generally fpeaking, miferly Prince in the World. To gratify this unkingly 
peaceable and pufillanimous People. The Portuguese Thirft of Money, he altered the whole Courfe of his 
were the only Nation with whom he was like to have any Proceedings ; and having caufed two large Vaults or 
* It will be neceffary to fet down here the Age of thefe Princes and Princeffes, to which the Reader may have recourfe, for the better underhand- 
ing what is faid of them. It may not be amifc to obferve, that thefe were ail the Sons and Daughters of the Sultana mentioned in the Text, whofe 
Name was originally Arjumund Banu Begum ; that is, the mofl noble Princefs. J than Ara Begum was born in the Year 1614, Sultan Dara in 161 
Sultan Sujah 1616, Roifhnrai Begum in 1617, Sultan Auringzehe in 1618, Suria Banu Begum in 1622, and Sultan Morad in 1624. . . 
u I follow, in the Text, the Obfervations made by other Hiflorians, as to the Vanity of thefe Princes, in giving their own Names to the Cities 
they eredted ; but, I mull, for my own part, obferve, that I think the Fadt is, in itfelf, a little doubtful ; and I am rather inclined to think, that it is 
the People themfelves that give thefe Names to the Cities, in order to dillinguilh which were the Capitals of the Empire under tne Reign of particular 
Monarchs ,* and I am confirmed in this, by obferving that thefe Names are iiill in ufe, at leaft in all the Court- Writings. 
a Cel- 
