Chap. II. - ' Mogul 
of his Conduct in a different Light, it was owing to the 
Influence that Aurengzebe acquired over him, and in 
which he adted againft his own Sentiments. Let us now 
return to Matters of Fadl, and difcufs them in as few 
Words as poffible. All the Hopes of Aurengzebe lay rh 
making his Brethren deftroy each other. His Schemes 
were in fome Meafure accomplifhed with refpedt to Sultan 
Sujah , and from his Intelligence, he knew very well, that 
Sultan Dara was not an equal Match for the Forces they 
had in the Field againft him, and this gave him as much 
Difquiet in one Senfe, as it did Pleafure in another ; for, 
as he faw very clearly, that his Brother’s Safety and In- 
tereft depended upon taking him offs,' fo notwithftanding 
the Difference of their Charadters, he was afraid his Bro- 
ther might fee it himfelf, or at lead be ffiewn it by fome 
who were about him, which made him more intent upon 
his Deftrudtiom, towards whom he profefled both Duty 
and Affedtion, than on that of his elder Brother againft 
whom he was in Arms : Yet he covered his Uneafinefs 
with a Shew of great Tranquillity* and prevented any 
Sufpicion* that might have rifen from his Refervednefs, by 
afcribing it to a Spirit of Religion ; fo that while he was 
plotting the moft deteftable Villanies, the far greater Part 
of the Camp believed him entirely taken up with religi- 
ous Meditations. He employed the vaft Treafures he had 
heaped up by the moft unjmtifiable Means* in Practices 
no lefs wicked ; and by that Means had conftant Advice 
of Whatever paffed in all the Courts ; fo that if his Hy- 
pocrify had ever been detedted, he would, have had leifure 
lUffSieht to have fecured a Retreat* and at the fame Time, 
his Officers and his Troops were fo devoted to him, that he 
had not the leaft Reafon to doubt their- defending him to 
the laft Man i Such were the Circumftances on this Side. 
Dara was not idle in the mean Time, but ordered his 
Generals JacontJing and Cajfam-Khan , to take a Pafs up- 
on the River Ugin, which might have been maintained 
againft all the Forces of the two Brothers. But Cajfam- 
Khan * one of thofe whom Dara had formerly difobliged, 
being in the Intereft of Aurengzebe , withdrew upon the 
Approach of his Army, and left the Rajah JacontJing to 
fight it out by himfelf ; whereupon the two Brothers gain- 
ed an eafy Vidlory, making themlelves Mafters of all the 
Enemies Artillery and Baggage, and fo did the Partifans 
of Aurengzebe manage this Matter, that all the Glory of 
the Vidlory was afcribed to him, which gave a great Dif- 
guft fo the Minifters and Generals of Mcrad* s Army* 
knowing that their Matter’s Troops had born all the Burthen 
of the Day* while Aurengzebe feemed to referVe his own 
Forces for another Occafion. They began how to be 
convinced of the ambitious Defigns of the Diffembler* 
tod had, it is faid, without their Matter’s Knowledge, 
formed a Defign to cut him off next Time he came to 
Morad's Quarters, which Aurengzebe * who had his Spies 
in every Place, had fome Intelligence of, and came no 
more to his Brother’s Tent as ufual, but fent his Son Mo- 
hammed to pay his Compliments, without difcoVering that 
he was apprized of the Confpiracy againft him. While 
the two Brothers continued their March, the Malecontents 
at Court came over to them every Day, and many of 
thofe who ftaid behind, remained there for an Oppor- 
tunity of giving Intelligence to the Enemy. Shah Jehati, 
finding himfelf betrayed on every Side, and refledting on 
his former Condudl, ’tis faid, in refpedt to the Omrahs* 
thought this univerfal Defedtion might proceed from a 
particular Prejudice to his own Perfon ; he made a Ceffion 
therefore of the Crown, and devolved all his Authority on 
his Son Dara, who thereupon raifed a prodigious Army* 
and marched to meet the Enemy upon the 14th of 
May, 1 656 r* 
To fee this mighty Army, fays the Hiftorian, extend 
jlfelf on the vaft Plains of Agra, would have inclined any 
one to believe* that Dara muft have commanded Vidlory 
Empire. 6 45 
where-ever he went ; but Dara 9 s haughty Carriage, , it 
feems* had railed him as many Enemies as the Vices of 
Shah Johan the Father* inforrmch that there was hardly 
a conliderable Officer in the Army* but had his particu- 
lar Prejudices. Dara continued his March for : four Days, 
till he came to the River Chambaj where he entrenched 
himfelf* and determined to wait the Motions of The-, two 
Brothers; for here his Army could be fupplied with all 
Manner of Provifions from Agra^ and the Enemy, he 
knew* could not poffibly fubfift long in that barren Coun- 
try, which lay to the Southward, efpecia lly at this Sea- 
fon of the Year, when the Heats are intolerable. Au- 
rengzebe obferving the Difpofition of the Imperial Army, 
and that all the Avenues to Dara 9 s Gamp were fortified 
with Entrenchments and Batteries of Cannon, concluded 
it was impoffible to face the Enemy in that Poll, On 
the other Hand* he was fenfible* that the leaft Delay was 
their infallible Ruin. Dara would be joined in a little 
Time by his victorious Son, who was returning from the 
Purfuit' of Sultan Sujah , and their own Troops would be 
diffieartened, and difperfed* if their firft Heat was a little 
cooled, as is ufual in all Infurredtions, where Rebels meet 
with unforefeen Difficulties. In this Diftrefs, the Rajah 
Camlet, a confirmed Enemy to the Court, offered the 
two Brothers a Paffage through his Country, which lay 
about thirty Miles higher up the River, where it was 
probable they would meet with no Oppofition ; for the 
Rajah’s Territories being woody and mountainous, and 
the Rajah himfelf a General in the Imperial Army, Dam 
looked upon himfelf as fecure on that Side, when, to his 
Surprize* Intelligence was brought him, that a Body of 
the Enemy had actually paffed the River, and was pre- 
paring to attack his Rear. Dara immediately difpatehed 
the treacherous Calim-Khan to oppofe them, but he hav- 
ing a Correfpondence with Aurengzebe, fuffered his whole 
Army to pals the River, and form themlelves in Order 
of Battle, without giving them any Difturbance ; fo that 
now both Armies came to a Battle on equal Terms, which 
was fought with very great Bravery on that Side, where 
Dara himfelf commanded ; but the other Generals not 
doing their Duty* and fome of them with their whole 
Bodies going over to the Enemy, the two Brothers, at 
Length, obtained an entire Vidlory. Dara retired with 
a fffiall Body of Troops, which remained faithful to him, 
to Agra, where he ftaid but a few Hours to refrelh him- 
felf, and continued his March to Dehiy ; but the Gover- 
nor having heard of the Lofs of the Battle, refufed him 
Admittance, whereupon he was compelled to retire to 
Labor. 
The two Brothers, with their vidtorious Army* advanced 
to the Gates of Agra , and invefted the Place, which was 
betrayed to them in a few Days, and the old Emperor Shah 
Jehan made Prifoner. The two Brothers poffeffed them- 
felves of his prodigious Treafures, which they found fuffi- 
cient to reward their Adherents, and fupport their Ufurpa- 
tion ; and having refrcfhecl their Troops, and put the Go- 
vernment into fuch Hands as they could depend on, they 
left a Garrifon in Agra, and continued their March to- 
wards Dehiy , Morad being treated by Aurengzebe, and the 
Whole Army, as their Emperor. They were encamped in 
the fertile Plains of Matura, where {lands a noble Mofque 
or Temple eredted by fome of the Mogul Emperors, which 
Aurengzebe propofed as a proper Place for the Inaugu- 
ration of his Brother ; whereupon great Preparations were 
made to perform the Solemnity on the 15th of June 1 656. 
The Evening before Aurengzebe fent a moft dutiful Melfage 
to his Brother, importing, that he was extreamiy forry that 
a fudden Illnefs, with which he was feized, would not 
allow him to wait upon his Imperial Majefty, in order to 
concert with him and his Aftrologers the lucky Flour for 
his Coronation ; but that if he would have the Goodnels 
and Condefcenfion to accept of a ftnall Collation at his 
y We have many very authentick Relations of the Tranfa&ions in thefe Wars, but particularly two, the firft by M. Bernier * and the fecond by 
M. Manouchi, who were both upon the Spot* and both Attendants on the unfortunate Sultan Dara. I have, however, chiefly folio-wed the latter, 
for feveral Reafons ; firif, Becaufe he made the Hiftory of the Moguls his Study, and procured the Materials from which his Memoirs were compofed* 
at a great Expence. Secondly, Becaufe he wrote at Leifure, and after he had taken Time to enquire into, and examine the Fafts which he recorded 
and fo was the lefs likely to be deceived by common Reports. Thirdly, Becaufe he was an Italian, had a Head well turned for Intrigues, and ap- 
pears to have been much better verfed in Affairs of State* and in the Practices of the Court* than the other Hiltorian* tho’ he was a very able, and 
faithful* as well as entertaining Writer. 
■ Numb. 44. 8 B 
Quarters^ 
