Chap, II. Mogul 
His Sons and Miniftefs reprefented to him with fo 
much Earneftnefs, that he would thereby deprive himfelf 
of his principal Revenues, that his Finances were exhauft- 
ed, that he had Occafion for Money to maintain the War 
againft his Brother, that he Would make the Rajahs and 
Idolaters too powerful, and that they might turn their Arms 
againft him : To which they added fo many other Reafons, 
that they obliged him to revoke all the Grants he had made 
to the Rajahs. Thole Princes relenting the Violation of 
his Word, took Arms, not to make War upon him with 
their joint Forces, but to plunder and ravage the Country, 
as they do ftill without any Oppofition, about their own 
Territories, which are fituated in the Mountains. In the 
mean time, Bahadr Shah , who could not then remedy it, 
becaufe of the War he was engaged in, advanced into the 
Dominions of his Brother, with an Army of fifty thou- 
fand Horfe, and thirty thoufand Foot. 
Khambukjh , who was in the Neighbourhood of Hyde- 
rabad, where he drew together the greateft Force he was 
able, which, however, was far from being fuch as might 
enable him to take the Field. All that he could do was 
to fecure himfelf behind fome good Retrenchments ; with a 
Handful of Troops he made a very glorious Defence, till, 
at laft, over-powered by Numbers, his Army was defeated 
and himfelf mortally wounded, and taken Prifoner •, in 
which Condition, however, he continued for one Day, 
and then expired. Thus the whole Dominions of Au- 
rengzebe were united under the Power of the eldeft of his 
furviving Sons, of whofe Reign no farther Particu- 
lars are recorded, except that he extinguilhed fome re- 
ligious Difputes at Labor , which, otherwife, were like to 
have excited a Rebellion. He enjoyed the Empire only 
fix Years, and then died in a good old Age, univerfally 
regretted by his Subjedts K 
14. This Monarch no fooner expired, than a Civil 
War was again kindled in the Empire, for Jehandar Shah , 
Jehan Shah , and Raffeeih al Shan , Sons to Bahadr Shah, 
having joined againft their Brother Azim al Shan , defeated 
and killed him. His Treafure falling into the Hands of 
Zulfecar Khan , who was in Jehandar Shah’s Intereft, they 
marched againft the other two Brothers, Jehan Shah and 
Raffeeih al Shan , and having overcome them, put them to 
Death. Their Deaths fecured the Empire to Jehandar 
Shah , and Zulfecar Khan became his Vizir. He was a 
weak Prince, and fo foolilhly fond of one of his Wives, 
called Lai Koar , who was of an obfcure, mean Parentage, 
and a Singer by Profeflion, that he endeavoured to fill the 
Places of the greateft Truft and Honours in the Empire 
with her bafe Relations, which fo difgufted Seyd Abdallah 
Khan , and Seyd Hoffan Khan , two Brothers of great Au- 
thority in the Empire, and who had a Body of choice 
Troops, that they refolved to place Mohammed Furrukhfir 
on the Throne. 
This Prince, notwithftanding he had but little Treafure, 
got Numbers to join him. At firft, he defeated Eaz o’ din, 
Jehandar Shah’s Son, and afterwards Jehandar Shah him- 
felf was defeated near Agra , and was obliged to fly, tho* 
he had near 100000 Horfe and Foot. 
Mohammed Furrukhjir , Son to Azim al Shan , being fet- 
tled on the Throne, Seyd Abdallah Khan was made Vizir, 
with the Title of Koteb al Muluck , and Jarba Vafa , that 
is. Faithful Friend , and Hoffan All Khan made Mir 
Bukhjhi , or Pay-mafter-General, with the Title of Emir 
al Omra. The Emperor was only fo in Name, for thefe 
two had the abfolute Management of every thing ; Fur - 
rukhfir , at laft, with the Advice, and at the Inftigation of 
Khandoran and Mir Jumla , began to contrive Means to 
cut off the two Brothers. They, on the other Hand, 
were intent on nothing fo much as inriching themlelves. 
They turned out Mizam al Mulluck from his Govern- 
ment of Decan , and Hoffan AH Khan went thither him- 
felf. At laft, the two Brothers finding the Emperor jea- 
lous of their Power, refolved to remove him, and put a more 
paflive Prince in his ftead. Having got Ajeet Sang , the 
EmpirE SfjJ 
Maha Rajah , and the Emperor's Father-in-law* to join 
them, they confined him* and fhortly after they blinded 
him, by drawing a red-hot Wire over his Eyes j arid oft 
the 6th of February , 1719, offering him a thoufarid In- 
dignities and Infults, put him to Death, after a Reign of 
feven Years. It was in this Emperor's Reigri, that the 
Englifh Eaft-India Company obtained a Firman, exempt™ 
ing them from paying any Duties in his Dominions m . 
The Seyds , after having thus tfaiteroufiy and treache- 
roufly deftroyecl Furrukhfir , took Reffeeih al Darjat , Soul 
to Raffeeih al Shan out of the Caftle of Schmgur , where 
the Royal Family are confined, and placed him on the 
Throne. He had not reigned above three Months before 
they mutdered him •, and folding for his Brother Raffeeih 
al Dowlat , placed him on the Throne, who, in a few 
Days afterwards died a natural Death, and was fucceedecl 
by the prefent Emperor. Naff o’ din Mohammed Shah; 
Son to Jehan Shah , who, being raifecl to that Dignity by 
the Seyds , Hoffan Ali Khan , and Abdalln Khan , they kept 
the Power fo much in their own Hands, that he had no- 
thing except the Name of Emperor, which made him 
eagerly wifh for an Opportunity of making himfelf inde- 
pendent, and revenging the Death of his Uncle’s Son. 
Mohammed Shah , in Odlober , 1720, marched, with a' 
numerous Army, from Agra towafds Decan , accompanied 
by Hoffan Ali Khan , and feveral Omrahs. When they 
came to halt, after the firft Day’s March, the Emperor 
called a Divan, from which, after a fhorc Stay, he with- 
drew. As foon as he was gone, Khandoran , and feveral 
others of the principal Omrahs, who were beft affedted to the 
Royal Family, drew their Swords, and falling upon Hoff 
fan Ali Khan , killed him, and two or three of his Friends.. 
When this was over, the Emperor thought no niore of 
his firft Expedition, but marched back with his Army to 
Dehly , in order to cut off Seyd Abdellah Khan; the other 
Brother, who was in that Capital, with a great Force,' 
and, who, hearing of his Brother’s Murder, had taken out 
Sultan Ibrahim , Son to Raffeeih Shan , and proclaimed 
him Emperor, gathering together What Treafure he. 
could, and having broke to Pieces the famous Throne of 
Shah Jehan , which coft eleven Millions of our Money, irf 
order to raife wherewithal to pay his Soldiers. By the 
Flelp of this extraordinary Supply, he was very foon in a 
Condition to look his Enemies in the Face, and, accord- 
ingly, marched with fifty thoufand Horfe to give the Em- 
peror Battle. 
It was on the fecond of November , 17 20, that thofe Ar- 
mies came to a general Engagement, and, after an obfti- 
nate and bloody Battle, Abdallah Khan’s Forces were de- 
feated, and himfelf defparately wounded, and taken Pri- 
foner. The young Sultan, whom he had brought with 
him to countenance his Rebellion, being taken, had no 
other Punifhment inflidted on him, but being lent back 
to his old Quarters the Caftle of Sclimgur. 
Upon this Vidtory, the Emperor made great Rejoicings, 
and appointed Mohammed Amin Khan Vizir, and returned 
to Dehli. Abdallah Khan being brought before him, the 
Emperor faid to him, 66 Traitor, fee what thou haft 
“ done !’* To which he anfwered, “ I took you out of 
“ Prifon, and gave you an Empire. My Brother being 
“ murdered by your Order, as I was at the Head of an. 
“ Army, SeJf-prefervation directed me to make Ufe of 
“ it , Providence decreed you the Vidtory, ufe it as you 
££ think proper, by treating this Clay as your Refentment 
“ or Intereft may prompt you.” Then the Emperor faid. 
to him, ££ What Harm had Furrukhfir done to you ?’* 
To which he anfwered , u He grew jealous of mine and 
££ my Brother’s Power-, and, as it was inconfrftent with 
£C our Intereft to refign it into his Hands, we thought] it 
tc dangerous to lofe any time in removing him. Had 
“ Providence permitted us to have been fo prudent hi- 
44 therto, we fhould not have come to this tragical End, 
££ but when Fate deftines one to Ruin, it begins by blind- 
t£ ing the Eyes of his Underftanding.” Then the Emperor 
1 We have not, fince this Emperor’s Reign, had any diftinft Account in Europe, of what has part in this Empire, and therefore the Reader murtbe 
content with a veryfummary Relation of thofe Matters here ; and indeed thefe Reigns themfelves are fo Ihort, that, except their Beginnings and End- 
ings, they contain little or nothing worthy of Notice. 
m This Firman, or Imperial Decree, is dated on the 4th of the Month Safer, in the fifth Year of the Emperor Mohammed Furrukhfir s Reign, that 
Is, on the 6th of 'January., 1716-17. It was follicited by Mr. John Surman, and an Armenian Merchant, on the Behalf of the E aft- India Com- 
pany, to whom it is a Thing of great C0nfe4uer.ce, and, at the fame time highly honourable for the Englijh Nation. 
Numb. 44. 8 D or- 
5 
