The HI ST OR T of the Book I. 
Divan, all the Gtnrahs alighted, and followed on foot to 
the Door of the private Divan, where Nadir Shah was 3 
there the Emperor cattle out of his Royal Litter and went in. 
After they had mutually embraced, they breakfafted to- 
gether, and the Omrahs likewife had Breakfaft given them. 
A little after the following Things were brought in for 
Mohammed Shah , viz. a Crown richly fet with Jewels, a 
Sir peach, or Fillet, to be Worn round the Turban like- 
wife fet with Jewels, a Bracelet richly adorned, a Girdle 
of great Value, two Swords, the Handles fet with Jewels, 
an enameled Cuttarry or Dagger. The Crown Nadif 
Shah put on with his own Hands, making him an Apolo- 
gy at the fame time. After giving him fome Advice he 
took leave of him 3 the Subitance of the Advice, was to this 
purpofe 3 44 In the firft Place, you mull feize all the Om- 
44 rahs and Jaguirs , and pay each of them according to 
their Manfubs and Rank, with ready Money out of the 
44 Treafury. You are to allow none to keep any Forces 
44 of his own, but you yourfelf are conftantly to keep 
44 Sixty thoufand chofen Horfemen, at fixty Rupees per 
4< Month, one with another 3 every ten Men to have one 
44 Dehbafhi, every ten Dehbafhis one Sudival, and every 
46 ten Sudivals one Hazzari. You ought to be well ac- 
44 quainted with the Merit of each, their Name, their 
44 Family, and Nation, not allowing any of them, Officers, 
44 Soldiers, or others, to be idle or inactive 3 when any 
44 Occafion may require, detach a fufficient Number under 
44 the Command of one whom you can truft for Conduft, 
44 Courage, and Fidelity-, and when that Bufinefs is over, 
44 recall them immediately, not letting any Perfons ftay 
44 too long in Command, for fear of bad Confequences. 
44 You are more particularly to beware of Nizam al 
44 Muluck , whom, by his Conduct, I find to be full of 
44 Cunning and felf-interefted, and more ambitious than 
44 becomes a Subject”. Mohammed Shah , knowing thefe 
Advices proceeded from Good-will, was very thankful, 
and defired him, as his Empire depended on him, that he 
would appoint thofe whom he thought moft deferving of 
the principal Polls. Nadir Shah faid, 44 That will not 
44 be at all for your Intereft, fuch Officers will have little 
41 Deference for you in my Abfence. When I am gone, 
44 difpole of every Poll to thofe whom you think moft 
44 worthy -, and fhould they, or any of them rebel, upon 
44 the firft Advice, I will fend a Perfon to chaftife them ; 
44 if it be neceffary, I will fend Forces, or, on Occafion, 
44 I can be with you myfelf in forty Days from Kandahar ; 
44 but, at all Events, don’t reckon me far off. ” Af- 
ter this, Mohammed Shah, taking Leave, returned back to 
Aeyjh Mahl , from whence he gave the Omrahs Leave to 
go home. On the Second of May, Nadir Shah fent for 
Nizam al Muluck , Sirbullind Khan , and the other Om- 
rahs, and having enjoined Obedience to Mohammed Shah , 
and threatened them, in cafe of Rebellion, took his Leave*. 
It was whifpered, that Nadir Shah declared before fome 
of his Omrahs, that he had afted indifcreetly in regard to 
two Things 3 one was, his giving the Empire to Moham- 
med Shah , who being unequal to fo grtfat a Talk, the Af- 
fairs of India would become worfe than formerly. The 
other his giving Quarter to Nizam al Muluck, who being fo 
very fubtile and crafty, it was more than probable, he would 
. raife a Difturbance 3 but, as according to the Decrees of 
Providence, and the Affiftance of their own good Fortune, 
he had once palled his Word to them, he would not aft 
contrary thereto. This fhews the Temper and Spirit of 
this Conqueror, and his Refolution to do nothing that 
might deftroy that Confidence which even his Enemies re- 
pofed in him. 
On the Fourth of May, 1739, began his March 
from Dehly , having firft iffued out ftrift Orders for all 
his Soldiers to join his Army, upon Pain of Death., 
which, with great Severity, he infiifted upon fuch as ftaid 
behind. Sixty of whom were difcovered, and fent after 
him, by the Command of Mohammed-Shah 3 a larger 
Number was afterwards collefted, and were likewife to 
have been fent to him 3 but upon Reflection, the Mogul 
Emperor declared in Council, thatasitwas morally certain 
thefe poor People would be likewife put to Death, he 
faw no Reafon why they fhould make themfelves acceftb- 
ry to the fhedding of fo much innocent Blood, and there- 
fore ordered thefe Deferters to' be fet at Liberty. Nadir- 
Shah, when he had once begun his March towards Perfta , 
profecuted it with great Diligence, that he might effectu- 
ally fecure the Vail Riches he had obtained, and to which, 
however, he made fome Acceffions. Some Days before 
he left Dehly, he fent Part of his Army before to Labor 3 
when they approached the Place, and Zekaria-Khan was 
apprized thereof, he called together all the great Men, 
Merchants, Serafs, and wealthy People of the City. At 
their Meeting it was agreed, that the Khan and they 
fhould go out of the City, and fend a MefTage to the 
commanding Officer, in thefe Words 3 44 If your Defign 
44 be to daughter the Inhabitants, lo ! we are here pre- 
44 fent. If Plunder be your Intent, the City is deferred, 
44 and our Effefts left there, or if Money be what you 
44 want, the Soubahdar and Citizens can raife no more 
44 than one Crore 3 fo whatever your Intentions or Orders 
44 are, that execute. This is a fmall City, and not able 
44 to withftand the Fury of an Army, as Dehly is. ” On 
the Receipt of this MefTage, the commanding Officer 
thought proper to reprefent the Affair to his Matter, who 
ordered him to receive the Crore of Rupees , and to mo- 
left them no further. After the Payment of the Money, 
amounting to 1,250,000/. he drew off, and joined the 
main Army upon their March. 
It is amazing, that fo fudden, fo extraordinary, and fo 
dreadful a Blow as was by this Invafion given to the Mo- 
gul Empire, did not awaken fuch as were entrufted with 
the Adminiftration of Affairs, to a juft Senfe of their Du- 
ty 3 and yet we are allured, that for almoft two Months after 
the Shah' s Departure, there were no Steps taken to reftify 
thofe Diforders in their Government, that had produced 
this melancholy Event 3 on the contrary, the Miniftry per- 
fifted in their Ill-will to each other, and were more Intent 
on the Means of promoting their feparate Interefts, or 
gratifying their particular Relentments, than in contriving 
any thing for the publick Good, or for reftoring their Af- 
fairs. Neither did this ftrange Elumour prevail among 
the Great only, but fpread like a peftilential Infeftion 
through all Ranks and Degrees of People. The Inhabi- 
tants, from the Terror of this Calamity, like People pof- 
fefled, and in Fits, were quite ftupified, and not come to 
themfelves 3 and what is ftill more ftrange (notwithftand- 
ing the Oppreffions and Difgrace the People of this Em- 
pire have met with fince Nadir-Shah' s Departure) the in- 
decent Expreffions and beaftly Aftions of his Soldiers, 
were the conftant Subjefts of Difcourfe, in all Companies, 
related with a feeming Satisfaction and Pleafure, and by 
way of Jeft and Drollery, not being the leaft affefted with 
the Refieftion on their paft Difgrace and Misfortunes, but 
on the contrary feemed forry for his going away r . 
It is impoffible to account for this, fince the LofTes 
they fuftained of all Kinds were incredibly great, for in 
gold and filver Coin, he carried away twenty-five Crores 
of Rupees , making upwards of thirty-one Millions of our 
x It is very evident, from this very Angular and curious Converfation, that, in the Opinion of Nadir Shah 7 nothing could fecure a Government 
like that of the Mogul’s, but a Handing and well-difdplined Army, conftantly kept on Foot, and as conftantly kept in good Order. The Reafon is 
not hard to find out : In Countries where the People have Liberty and Property, they have no Temptations, or, at leaft, very few, to endeavour 
to overturn that Conftitution, or form a Government, by which, or under which they enjoy fuch Advantages ; and in cafe their Country is invaded 
from abroad they are hearty and zealous in defending it. But in fuch Countries as are under arbitrary Princes, as none have either Liberty or Pro- 
perty, fo none but fuch as are hired to fight, will fight in Defence of that Power which belongs to one whom perhaps they fear, rather than love, 
or, as in this Cafe, neither fear him nor love him. , _ . „ ., ... 
y This is another Proof, that there is no political Diftemper fo hard to cure, 3s a rivetted Luxury and total Corruption. One would naturally ima- 
gine, that there could not be in Nature a better Remedy contrived, or at leaft one more effeftual than this, whicn was devifed by Nizam al Muluck, 
but even this we fee did not operate. While the Mifchief was upon them, they funk under it, and groaned under the immediate Senfe of their Suf- 
ferings, but like lethargick Patients, as foon as the Cauftick is withdrawn, they relapfe again into their former Condition, and fleep as found as ever. 
We may 5 however, venture to predict, that the DifTolution of this Government is at hand, and that it will not be long before we hear of In doji, an s 
being over-run by foreign Enemies, or a new Family railed to the Throne by fome fortunate Infurreflion. 
Money, 
