676 ! The HISTORY of the Book I. 
Envoy from Badur King of Cambay a , with Offers of yield- were, at length, fubdued to Spain by a great Victory ob- 
ing the Fort-refs into his Hands, which being accordingly tained over a Fleet of French Ships fent thither to mam- 
performed, it was committed to the Cuftody of Anthony tain them in the Obedience to Anthony. 
Si heir a. _ As this Subjection of the Portuguese to the Cafiilian^ 
Not long after, the King of Cambay a, at the Inftigation was very irkfome and odious to them, fo was it attended 
of the Turks , who were very defirous of getting Diu into with Confequences very fatal to their Interefts •, for, upon 
their Hands, made an Attempt to difpoffefs the Portu- the firft Commotions in the Low Countries, Philip judg- 
gueze, and recover the Place ; but with an unfortunate ing that one of the beft Expedients to quell them, wou?d 
Event he, with his Turkijh Auxiliaries, being entirely be, to deprive the Inhabitants of the Advantages they re- 
routed, moft of his Fleet funk, and himfelf received his ceived by Trade with Portugal and Spain? he prohibited 
Death’s Wound in the Engagement. Soon after this, So- all Commerce between them; for, in thofe Times, the 
lyman, the Turkijh Emperor, fent the Pasfha of Cairo to Butch Ships made no longer Voyages than to thefe Conn- 
befiege it, with a Fleet of fixty-two G allies, fix Galleons, tries, for the Commodities of India , with which they af- 
and other fmaller Veffels, having on Board four thoufand terwards fupplied the Northern Nations of Europe. But 
Janizaries, fixteen thoufand other Soldiers, befides Gun- Philip’s Defigns met with an Event very contrary to his 
ners, Seamen and Pilots, which, on their Arrival before Expectations, though they were laid very deeply, and pur- 
the Town, were joined by eighty Sail of Ships of Cam- fued with the utmoft Steadinefs, as well as Dexterity. The 
lay a. Conqueft of Portugal , indeed, carried along with it the 
The Turkijh Pasfha landing his Forces, battered the Conqueft of the Dominions of the Portuguese in the Eaji- 
Fortrefs with fixty Pieces of Cannon ; but the Governor Indies , and feemed to promife the Spaniards the entire and 
with great Bravery fuftained his Attack till the Arrival of quiet Poffeffion of both Indies : But the Project began 
Garfias de Noronha , the new Viceroy from Goa, to his Af- very foon to fail, for, in the firft Place, the Portuguese 
fiftance, who, by a Stratagem paffing thro’ the Enemies Governors paid no more than a forced Obedience to the 
Fleet with Drums beating and Trumpets founding, as if Crown of Spain', and in proportion to the Diftance of 
they had been fome of their Indian Allies, the Turks , their Settlements, the Governors were, more or lefs, cir- 
upon Difcovery of their Miftake, raifed the Siege in the cumfpeft as to their Conduft. On the other hand, the 
utmoft Confufion, leaving behind them their Tents, Am- Spaniards having many Affairs of their own to mind, 
munition. Artillery, and above a thoufand wounded Men, and very little, if any, Concern for the true Interefts of 
befides the like Number that were out on Foraging; all Portugal , the annual Fleets and regular Supplies were ne- 
which fell into the Hands of the Portuguese r . After the gieded, or, when fent, proved very far fhort of what 
Death of Badur before mentioned, Mamud became King they ought to have been. A -too quick Senfe of this Re- 
of the Cambayans , and John de Cajtro fucceeded Noronha laxation of Government, induced many who were vefted 
as the Portuguese Viceroy, in which Time the Cambayans with Authority in the Indies to make Ufe of it purely to 
and Turks made another Attempt on Diu, but with the ferve their private Purpofes, without regarding either the 
like Succefs as before, de Cajtro routing them both by Sea publick Welfare of their Country or the particular Benefit: 
and Land, with a very great Slaughter ; after which, he of fuch as were under their Protection, 
added feveral Works to the Place, and raifed a new Cita- But what contributed moft to the fpeedy Ruin of their 
del, in a more advantageous Situation, and of much bet- Affairs was, this Aft of Policy, by which Philip II. pra- 
ter Materials than the former. hibited, on their Rebellion, his Subjefts in the Low Coun- 
1 1. In this profperous Manner did th ^Portuguese carry all tries from trading to any Part of his Dominions, by which 
before them in India , during the Reign of John III. who he abfolutely forced them on the Meafures, by which they 
dying A. D. 1557, was fucceeded by Sebajtian, then an aggrandized themfelves at his Expence, If he had avoided 
Infant. That Prince growing up, was fo intent upon his this unlucky Prohibition, had treated his new Subjefts 
Indian Acquifitions, that he refoived on a Voyage thither kindly, and made a reafonable Provifion for Don Antonio 5 
himfelf ; and it was with Difficulty his Council found he might have fecured his Indies , and all their Wealth, 
Means to diffwade him from it. They did at length pre- which, well minded, and their Produce properly applied, 
vail on that Point ; but could not prevent his undertaking would, in a fhort Space of Time, have enabled him to put 
a Defign more hazardous than the former, viz. an Expe- all his ambitious Projefts into Execution. As it was the 
dition againft the Emperor of Morocco ; and he embark- Butch finding an abfolute Stop put to their profitable 
ing for that Purpofe with a great Army, and the Flower Trade in India Commodities, which hitherto they had 
of the Portuguese Nobility, on Board a numerous Fleet, bought in the Ports of Spain and Portugal , refoived, imme- 
fanded at Tangier , and unadvisedly marching up into the diately, to try if it was not poffible to go and fetch them 
Country, gave the Moors Battle near Alcacer, where he from the Indies direftly ; whereas, had they been per- 
was cut off with the whole Army mitted to have purchafed them in their accuftomed Man- 
He was fucceeded by Henry his Uncle, then in an advanced ner, this Defign had never been thought of, but the Corn- 
Age, whole Reign is remarkable for nothing but the Dif- merce of India had continued in its old Channel, without 
putes about a Succefforto him ; he dying A. B. 1580, Phi- Envy or Difturbance. 
Up II. King of Spain , who had Pretentions to the Crown, We have now condufted to its Cjofe, the firft Part of 
thought it moft expedient to end all Difputes by the Point this Seftion, and have fhewn how this Navigation was 
of the Sword ; and underftanding the great Inclination opened, improyed, and monopolized by the Portuguese , 
the Portuguese had (through Hatred of a CaJHlian Go- how their Conquefts in this Part of the World were made 
vernment) to fet Antonio , a natural Son of John III. up- and maintained, and how by entertaining and purfuing this 
on the Throne, he ordered the Duke of Alva to march at Scheme of diftant Expeditions, the fmalleft and moft in- 
the Head of a powerful Army into the Kingdom, who confiderable of all the Kingdoms o^, Europe, became one 
foon reduced it to his Obedience, forcing Antonio to with- of the richeft and moft potent, having it entirely in her 
draw to England ; from whence, after fome unfuccefsful own Power fo to have increafed her maritime Force as to 
Attempts to recover his loft Dominions, he retired to Paris, have had no Caufe to dread the Ambition of her Neigh- 
and died there A. D. 1595. The reft of the Territories of hours, or their united Endeavours to her Prejudice. Come 
that Crown fell, at the fame time, into the Hands of the we now to as clear an Explanation of the fecond Point, 
Conqueror, except the Azores, or weftern Hands, which which within the Compafs of this Seftion we propofed. 
' $ 
r This was one of the greateft and moft honourable Victories ever gain’d by the Arms of the Portugueze ; for it was not againft raw and unexpe- 
rienced Soldiers, or againft a General unacquainted with the Art of War, that this Effort was made, but againft a numerous and well difciplined Ar- 
iny, coxnpkatly furnifhed with every thing neceffary for carrying on the Siege. The Reputation of this Vidiory was no lefs advantageous than the 
Victory itfelf, fpreadftig over Afia, Africa and Europe ; fo that the French King, Francis I. fent into Portugal, to obtain the Picture of Sylvera , 
who had made this gallant Defence, in order to hang it up in his Cabinet of coafummate Officers. 
z The Lots of Don Sebaftian was fo fatal to the Portuguefe, and the perfonal Virtues of that Prince rendered him fo much beloved by his Subjects, 
that they could fcarce bring themfelves to believe (efpecially as his Body was never found) that he perifhed in this Action : Nay, it is the fettled Opi- 
nion of that Nation to this Hour, that he efcaped*; and it is certain, that a Perfon who called himfelf Sebajtian, appeared afterwards at Venice, 
where, at the Requeft of the King of Spain, he was feized, then examined in a full Senate, and defended himfelf fo well, that he was fet at Liberty-. 
He afterwards fell into the Hands of the Spaniards, who imprifoned him firft at Naples, and afterwards carried him into Spain , where he died in 
Confinement, affirming to the very laid, that he was no Impoitor, but the true King Sebaftian. 
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