Chap II. 
Portuguese Empire in the Eaft-Indies. •• 
their retaining ftill a Mixture of that Language with their 
own. The chief of thefe Principalities are thofe of Ligor 
on one Side, and §)uedah on the other ; but the People are 
fo barbarous, and perfidious, that the Europeans carry on 
fearce any Trade on their Coafts. 
The great Peninfula of Malacca , at the Time the For- 
tugueze came thither, was fubject to the King of Johor e , 
and by what Means the Viceroys of the Crown of Portu- 
gal were led to attack, and make themfelves Mailers of 
that City, we have already fhewn. After it came into 
their Plands, it changed its Condition entirely, and from 
being a Place of finall Account* in a fhort Time became 
famous all over India and Europe , lying almoft in the 
Centre of Trade, brought thither by fhipping from the 
rich Kingdoms of Japan , China , Formofa , Luconia , Fon- 
quin , Cochin-China * Cambodia , and Siam , befides what Jo- 
hor e produced, and Sumatra , Java , Borneo , Macajfar * 
Banda , Amboina , and Ferrate, Ifiands, that abound in 
valuable Commodities. After and Ormuz , this was 
by very far the richefl City in the Indies , and a great Mar- 
ket for all the different Commodities that thefe Countries 
produced. It was the Seat of a Bifliop, and the Cathedral 
Church of St. Paul was extreamly fine. They had be- 
fides, five other Parilh-Churches, and a noble College for 
the Jefuits, together with a Seminary* in which all new 
Converts to the Faith were inftrubled. The Whole was 
encompafled with a ftrong ftone Wall, regularly fortified 
with Baftions, the Place extreamly well peopled, and the 
Garrifon numerous, and well fupplied, becaufe the Portu- 
gueze confidered it as the Eaftern Frontier of their Do- 
minions. 
In 1605, the Butch, who were then beconie very po- 
tent in the Indies , attacked and deflroyed the Fleet of the 
Portugueze here, confifting of thirty-four Sail, on Board 
of which were three thoufand Men •, but they were not 
able to take the Place. The next Year, the King of Jo- 
hore invefted it with an Army of fixty-thoufand Men, in 
revenge of what the Portugueze had done againft him 
three Years before, when they took and deflroyed his Ca- 
pital ; but, however, he was obliged to raife the Siege 
With great Lofs. But the Butch , well knowing the Im- 
portance of the Place* and the vafl Advantages accruing 
to the Portugueze from its Situation and Commerce, the 
former affording them an Opportunity of levying 10 per 
Cent, upon all Veffels paffmg thro’ the Streights, and the 
latter producing annually a large Revenue, they attacked 
it in the Year 1640, fo vigorously* that they became Maf- 
ters of it after a Siege of fix Months. The Walls and 
Fortifications they preferred* as alfo the Church of St. 
Pauli but moil of the other Churches they have deftroy- 
-ed, and the great Hofpital they have turned into a Ware- 
houfe. The Language fpoken here is efleemed the moll 
copious and polite in the Indies , and therefore ferves as a 
kind of general Tongue through all the Ifiands and Pro- 
vinces farther towards the Eaft. In the Kingdom of Cam- 
bodia , or Camboya , the Portugueze have ftill a confidera- 
ble Trade, and they are likewife well received in Fonquin. 
As to their Settlements in the feveral Ifiands of the Eaft- 
Indies , in China, and in the Empire of Japan , we have 
fpoke of them fufficientlv already, under the Head of 
Difcoveries, and there is therefore no need of our infilling 
farther upon them here, as our View, at prefent, is no 
more than to fliew, iiow their principal Settlements were 
loft, and to whom, which having done, it may not be 
amifs to fay fomewhat of the W T ars carried on againft 
them in thefe Parts, by the Butch, and the Pretences they 
made ufe of for carrying them on. 
28. The Troubles in the Low Countries, which pro- 
duced a War between the Crown of Spain and the Repub- 
Jick of the United Provinces, began about 1570, and Eng- 
land interpofing in Favoilr of the States , their Povvef in- 
creafed to fuch a Degree, that they were not only able to 
defend themfelves againft Spain by Land, but to give that 
potent Monarchy inexpreffible Trouble by Sea. But this 
War feems to have no Relation to Portugal, and we do not 
hear of their attacking any butrhe Portugueze Settlements in 
the Eaft-Indies. In order to refolve this Difficulty,' we mutt 
remember that the Crown of Portugal was united to that of 
Spain in 1579, '°y which means Philip II. became Matter 
of both the Indies , and confequently the States of the united 
Provinces were as much at War with the Portugueze , who 
were Subjects to the King of Spain , as with any of the reft 
of his Subjedls •, and confequently this gave them a Right 
to attack the Portugueze Settlements both in the Eaft and 
Weft-Indies , which they profecuted with fuch Vigour, that 
they bid fair for becoming Matters of all that the Portugueze 
had poffeffed in either Indies. 
We have feen what mighty Acquifitiohs they made in 
the Eaft ; but it is neceffary to our Subjebl to obferve like- 
wile, that their W ft-India Company became in that Space 
of Time fo powerful, as to make almoft an entire Conqueft 
of Brazil. It is very evident from hence, that nothing but 
the Union ot the Crowns of Spain and Portugal could have 
afforded the Butch either a Pretence for attacking, or an 
Opportunity of reducing thefe Countries, both of which 
in a fingular Degree they from this Accident obtained. For 
as on the one hand, his Catholick Majefty had enough to 
do in defending his hereditary Dominions before this Ac- 
cefiion of the Territories of Portugal , fo he was tempted to 
apply the Revenues of that Crown to the immediate Wants 
ot the Spanijh Government, which we may conclude were 
very great, fince on his Death-bed he owned* that the 
Wars of the Low- Countries had coft him five hundred and 
fixty-foUr Millions of Ducats* which is upwards of one 
hundred and twelve Millions of our Money * whence it is 
eafy to perceive, that he could not fpare as much as was 
requifite for the Defence of the Portugueze Territories. On 
the other hand, the Portugueze themfelves, though they 
had been always diftinguifhed for their Loyalty to their 
natural Princes, were far enough from fhewing fo much 
Zeal in the Service of the King of Spain ; and it is very 
natural, when the Minds of private Men are entirely def- 
poiled of publick Spirit* for the Affairs of the State to fall 
into Confufion. 
But one would have imagined* thut after the Separa- 
tion of Portugal from Spain , which happened in the Year 
1 640, Things would have taken another Turn ; becaufe* 
with King John IV, the Butch had no Pretence of making 
War. To give the Reader a clear Idea of this Matter* 
We muff remember, that the Butch had taken Brazil from 
the King of Spain , or rather from the Portugueze * while 
they were his Subjects * but afterwards that Nation confi- 
dering this as an Injury not to be born, attempted to 
drive the Butch our, notwithflanding the Treaty concluded 
between the States and the King of Portugal in 1641, 
which, to fay the Truth, had been but indifferently ob~ 
ferved on both Sides 1 * that is to fay, the Butch had en- 
croached upon the Portugueze in the Eaft-Indies , and 
they, on the other hand, gave the Butch little or no Ref- 
pite in Brafil, out of which, in ten Years Time, they drove 
them entirely. 
About this Time died King John IV. and left his Son 
Alphonfo VI. a Minor, which Advantage the Butch took 
to declare War againft the Crown of Portugal , from a 
Perfuafion that this Opportunity of regaining what they 
had loft in the Weft, and profecuting their Conquefts in the 
Eaft-Indies , was not to be loft, the rather, becaule Por- 
tugal was at that Time engaged in a dangerous War with 
Spain, and the Butch had lately concluded a Peace with 
that Crown. It was in confequence of this new War, that 
y At the Time the Portuguese delivered themfelves from the Spanijh Yoke, the Dutch were employed, as we have already {hewn, in reducing th® 
Ifland of Ceylon , and made ufe of Abundance of Artifices, in order to profecute the Advantages they had gained, notwithflanding the Peace 
con- 
cluded between the States General and the Crown of Portugal in Europe', neither did they debit from their Boftilities, even after the Peace was pro- 
claimed in the Indies, but continued to give the Portugueze almoft as much Trouble as while the War continued. This they did, under Pretence of 
being Allies, or Auxiliaries to fuch Indian Princes as were at War with the Portugueze ; and where this Pretence was wanting, "they took Care by 
their Emiffaries, to Itir up new Wars, and under Pretence of reftoring the Indians to their Freedom, contrived Things fo as to engage them in long 
and Woody Wars, which had no other End, than to oblige them to change their Mailers, with this Difference only, that whereas the Portuguese en- 
deavoured to keep large Countries, and to oblige the Indian Princes to pay Homage to the King of Portugal, the Dutch contented themfelves with 
the Sea- Coafts, and forbidding thofe Princes to trade with any other Nation; fo that their Slavery was equally great,- tho’ not always equally apoa« 
rent ? which ever Side prevailed! ' - * 7 rr 
the 
