75 1 The Remarks, &c. of John Albert de Mandelfloe Book I, 
tion. It is fubdivided into feveral Provinces, the chiefeft 
of which are Pula, and Palm , which have formerly been 
dignified with' the Title of Kingdoms, Texeira mentions 
a certain Province called Utrat , but gives us no more than 
the bare Name ; and what lie fays of the Kingdom of 
■ Caeche , viz, that it lies near Cambay a to the North, and is 
famous for the excellent Breed of Race-horfes it produces, 
can be underftood : of ; ho other than the Province of Can- 
difch . 
The whole Extent of the Mogul’s Territories is from 
Eaft to W eft 600 French Leagues, and from North to 
South 700, its uttermoft Frontiers to the South being at 
,20°, and to the North 43 0 . The Province of Guzarat lies 
Weftward along the Sea-fide, in the Form of a Peninfula, 
having on each Side a Gulph,or Bay, one whereof is eight 
Leagues broad at the Entrance, and grows narrower and 
narrower for forty Leagues. Thence it is bounded to the 
North by the Provinces of Soret, ^ uifmer , and Bando, to 
the Eaft by thofe of Chitor and Bando, and to the South 
by the Kingdom of Decan ; tho’ its Extent was much 
larger formerly, yet does it comprehend above 20,000 
Cities, Towns and Villages, the chiefeft whereof lying, 
near the Sea-fide, are Sural , Broitchia , Gandeer, Goga , 
Cambay a, Diu , Pat ay at an , Mangelor, Gondore , Naffa- 
ry, Gandivi , and Balfara . It has three noted Rivers, viz. 
the Nadabat , which pafies near Broitfchia , the Tapta, and 
the JVafet ; two of the belt Harbours of the Indies , viz. 
that of Surat , and of Cambay a. For Fertility this Pro- 
vince may alio challenge the Precedency before any of the 
Indies , moil of the adjacent Provinces being iupplied 
thence with Fruits and Provifions. Tho’ the great Drought 
in 1640, and the enfuing Rains, did .almoft lay this. Pro- 
vince defdate, which however it has iuificiently recovered 
fince but it is Time to return to our Relation. 
1 1 . The Perfian Servant, whom I had brought along 
with me from Ifpahan , being born of Chriftian Georgian 
Parents, had given me fome hopes, of returning to the Chri- 
ftian Faith, ’which was the Reafon that I treated him with 
more than ordinary Civility, and allowed him four Crowns 
Wage's per Month ; but I was much furprized to underftand 
that the young Fellow, in hopes of getting better Prefer- 
ment by the Alliftance of an Uncle of his, who was Matter 
of the Horfe to the Great Mogul, was gone to Agra , and 
could not but be perfuaded that his Intention of leaving me 
thus on a fudden, was in part to betray me into the Hands 
of the Indians , he being not ignorant of what had happened 
betwixt them and our People at Ifpahan ; but I had after- 
wards great Reafon to admire God’s Providence in fend- 
ing him, as it were, on purpofe thither to fave me ; for 
without him I had certainly been loft at Agra , as. will ap- 
pear by the Sequel of this Relation. 
In May we received News that the Khan of Candahar 
had revolted, and furrendered the Place to the Mogul, who 
had fent five hundred thoufand Crowns as a Reward for 
him and the Garriibn. June the 16th we went a Hunting 
with a Dutch Merchant, and another Engliffman , crofs the 
River to a Place called Reneal, where the Dutch have a 
Warehoufe, and being nobly treated there that Night, went 
the next Day to a Village called Bodick, where we killed 
divers wild Ducks, and a Hern •, we faw alfo a great Num- 
ber of Deer with gray Skins, but chequered all over with 
white Spots. Their Horns were very fair, and had feveral 
Brow Antlers ; fome were enclining to a dark brown, 
checquered likewife with white Spots, with very fine Horns, 
and of the Bignefs of our Roe-bucks ; fome are of Opinion, 
that they are of the kind which produce the Bezoar. 
All the Fields have a fmail Dike raifed about them here 
to keep in the Water, the Rice requiring abundance of 
Moifture. Here we alfo drank fome Liquor they draw out 
of the Palm-tree, by making an Incifion in the Bark on the 
Top of the Tree, unto which they fallen an Earthen Vcf- 
fel, into which the Liquor diftils ; it is very fweet, but 
foon turns four. 
The City of Surat lies in 21 0 42' upon the River Tapia , 
which arifingnear Barampour, falls into the Sea four Leagues 
below Surat, which is built four-fquare upon the very Banks 
of the River. It has no Fortifications on the River Side, 
but is provided with a good Stone Rampart on the Land- 
fide, and the Caftle is all of Free-ftone. It has three Gates, 
one leading to the Village of Briou , the fecond to Baram-* 
pour, and the third to Naffary. All the Houfes are fiat on 
the Top, and have generally good Gardens. The Caftle has 
no more than one Gate, which looks into the Great Mar- 
ket-place ; not far thence is the Governor’s Palace, and the 
Cuftom-houfe, The Governor of the Caftle has not the 
leaft Dependance on the Sultan, whofe Bufinefs is the Ad- 
miniftration of Juftice, and to look after the Cuftoms. 
All Merchandizes exported or imported pay three and aii 
half per Cent, here, except Silver coined or uncoined, which 
pays no more than Two per Cent. Both the Englijh and 
Dutch have very fair Houfes called Lodges, well provided 
with Chambers, Halls, and Galleries. 
X he Uaroour of Surat is about two Leagues from the 
City, near the Village of Suhaly , where Ships are un- 
laden, and Commodities brought thence to Surat by Land- 
Carriage. The Haven lies in 2 1° 50' upon the Courfe of 
Morth-Eaft and South- W eft ; the Entrance is narrow, and 
at bigh^ Water not above feven Fathom deep, at low but 
five: The Elarbour itfelf being not above five hundred 
Paces broad, a Tandy Bottom, with ftiarp and fteep Banks, 
which are almoft dry at low Water ; it is, however, fafe 
anchoring here, there being no Danger but from the South- 
Weft Wind, except from May to September , when there is 
no flaying here by reafon of the furious Tempefts. Mott 
Ox the Inhabitants of Surat are either Banyans , Bramins , or 
Moguls ; the lafl are more refpeefted than the reft, as being 
Mohammedans , and becaufe they always apply themfelves 
to Arms, as on the contrary, the Banjans make Traffick 
tneii cnief Bufineis, and are much addidled to Religion, 
of whom we (hall have occafion to fay more hereafter. 
Befides thefe, fome Arabians , Perfians , Armenians , Turks, 
and Jews, are Inhabitants here, but the meft confiderable 
of all Foreigners here are the Engliff and Dutch, who 
have their Settlements, Directors, Merchants, and Clerks ; 
efpecisdly the Englijh, who have made this the chief 
Place of their Trade in the Indies. All the other Fadlo- 
ries they have at Agra, Ifpahan, Mufilipatan, Cambay, A- 
madabat, Brodra, and Broitfchia , having a Dependance on 
that of Surat, and are obliged to be accountable to their 
chief Director refid ing in this City ; and there is fcarce an 
Englijh Ship, which either going, or coming into thefe 
Parts, does not touch at Surat, ft he Country round a- 
bout this City is very delightful, being adorned with a va ft 
Number of Gardens and Fruit-trees, and among the reft, 
I obferved hereabouts one of thofe Trees, the Branches of 
which take Root afrefii in the Ground mentioned in the 
Defcription of Gambron. Among other things, I faw a 
large Ciftern of Free-ftone, eight fquare, having at each 
Angle a Pair of Stairs, and in the midft of it a moft 
fumptuous Sepulchre, in which the Founder is buried; 
this Ciftern is lb large, that it fupplies the whole City with 
Water. 
About the 12th of September then the Tempefl began, 
to ceafe, two Engliff) Ships arrived in the Port • of Surat, 
called the Difcovery , and the Mary, the firft 1600 Tuns 
Burthen, 28 Guns, and ipo Men; and the fecond of 1200 
Puns, carrying 48 Guns. We were very generoufly enter- 
tained aboard them for eight Days together, our conftant 
Employment being to go afliore every Day a Hunting, 
and to return on Board at Night. The 24th of the fame 
Month arrived two other Ships, one a Dutchman of 1400 
Tuns, bound from Batavia to Holland , the other an En- 
g liff V effel called the Swan. We were likewife very gene- 
roully entertained on Board them, the Dutch Veflfel being 
both the biggeft and the bell contrived of any Ship that 
ever came out of Holland ; with thefe, and fuch like Di- 
vertifements, I palled my Time pleafantly enough at Su- 
rat : But underitanding it would be feveral Months before 
the Engliff would be ready for their Departure, I refolved 
to take the Opportunity of a certain Caravan, fent by the 
Engliff to Amadabat , under a Convoy of fome Englijh 
Soldiers, to take a View of the Great Mogul’s Court. 
12. Thinking myfelf thus fufficiently guarded againft 
the Raffpoots, I left Surat the laft of September , and join- 
ing with the Caravan, we took our Way towards Broit- 
fchia, eroding the River at the Village of Briu. Four 
Leagues thence, we palled by Cattodera , and afterwards 
by Entr differ, where we killed abundance of wild Ducks, 
and 
