772. The Remarks,,^, of John Albert de Mandelfloe Book! 
■whole thirty Pounds and an half, at the Rate of fixteen 
Ounces in the Pounds a Geer containing ten Peyfes , a kind 
of brafs Money' weighing twelve Ounces. Their Ells are 
of two kinds, the leffer amounts to no more than half a 
French Ell, and a fixteenth Part, and nineteen of their 
large Ells make thirteen Ells and three Quarters of the 
fame Meafure. They have alfo no more than two Forts 
of Money, viz. the Mamoudies , and Roupees ; the Ma- 
moudies being coined of Silver, of a bafe Allay, go no far- 
ther than Surat , Brodra , Broitfchia , Cambay a, and thole 
Parts, and are worth about one Shilling Sterling ; ' but the 
Roupees Chagam , which are worth about a French Half- 
Crown, and made of very good Silver, pals current all 
over the Indies. The Peyfes we fpoke of are their Copper 
Money, twenty-fix of which make a Mamoudy, , and forty- 
five a Roupee. They count alfo with Almonds, thirty-fix 
whereof make a Peyfe, and with certain Shells, found by 
the SeaTide, eighty whereof make a Pey/e. 'They ac- 
count Spanifo Pieces, of Eight and Rixdollars equivalent to 
five Mamoudies , becaufe they make great Advantage of 
them in their Mints. The Perfian Larri s, which are very 
good Silver, are alfo much efteemed here. They have a 
golden Coin called Xeraploins , worth about thirteen Rou- 
pees. The Chequins and Venetian Ducats are current here, 
and are reckoned to be worth eight and a half, or nine 
Roupees , according to the rifing or the falling of the 
Change. 
As there is abundance of counterfeit Money here, and 
all over the Indies , fa fcarce any Sum is received but in 
tne Shops of the Changers called Xaraffa’ s , which are at 
the Corners of every Street. Thefe feciire the Receipt of 
the Money for a fmall Matter, and are fo expert, that no, 
counterfeit Money can elcape their Hands undifcovered. 
Their Way of computing Sums is by Lacs, which cbnfift 
of 100,000 Roupees , and two of thefe Lacs make a Crore , 
or Caroa , and ten Carol's an Arab ; a Theil of Silver 
makes eleven, twelve, or thirteen Roupees , one Ma/fas and 
an half, a Iheil of Silver, and ten of thefe a Theil of 
Gold. No Coin, whether Gold, Silver, or Brafs, mull 
be exported out of the Kingdom, on pain of Death. Be- 
fides what we have faid of the Products of Guzarat , it is 
very fertile in Wheat, Rice, Peafe, Beans, Barley, Millet, 
Turky Wheat, Flax, Muftard-feed, Oil, Butter and Cheefe, 
the lafb of which is fomewhat fait and dry. Their Wheat 
is larger than ours. They don’t bake their Bread in Ovens, 
but upon iron Plates, and the Banyans in Frying-pans. 
23. Their Beans and Peas are lefs, but much more de- 
licate than ours, efpecially their red Chiches, wherewith in 
many Places they feed their Horfes, Oxen, and Buffaloes, 
inftead of Oats, a Grain not much ufed in the Eaftern 
Parts. They fow in May, and their Harveft is in Sep- 
tember and November : They cut no Grafs, but confume it 
green. . As the Mogul is the foie Proprietor of all the 
Lands in his Empire, fo the Peafants, when Seeding-time 
appears, muff make their Application to the Governor 
of the Province, and agree with him for fo much Ground 
as he thinks he is able to Tow for that Year, for the Ufe 
of which he pays a third Part, and fometimes an half, 
which is the Reafon that moft of the Gounds lie fallow, 
there being but few that think it worth their while to ma- 
nure them at fo an expenfive a Rate. T heir Gardens are 
well flocked with Pot-herbs of all forts, as Lettice, Suc- 
cory, Sorrel, Parfiey, Radifhes, Cabages, Cucumbers, 
Citruls, Garlick, Onions, Parfnips, and, above all, with 
the moft delicious Melons in the World. 
They don’t value their Flowers here fo much for their 
Scent as their Colour, the Rofe only excepted, the Scent 
of which is much admired. The Flowers called Mogaci 
and Scampe, have alfo a very agreeable Smell ; notwith- 
standing which they are admired by the Women for their 
Colour, the firft being a delicious white, and the latter yel- 
low : They hold all the Year round, as does the Grafs here, 
unlefs it be dried up by the exceffive Heat of the Summer? 
feafon. Befides their Lemons, Citrons, Pomegranates, and 
other irees fufficiently known in Europe , they have thofe 
called Anana, Bananees, Jaccas, Cecos, and. Indian Fig-trees. 
They have alfo a kind of Vines about Surat , the Grapes 
of which are not fo big as thofe of Perjia, and are fold 
at a dear Rate. 
- -Their borefts in thefe Parts harbour, among other Crea- 
tures, a kind of Wild-dogs, called Jacalls , no body dare 
hurt them no more than any other Beafts that are yellow 
or blacky under pain of Death, they being feferved for 
the King’s Sport, or the Governor’s of the Province. 
I he indian Horfes are in no wife comparable to thofe or 
Perjia and Arabia , yet they are very careful in keeping 
them j they commonly feed them with thofe Peafe they 
Call Chiches, which they bruile and boil every Kfornin°' and 
Evening, and give them a Pafte made of two Pound 
of Barley-meal, half a Pound of Butter, and as much 
Sugar. 
Their Oxen ate hot different from ours in Shape, ex- 
cept that they have a large Bunch betwixt their Shoulders. 
The poorer fort of Mohammedans eat abundance of Beef 
and Mutton; but the better fort feed upon Kids, either 
roafted with a Pudding of Rice, Almonds, and Raifins 
in the Belly, or ftew them with Butter and Pepper. 
They alfo have Perfian Sheep with fat Tails, but they are 
very rare and ufed feldom.j- but at great Entertainments 
they have Fowls, Capons, Geefe, Wild-Ducks Peacocks, 
Teal, Partridges, Pidgeons, Sparrows, to which we might 
add, Eagles, Falcons, Hawks, and other Birds of Prey. 
They are not deftitute of River-fifti, fuch as Carps, Eels, 
&c. but their Salt-fifh is extraordinary good and cheap 
there, becaufe the Mohammedans prefer Flefh before Fifh, 
and the Pagans don’t eat it at all : They have alfo Oifters 5 
Crabs, and Prawns. It is obfervable, that whereas in 
Europe all forts of SHell-filh are belt at the Full-moon, 
here they are belt. at the New-moon, and empty at the 
Full-moon. 
24. Their Veffels are generally Tightly built, and their 
great Guns kept above Deck. They feldom venture any 
farther than to Java and Sumatra , or to Aden and to Mec- 
ca upon the Red-Sea, whither they go with a vaft Num- 
ber of Pilgrims in the Beginning of March, and return 
'not till the Middle of September , for- fear of the Tempefts, 
which from June' till that Month are very violent in that 
Coaft, whereas otherwife this Voyage might be perform- 
ed ^ in two Months, They carry to the Coaft of Aden 
Calicoes, Indico, Camphi're, Tobacco, Allum, Sulphur, 
Benjamin, Pepper, and many other Spices, Mirobalaris, 
and many other Preferves ; in lieu of which they brino- 
back Coral, Amber, a certain red Dye called Miffet^ 
Coffee-berries and Opium ; but their beft Returns are in 
ready Cafh. 
Their Coafting Veffels, which go to Cambay a arid 
Broitfchaia , and fometimes to Perfia , go away in January 
and February, and return in April or May, and bring along 
with them Brocades, Silk, Stuffs, Velvets, Camblets^ 
Pearls, Almonds, Raifins, Nuts and Dates, but efpeci- 
ally Rofe-water. Their Ships that go to Achen in the Ifle 
of Sumatra , are of two or three hundred Tons Burthen, 
carrying thither the Produfts of their Country, in lieu of 
which they bring back Brimftone, Benjamin, Camphire, 
Porcelain, Tin, and Pepper : They fail in May, and re- 
turn in October. T he Malabar s can alfo drive a great Trade 
at Surat , Cambaya , and Broitfchaia. They bring thither 
Bark of Cocoa- trees, which is ufed for making Cordage, 
the Pith of the fame Tree, Arreca and Bede, a kind 
of Wood which dyes Red, called by them Patang and 
Harpus, which they ufe for caulking their Ships, befides 
Rice and other Provifions. Thefe they exchange for 
Opium, Saffron, Coral, Calicoes, and other Stuffs. They 
come to the Coaft of Surat in December , and return in 
April. Formerly the Portugueze ufed to be the foie Ma- 
ilers of the Trade of Guzurat , by means of their Forts 
at Daman , Diu , and Goa ; but fince the Englifh and 
Dutch have made their Settlements in thefe Parts, they 
have been forced to confine their Trade to Goa. 
25. Thefe Travels and Voyages will fufficiently juftify 
the Charadfer we have given of them and of their Author, 
at the fame time that they will fully anfwer our Intention 
in affording a clear, inftrudtive, and entertaining Defcrip- 
tion of one of the fineft Countries in India , as well as of 
the feveral Nations that inhabit it. There is a Freedom and 
Plainnefs in our Author’s Stile, that as they are mfeparable 
from, fo they are the fureft and moft inconteftable Signs 
of Truth, which, in Works of this Nature, is of greater 
% Value 
