784 The Voyages and Ohfervations of J. A . de Mandelfloe, Book L 
' The whole Ifland Is divided into ten Kingdoms, of 
which thofe of Achen , Peder y Pacem, Camfararn , Zande and 
Manambe , lying on the Sea-fide on this Side the Line, are 
only known to foreigners. Thofe who have travelled thi- 
ther, more for Profit than Curiofity, having made but lit- 
tle Search into its inland Provinces, of which the Portu- 
guese give us an Account only of two, viz. that of Andi- 
gidan and Arunan. The Dutch have alfo difcovered the 
Kingdom of Polymbam beyond the Line, where they have 
fettled themfelves at prefent. The Kings of Achen are alfo 
Mailers of Peder and Pacem , which includes all the Nor- 
thern Coafls of the Ifle. The City of Achen is feated in a 
fpacious Plain, upon a broad, but (hallow River, being 
fcarce paffable by fmall Boats. It has neither Fortification 
nor Gates % their Houles are built upon Piles, and covered 
with the Leaves of Cocoa-trees. The Royal Palace Hands 
in the Centre of the City, which being well palifadoed 
and flanked, commands the whole Town, and has feven 
Gates. The Natives are of an olive Colour, and very flat 
faced ; their Garments are only a Calicoe Gown, a filk Shirt, 
and a Turban on their Heads of the fame Stuff. The King 
is ferved by Women and Eunuchs, and is a Mohammedan , 
as well as all the reft of the Inhabitants near the Coaft of 
Sumatra. They begin their Lent at the New-moon in 
the twelfth Month, which ends at the fame Time in the 
next. They have no Corn, but Rice in great Plenty, as 
alfo Beves, Buffaloes, Goats, and Sheep ; the laft of which 
no body has the Privilege to breed except the King. They 
abound alfo in Oranges, Lemons, Bonanas, Tamarinds, 
Batalas, Radifhes, Spinage, and Lettic^s. Their ordina- 
ry Drink is Water, but they make a kind of Aqua Vit*> 
or Arrack of Cocoas. 
The Ifle of Sumatra produces a peculiar Tree called 
Singadi by the Malayans , and Arbor trifle de Dio by the 
Portugueze. It is full of Branches with Knots, and fprouts 
forth two Leaves like Plumb-leaves, except that they are 
fmall like Sage, and are covered with a whitifh Down : 
Each of thefe Leaves hath its Bud, which thrufts forth 
fmall Heads, having four round Leaves *, each Head pro- 
duces five Flowers in a Clufter, the fifth being exactly in 
the Middle ; they are as white as Snow, of the Bignefs of 
an Orange-flower, and blow in the Twinkling of an Eye, 
as foon as the Sun is fet ; and when it rifes again the next 
Morning, the Flowers, which have continued all Night, 
drop in an Inftant. Thus the Tree continues till Sun-fet 
again, when it opens, and produces the Flowers in the fame 
manner as before, and calls them again at the firft Appear- 
ance of that Planet, which invigorates all other Vegetables. 
The Cocoas, of which there are four kinds, are very com- 
mon in this Ifland. The Tree which bears the Cocoa- 
Nuts grows very high, but not above a Foot Diameter in 
Bulk. It has not a Branch but at the Top, where it fpreads 
like a Bate-tree, and thefe don’t produce the Fruits, which 
grow ten or twelve in a Clufter out of the Body of the 
Tree. The Flower refembles that of a Chefnut. This 
Tree is of tiniverfal Ufe in the Indies. In the Maldives 
Elands they build whole Ships without any thing but what 
is furnifhed by the Cocoa-tree. The outward Rind af- 
fording them a kind of Hemp for their Cordage and Ca- 
bles, and, the Leaves with Materials for Sails, and the Co- 
vering of their Houfes ; befides that, they ufe them for 
the making of Umbrella’s, Fans, Tents, Mats and Hats!. 
The Fruit is of the Bignefs of an Oftrich’s Egg, and the 
outward Rind, which refembles that of our "Walnuts when 
dried, affords the Hemp we fpoke of before. If they ga- 
ther it before the Nut is come to full Maturity, it affords 
about a Quart of very pleafant Liquor, which if kept in the 
Snell, by degrees turns to a kind of a Kernel, which be- 
comes yellow, and is of a very good Tafte, and exceed- 
ing wholefome. 
4 keir Toddy, or Palm Wine, they draw from the Tree, 
whilft it is in Bloffom, and pulling off the Flower, they 
Mten it to an Earthen Veffel well flopped, into which runs 
a Liquor, refembling in Tafte and Colour our "Whey : This 
when boiled is called Toddy, and fet in the Sun, turns to 
Vinegar immediately • and if diftilled, makes a kind of 
Aqua ViPtfi The Pith of the Tree, as it is very white, 
.furni flies; the Indians with Paper. The fecond kind is 
called by the Portugueze Arrequeiro , from the Araca it pro- 
duces. The Bananas, or Indian Fig-tree, is alfo very com- 
mon in this Ifle j it may rather be called a Shrub than a 
Tree, as having no Body, but grows to a Man’s Height. 
It brings forth Leaves before it comes to a Foot high, but 
theie wither and fail, and others fprout forth in their Head, 
till fuch time the Plant arrives at its full Growth, and the 
Fruit to its Maturity, which is in Shape and Colour like 
our Figs, being of a yellow green, which being gathered, 
and hung on a Nail, will ripen in four or five Days. In 
the Middle of the Leaves comes a Flower of a Violet Co- 
lour, of the Bignefs of an Oftrich’s Egg, whence fprouts 
forth a kind of a Branch not unlike a Cabbage-Stalk, loa- 
den with a Bunch of Figs : One Stalk produces no more 
than ope Bunch (but of near an hundred Figs) at a Time j 
but being cut clofe to the Ground, another /brings out, and 
bears Fruit in one Month, and continues to do fo through 
the whole Year. The Leaves of the Tree are fix Foot 
long, and a Foot and half broad, and the Fruit feven or 
eight Inches long, and as big as a good Cucumber ; the 
Figs are inclofed in Hulks, which are very nourifliing, and 
eat inftead of Bread. 
The Pepper of Sumatra is next tg that of Cochin , the 
befl of all the Indies •, it is commonlfplanted at the Root 
of Trees, or propped up with Canes as we do our Hops ; 
the Leaves are not unlike that of the Orange-tree, but 
fomewhat lefs. The Fruit grows in little Bunches like 
Juniper-berries. It is green whilft upon the Tree, but 
grows black after it is dried, which is done in December 
and January. The white Pepper does not grow in fuch 
abundance here, and Bengal is the only Country that pro- 
duces long Pepper. It is certain, there is more Pepper con- 
fumed in the Indies than in Europe , becaufe the Indians 
put Handfuls of it in their Sauces, but not beaten or 
ground. 
12. The Jfland of Java Major is divided from Sumatra 
to the South-Eaft only by the narrow Streight of Sunda z 
Its Length is fifty Leagues, and feme fancied it part of the 
Continent, which extends to the Streights of Magellan „ 
commonly called Terra Auftralis. Julius Scaliger was not; 
m the Wrong of it when he called it the Epitome of the 
World ; it being certain, that there is no Animal, Fruit, 
Metal, or Drug, but what is found here in greater Plenty 
than in any Part of the Univerfe. 
The Inhabitants deduce their Origin from the Chine fe 5 
and, to /peak truth, their large Foreheads and Brows, and 
little Eyes, refemble much that Nation. Each Town of 
Note in Java has its peculiar Prince, and now they are all 
Sovereigns independant one of another. The Kings of Ban- 
tam and Pallambuam are at prefent the moil potent, the laft 
of which has given the Name to the Streight that divides 
the Ifle of Java and Bala. Ten Leagues to the North is 
the City of Panarucan , near which is a burning Mountain. 
The King of Panarucan and Palambuam are Pagans •, but 
the King of the City of Pajfaracan , fix Leagues from Pa- 
name an , is a Mohammedan. Ten Leagues to the Weft is 
the City of Joartam y noted for its convenient Harbour upon 
a River, where the Ships going from the Moluccas to Ban- 
tam commonly touch, to take in frefh Water and Provi- 
ftons. - Upon the fame River lies the City of Gorki . The 
City of Surabaca has its proper King, under whofe Jurifi- 
dibtion is alfo the City of Brandam , fix Leagues thence to 
the Weft. He keeps his Court at Sidaya, which is well forti- 
fied,. but deftitute of a fafe Harbour. Ten Leagues more 
to the Weft lies the City of Taboan , next to Bantam the 
moft confiderable of the Ifle, and five Leagues farther to 
the North-Weft the City of Cajam. Mandalicaon is inha- 
bited only by Fithermen. Five Leagues farther to the 
Weft; is the City of Japara , upon a Neck of Land, which 
runs out three Leagues into the Sea. Twenty-five Leagues 
hence, and forty- five from Bantam , lies Matram , or Ma~ 
tavam , a great City, and the Refidence of a powerful King, 
who once pretended to the Sovereignty over all the reft of 
the Ifland, and {fill ftiles hirnfelf Emperor of Java. 
Five Leagues to the Weft of Japara lies the City of 
Pata % and three Leagues farther that of Dauma , both under 
the Jurifdiclion of the King of Matram , as well as that of 
Tagal in the fame Bay. The next is the fair and ftrong 
City of Charabaon , feated upon a River, by which you pals 
to the Cities of Daunago and Monucadon. , and fo thro’ the 
Village 
