The Roads to the fever al Roads of India, Book L 
From Cab out the Road lies through Bariabe , Nimela , 
Aliboua , 2" aka^ Kiamri , Chaour , and Novechaar , to Atech , 
a City fituate upon a Point of Land, where two Rivers 
meet together. It is one of the belt and ftrongeft Garrifons 
the Great Mogul has, and no Stranger is permitted to enter 
into it without a Pafsport from the King. From hence you 
pafs to Calapane^ and fo to Roup ate , T oulapeca , Keralay , 
Zerabad , and Imiabad , to Labor. This City is the Me- 
tropolis of a Kingdom, built upon the River Rava^ which 
is one of the five Rivers, which defending from the Moun- 
tains, fwell the River Indus , and give the Name of Peniab , 
or Five Rivers , to all the Region they run through. 
It lies in 31° 50'; the River having a very flat Channel, 
is fallen off from the Town above a League, and being 
fubjedt to overflow, does a great deal of Mifchief in the 
Country. The City is large, and extends itfelf above a 
League in Length. It was a very pretty Place when the 
Kings kept their Courts there, having many Mofques, 
publick Baths, Caravanfera’s, Squares, Tanques, Palaces 
and Gardens ; but all thefe, with the greateft Part of the 
Houfes, are fallen to Ruin, by reafon of the exceflive Rains, 
which have wafhed down many of them. The Caftle re- 
mains ftill, for it is ftrongly built. It hath twelve Gates, 
three towards the City, and nine towards the Country, and 
the Palace which is within it, has not yet loft its Beauty. 
There are a great many Pictures upon the Walls, repre- 
fenting the «A6lions of the Great Mogul, and his Fore- 
fathers, all promifcuoufly painted •, and on one Gate is the 
Picture of a Crucifix, and on another the Virgin Mary , not 
out of any Kindnefs to the Chriftian Religion, but to flatter 
the Portugue ze. 
The Inhabitants are moft of them Gentiles , and fo there 
are many Pagods in the Town, of which fotne are adorned 
well, and all are raifed feven or eight Steps from the 
Ground. The Province about it is one of the largeft and 
moft plentiful in the Indies , the Rivers that run through it 
rendering it moft fertile in Rice, Corn, and Fruits. The 
Wine alfo is pretty good, and the Sugars the beft of all 
Indoftan. All forts of painted Cloths, and other Indian 
Manufactures, are wrought here, and it is faid that this 
Province yields the Mogul a Revenue of thirty-feven Mil- 
lions yearly, which is a Proof of its great Trade and Fruit- 
fulnefs. From Labor to Agra there is one continued Walk 
of Trees, called Achy Trees, which have long and thick 
Branches, which cover the whole Way, though thefe 
Cities be one 'hundred and fifty Leagues diftant one from 
the other. It was planted by King Gebanguis , but is not 
kept up. 
At FanaJJar , a Town in this Province, is a Convent of 
Gentiles , who are called Nartias ; they have a General, 
Provincial, and other Superiors, and fay, that it is above 
two thoufand Years fince they were founded ; they vow 
Obedience, Chaftity, and Poverty. They obey the leaft 
Signal of their Superiors, and will not look a Maid or Wo- 
man in the Face. They live on Alms, which is begged 
for them every Day at the Houfes of the Gentiles of their 
Tribes, and will leave nothing till the Morrow. They 
make but one Meal a Day, and that is about Noon ; and 
though they are never fo thirfty, or hungry, muft not eat 
nor drink till the fame time the next Day. 
They wear nothing on their Bodies, but a Cloth to cover 
their privy Parts, which they bring up over their Heads, 
like a Woman’s Coif. The main Point of their Inftitution 
is, not to do to others what they would not have others to 
do to them ; and they obferve it even to the Beafts, which 
they will never kill. If any body beat them, they do not 
refill, and if they are reviled, they make no Anfwer. 
They employ themfelvcs wholly in Prayers, and Reading; 
but conclude the Day with the Sun-fet ; for they never 
light a Candle. If any break their Orders, he is feverely 
punifhed ; and if they break their Vow of Chaftity, they 
are expelled. They have above ten thoufand Monafteries 
in the Indies . Some of them think it fufficient to worfhip 
God in Spirit, and have no Idols, or Pagods. There are 
alfo religious Nuns of the fame Order, who live very 
exemplary. 
10. From Labor the Way lies by Menat-kan , Taty- 
abad , Sera-dakan , Sera-balour , Sera- dour ai, Serinde, Sera- 
Mogoul , Sera-GbabaS; Dirauriel , Sera-Crindal , and Guema « 
our , to Debly, or Gebanahad. This City is a large Place, 
and Hands near the River Gemma , which runs on both Sides 
of it ; and after it has palled Agra and Kadi one, empties 
itfelf into the Ganges . It is divided into three Parts, or 
Towns. The firft is almoft intirely deftroyed. The In- 
dians fay it is very ancient, and that it was the capital 
City of the States of King Porus , who oppofed Alex- 
ander the Great . The Indians fay it had fifty-two Gates ; 
and there are ftill remaining a long Stone Bridge, and 
a Way, with lovely Trees leading to the fecond Town, 
by the Sepulchre of Cha-Humayen. The fecond Town 
was at the Conqueft of it, beautified with many ftately Se- 
pulchres of the Pat an Kings, and other Monuments, which 
rendered it a very lovely Place ; but Cha-Jehan , the Fa- 
ther of Aurengzeb the prefent King, demolilhed it, and left 
nothing but a Pyramid, or Obelilk of Stone, which, by its 
unknown Characters, Ihews a great Antiquity. 
The third Town is joined to the Ruins of the fecond, 
and was built by Cha-Jeban out of the Ruins of it, and from 
him it had its Name of Gehan-Abad. This City lies in an 
open Champain, upon the Bank of the River Gemma , and 
is encompafled with a fingle Wall. All the Houfes even of 
private Men confiftof great Enclofures, in the midft of which 
is a Place for Lodgings. The greateft Part of the Lords 
have their.Houfes without the City, for the Conveniency of 
Water ; for the King chufeth to keep his Court here rather 
than at Agra , for the fame Conveniency. As you enter 
into Gehanadad from Debly , you come into a long and broad 
Street, which has Vaults on each Side, where the Merchants 
keep their Shops. This Street ends in the great Piazza, 
where the King’s Palace Hands. There is another Street 
which leads up to the King’s Palace, where the Merchants 
live, who keep no Shops : The Fortrefs of it is half a 
League in Circuit, and has good Walls, with round Towers 
in them, and Ditches about them full of Water. The 
King’s Palace, where are all the Enfigns of Royalty, is in 
this Fort. There is a Place by the Water-fide for the 
fighting of Elephants, and other Exercifes. The King’s 
Palace is encompafled with Walls of fair red- cut Stone, 
with Battlements. 
The Gate and firft Court have nothing of Magnificence, 
for the great Lords may enter into it with their Elephants. 
Out of this Court you go through a long and large Pafiage, 
with fair Portico’s on both Sides, into a great Court, where 
the Omrahs, i. e. the great Lords of the Kingdom, keep 
Guard in Perfon, having their Lodgings round about the 
Court, and their Horfes tied at the Doors. From this 
fecond Court you pafs into a third, through a great Portal, 
where on the one Side is the Mogul’s Wardrobe, out of 
which he bellows the Calaat, or whole Habit of a Man, 
which he gives to any Stranger, or Subjedl, in Honour to 
them. The next is the Place where the Drums, Trumpets, 
and Hautboys are laid, which are founded when the King 
goes upon the Judgment Seat, and right forward is the 
Divan, where the King gives Audience and Sentence. In 
the Middle of the Hall is the Throne, where the King fits, 
eredled upon a kind of a Theatre. It has a little Bed, with 
four Columns, a Canopy, Back-piece, Bolfter, and Coun- 
terpoint, all embroidered with Diamonds, and covered with 
a Cloth of Gold when the King fits on it. Below the 
Throne is a Place twenty-four Foot fquare, encompafled 
with Balufters, fometimes of Silver, and at other Times 
Gold Plates. At the four Corners of it fit the four Secre- 
taries of State, who are the only Advocates in all Caufes. 
Many Lords Hand by the Baluftrade, and fome of the 
greateft, with his Children, Hand by the Throne. While 
the King is on his Throne, none may ftir out of the Pa- 
lace, nor any that have Bufinefs come nearer than the 
Chancel in the Middle of the Court, till they are called ; no, 
not Embafiadors themfelves. From the Divfin the King 
pafles over a Terrafs, where the River is to be feen, into the 
Haram. Upon the left Hand of the Court Hands a little 
Mofque neatly built, with a Cupolo covered with Lead, 
perfectly gilt. Hither the King goes every Day to hear 
Prayers, except Fridays , when he goes to the great Mofque, 
which is a very fair one, and raifed above the Houfes of the 
City. On the right Side of the Court are the King’s Sta- 
bles, which are full of ftately Horfes, the worft of which 
Hands the King in three thoufand Crowns, and fome coft 
ten 
