Chap. II. j/WilliA 
Law of that Kingdom, but the more fecret ones of eter- 
nal Juftice and Reafon. The old Emperor, when he died, 
left this Son, then an Infant, under the Care and Tuition of 
four principal Noblemen •, whereof Ogofhofamma, the pre- 
fen t Emperor, was one, and the chief. The other three 
Governors, Men of Intrigue and ill Principles,, and fonder 
by far of flattering their own Pride, and Ambition, than 
difeharging their Duties of a facred Trull committed to 
them, made Pretenfions to the Sovereignty, and put in 
for the Crown themfelves. 
In Oppofition to whom, as alfo to affert the Rights of 
the royal Pupil, Ogojhofamma took up Arms 1 ; and having 
intirefy routed the other Pretenders, had the fupreme 
Power, Suddenly clapped all into his own hands ; and now 
the charming Opportunity told him, he had as good be 
Emperor himfelf. All his Competitors were removed 
out Of the Way. The true Heir vas incapable of un- 
derftafiding and redrdfflng his Cafe. AH the Power was 
Pis own ; and he wanted only the Name of an Emperor, 
which was fo very fmall a thing, that he refolved not to 
be without that any longer. The young' Prince he kept 
always about him, and in perfect Ignorance of himfelf, 
and his Relation to the Crown, fuffering him to know no 
other, but that he was his Son ; all that are about him 
being fuch as the prefent Emperor has brought up from 
their Cradles, and fo not able to give him any better In- 
formation. And to make all fure, when he was grown to 
Years, he married him to his own Daughter, and fo con- 
fined them to the Gallic of Ofaca, where they live like 
the Children of an Emperor, as to all Points of State and 
Grandeur, only Liberty ; that fweetens all the reft ; civil 
Policy is pleafed to deny them. 
Over againll Ofa.ca, on the other, fide of the River, lies 
another gr?at Town, called Sacay, a Place of very great 
Trade for all the Illes thereabouts. At Fufmmi, to which 
we came next, we found a Garrifon of three thoufand Sol- 
diers, appointed for the keeping feme of thefe Parts in good 
Order. This Garrifon is Ihifted every three Years ; and the 
Change happening when we came thither, we had the 
Advantage of feeing fomething of the Rules of their mi- 
litary Difeipline : they generally march no more than five 
a-breaft, and to every ten Files there’s an Officer deputed, 
who regulates the March, and keeps all in perfect Order. 
Their Difpofition, according to the Quality of their Arms, 
is thus. Firft of all march their Shot, that is, Calievers, 
for Mu fleets they have none, neither willthey ufe any; 
then follow Pikes, then Cattans and Targets, Bows and 
Arrows, Waggadafhes or Hooks, and laftly Calievers again 
clofe the March : and among all thefe they have no Co- 
lours, Drums, Trumpets, nor any fort of warlike Mufick. 
The Japonefe Horfes are not large, or high, but of the 
Size of our middling Horfes, fmall headed, and extreme- 
ly full of Mettle ; and, in my Opinion, far beyond 
Spanifh Gennets, both in ftately Carriage and Spirit. Their 
Soldiers obferve very good Order 'upon the Road, and 
are fo exactly governed, that they are as welcome at the 
pubiick Houfes as any Guefts whatever; no Man is in 
the leaft difturbed or incommoded by them ; they take 
what they find, as other People do, and pay for it without 
any quarreling : The Roads are very well furnifned with 
Lloufes of Entertainment; and when there are Soldiers 
upon the March, they provide Victuals for them ; fo that 
they have, at an Inftant’s Warning, what they want, and 
at very cheap Rates ; a Dinner of good, wholefome Food, 
and enough of it, from two Shillings downward, to one 
Penny. 
The Diet generally ufed through the Country is Rice 
of feveral Sorts, the white being counted the belt ; Fifh, 
frefii and faked. Herbs, Rad iffies. Beans, Duck, Teal, 
Pheaiant, Partridge, Quail, and Fowls n Of Beafts they 
have all forts ; of Deer, wild Boars, Goats, and black 
Cattle ; Cheefe alfo in great Plenty ; but Butter they 
make none ; neither will they eat any Milk, becaufe they 
efteein it the Blood of the Aminal ; and, for whatReafon I 
know not, they will not touch a Bit of any tame Beafts, tho’ 
they have them in abundance. Their Wheat ought not 
to be forgotten, which is as plump, and as good as any, 
but all of the red Colour. We did in our travels buy Rice 
at a Half-penny per Pound ; Hens and Pheafants, the 
M Ad AM S. §fei 
beft and fatteft, for three Pence a-piece •• Pigs, very 
large, for a Sffiiffing-v a fat Hog for five Shillings ; a good 
Ox for fixteen Shillings ; and a Goat at three Shillings. 
The Drinks in requeft in this Country are only the Spirits 
diftilled from the Rice, very ftrong, and or me Colour 
of Canary, and .common Water, which is the common 
Drink of the poorer fort of People, that can’t reach to the 
Price of Other Liquor. They always drink their W atef 
warm, and fay that ’tis good ' tb ■ kill : the - Worms •• in the 
Maw. 
Our Motions being direded to Sura-nga, where the Em- 
peror then kept his Court, by the latter End of this 
Month we had gone as far as our Way lay by Water ; 
and now being to finifh the Remainder of our journey 
by Land, we were furnifhed with Llorfes, and all Con- 
veniences for that purpofe, at the Emperor’s Charge. 
I had alfo a Palankin or one of their Sedans provided tor 
me, and a frefii Supply of Men drawn out of ever f 
Place for the carrying me therein, when 1 was tired of 
my Horfe ; and, for the greater State, a Slave appoint- 
ed to run with a Pike before the Palakin. The King’s 
Harbingers alfo went before, and took up our Lodging 
upon the Road. This Part of the Journey was very plea- 
fant and eafy ; the Way, for the moft part, is exceeding 
even and plain ; and wherever there was any rugged, 
mountainous Ground, a fmooth level Paffage was cut 
through it. This road is all along good Sand and Gra^ 
vel ; ’tis divided into Leagues for the Benefit of Travel- 
lers ; and at every League’s End are two fmall Hills 
raffed, on either fide one, and upon each a fair Pine- 
Tree planted. The Defign of which Mark is to make 
Travellers competent Judges of the Length of their own 
Jourrties, that they may not be abufed by the Hackney- 
men, and thofe that let out Horfes, aqd To pay for a 
greater Number of Miles than they have rode. 
All along the Road you meet with Multitudes of Peo- 
ple paffing and repaffing, and Towns, and pleafant Vil- 
lages, Farms and Country-houfea ; and fometimes Tem- 
ples, Handing at a little Diftance, in fhady Groves, with 
the Habitations of the Priefts round about them. The 
moft unpleafant Sight we had, was the Sight of the Ma- 
lefadlors, fattened upon Crofles, near all the great Towns 
where thofe Executions had been performed. Crucifying 
is a very common Puniffiment among them at Japon ; 
and, as they manage it, ’tis feme fort of Puniffiment to 
Travellers too, to pafs by a Multitude of noifome, putri- 
fying Carcaffes and Bodies ; befides the Horror of the 
Sight, to have the Difturbance of the Smell thofe Bodies 
yield : And we had the worft Trial of all when we came 
to Suranga ; there were Crofles, Scaffolds, and Gibbets, 
Heads, Carcaffes, and Limbs, hanging about in fo many 
Places without the City, that our Pleafure in going along 
was greatly leffened. Suranga feems to be as big as Lon- 
don , , even taking in the whole Compafs of the Suburbs : 
The outer .Parts of it we found entirely taken up by Me- 
chanicks and Artificers of all forts, who are placed there 
for the Eafe and Quiet of the genteeler People, and don’t 
care to be difturbed with the Noife and Buftle the others 
make in their Trades. 
After a Repofe of a Day or two, I went, with all my 
Company in a Body, to the Caftle, to have Audience of 
the Emperor, and to deliver the Prefents intended for that 
Court ; I was introduced by two of the greateft Men then 
in Attendance, the Emperor’s Secretary and his Admiral. 
Thefe led me firft into a very fine matted Room, where 
we fat down for Tome time, according to their Cuftom, 
upon Mats ; then they brought me into a Chamber of 
Prefence, where ftood an empty Chair of State, to which 
I was obliged to do Reverence. After Tome fliort time, 
word was brought,' that the Emperor was come into the 
Room of Audience, to the Door of which thefe Courtiers 
brought me, but durft not prefume to look in themfelves. 
The Cuftom is, for all the Prefents that are brought to be 
placed in order upon the Mats of that Room into which 
the Emperor comes ; and accordingly, when I came in, 
I found them all in a very orderly manner laid before him. 
He received his Majefty’s Letter with the Civility of that 
Country, lifting it up towards his Forehead, and then, by 
his Interpreter, bid me welcome: He defined me to go 
