9-P 
A fuccititl Hiftory of the Rife , Progrefs , and Book JL 
Calculations, of the Sorts, Qualities, and Quantities, of nefs, but does not govern or direft in any Affair without 
the Goods, that are fold at any Place, and let down whe- (pedal Commiffion. 
ther they increafe or diminiffi, with the Lofs and Gain In all Governments and Direftions, the Confultations 
thereon, which Notes they fend to all the Factories where are entered in Books, and figned by the Council. The 
thefe Goods are provided. The chief Book-keeper lives in Offices for the Secretary and Accountants, and the Ware- 
the Fort, becaufe all Regifters and Books are kept there, houfes for the Company’s fine Goods and Treafure, are 
and the Offices for Accounts mull be there Handing. Eve- 
ry one of the ordinary Council of India has his particular 
Charges and Employments allotted to him, wherein he is 
molt experienced, viz. one is ordered to read, examine, 
and anfwer all Letters and Papers from the Government 
of Ceylon. Another the Letters, &c. of the Governments 
of Amboy na t Banda and Ternate ; another, the Coaft of 
Coromandel and Bay of Bengal \ another the Direftorfhip of 
Surat and Perfia , and another the Cafe and Mauritias ; 
the General only writes Letters to the Company in Eu- 
rope. 
Befides which, they have other particular Emyloyments 
and Places of Truft and Importance at Batavia. I. The 
General propofes and concludes in Council, and directs all 
Matters of Government to the Council, and fuperior Offi- 
cers. He is fworn to be faithful to the States in his Of- 
fice, and that he will not prefer any one in the Company’s 
Service, for Fear, Favour, or Affeftion, but only fuch as 
are moil faithful, molt able, and moft fit to manage the 
Bu finds for the Company’s Advantage. II. The Direc- 
tor-General, as aforefaid, propofes the Employments 
and Cargoes of all Ships. He fells, and orders the Dif- 
pofal of all Goods, Stores and Provifions, has the Charge 
of the Treafure and Caffi, and orders the Receipts and 
Payments of Money. III. Another is Prefident of the 
Chamber of Orphans, and the Council, his Affiftants, are 
half Company’s Servants, and half Burghers, whofe Of- 
fice and Truft are the fame as in the Netherlands. They 
fit once a Week in Council. IV, Another is Prefident of 
the College of the Rate of Juft ice, who is always a Civi- 
lian. He gives Judgment in all Cafes civil or criminal, 
between the Company and their Servants, or the Burghers. 
In this Court, the Company’s Servants only are of the 
Council, none of them under the Quality of a Copeman, 
and they are ulually Advocates, or fuch as have been bred 
up to the Civil Law. V. Another is Prefident of the Col- 
lege of Skepen and Burgomafters. 
He judges in all Cafes, civil, military and criminal, be- 
tween the Burghers and others. The Counfellors, or 
Judges, who fit with the Prefident at this Court, are three 
Upper-copemen in the Company’s Service, and three of 
the chief Burghers. Both thefe Courts fit twice a Week, 
conftantiy, and oftner, as occafion requires, in the Stadt- 
.houfe, or Town- hall. All of the ordinary Council are 
fworn to be true to the General and the States, to prefer 
none for Fear, Favour, or Affection, but the fitteft and 
ableft Perfons to the Offices in their particular Difpofals. 
Below the Second, or Director, is no Precedency of Place, 
but Employments or Offices are appointed to thofe who 
are the fitteft for them. The Secretary of the Council at 
Batavia , is a Perfon of great Ability and Experience, of 
the Quality of Upper-copeman ; he takes Place next to 
the extraordinary Council, and has the Pay and Allow- 
ance of a Commandore. The minor Votes are always 
carried by the major in Council, the Fifcal hath a double 
Vote. Upon figning, none may enter any Exceptions, 
except the Matter concluded be exprefsly againft the Or- 
ders of the Company, and then they may enter Diffent, 
giving that for the Reafon, 
Upon extraordinary Occafions, which require Secrecy, 
a Governor, or Direftor, may call a Council of any two 
or three Counfellors, and may aft according to their Re- 
folutions. All Perfons of the Quality of Copeman, and 
Upper-copeman, as a!fo Captains and Lieutenants, are ca- 
pable of being of Council in all Governments and Direc- 
tions, except Batavia. The Seconds of Governors and 
Direftors, are chiefly Copemen, and the Chiefs of fubor- 
dinate Faftories under Governments, are commonly Cope- 
men, and Under-copemen •, but it it fo happens, that one 
of a higher Degree, or Quality, comes to a Place where 
one of a lower Degree is Chief, he, of the higher Degree 
takes Place, ind give$ his Advice in the Company’s Bufi- 
built in the Forts, and Houfes, or Faftories, and thofe 
who officiate in them, muft dwell there. In fubordinate 
Faftories^ they keep no Confultation-books, only Copy- 
books of Letters, Accounts and Diaries. All Letters 
and Orders from Batavia , are figned by the General and 
Council, and thofe to Batavia , muft be figned by the Go- 
vernors, or Direftors, and their refpeftive Councils ; but 
all Letters and Orders from Governors and Direftors to 
fubordinate Faftories under them, are figned only by the 
Governor or Direftor fingly. The Caffi at Policat , is ac 
the Difpofal of the Governor, to be put into the Hands 
of an Upper-copeman, that (hall be on the Place ; and 
the Sorting of Cloth is done by the Governor, Second, 
and others, who are of the Quality of Copeman, and 
Under-copeman, every one fetting down his Opinion of 
the Price of the Goods when forted. 
They have Fifcals in their Governments, who are under 
an Oath to difeover and feize all forbidden private Trade, 
and deteft what elfe may be done to defraud the Compa- 
ny. They are ufually of the Quality of Copeman, or 
Under-copeman, and feldom continue longer than three 
Years in that Office, except at Batavia , where they have 
two principal Fifcals, of the Quality of Upper-copemen, 
who continue many Years in that Employ. One of them 
is called Advocate- fifcal ; he makes Enquiry, and takes 
Cognizance of all Faults, Frauds and Mifdemeanors in 
the Company’s Service, in all Parts of India , makes and 
maintains the Proceffes, and has half of what is recovered 
thereon, the other half goes to the Company, who gives 
one Third of it to the Poor, after the Procefs and Con- 
demnation is paid, before the Prefident of the Council of 
Juftice ; fo that the Governors, Direftors, &c. are not 
concerned in the Difcovery of any private T rade. 
The Company fends every Year printed Papers of the 
News and Affairs of Europe , which are diiperfed over ail 
their Faftories in India , by which they are inftrufted in 
the Intereft and Concerns of the feveral Powers and are di- 
rected to behave themfelves accordingly to ail European 
Nations in India. Alfo they fend Abftrafts of the Sale of 
their Goods, and the Lofs and Gain thereon in Europe. 
It is very eafy to obferve, that all thefe Regulations are 
calculated for the Improvement of the Perfons in the Ser- 
vice of the Company, for enabling them to difeharge 
their Duties punctually and perfectly, and with fuch a 
Mealure of Knowledge and Underftanding, as may fit 
them for whatever Places they may be called to ferve in. 
It is not eafy to conceive, what mighty Effefts flow 
from fuch wife and juft Regulations, what Order and 
Harmony they may beget, and how eafily all Things are 
managed, where fo much Care is taken, that every Man 
ffiall be acquainted with the Importance of his Station, 
and with a Probability of his bettering his Circumftances 
by his difeharging his Functions with Diligence. It is 
by fettling thefe Orders, and taking care they ffiall be. 
conftantiy carried into Execution, that we find the 
Butch are never at a Lofs for Men fit to be employed on 
any critical Occafion, as Ambaffadors, Plenipotentiaries, 
and ordinary Refidents in the Courts of Indian Princes, 
whereas other Nations, that carry on other Trade in that 
Part of the World, are at a Stand in this refpeft, and in 
all fuch Emergencies, are forced to take fuch as come to 
Hand, or which is worfe, fuch as puffi themfelves forward, 
and miftaking Vanity for Talents, get into Employments 
only to expole themfelves, and thofe under whofe Autho- 
rity they aft. 
It is a received Opinion, and I believe founded on 
Reafon, that the Capacities of Men are much alike, and 
that where one makes a Figure by dint of what is called 
Genius, there are a hundred become able Men from Difcipline 
and Experience. It is therefore extreamly commendable 
in the Butch , that they take fo much Pains to propagate 
real Knowledge among fuch as are in die publick Service, 
