io. In this Memorial we fee, at one View, and in the 
rrioft expreffive Terms poffible, the Nature of thofe. Grie- 
vances under which the Maritime Powers laboured from this 
Treaty of Commerce concluded at Vienna , and the Rea- 
fons which induced them to hope that they would be re- 
•d re fled. We fee plainly that there could be nothing in 
Nature more flagrantly injurious to the Maritime Powers 
than the feveral Claufes in this Treaty, of which they 
complained, nor any thing more plain or felf-evident than 
the Rights upon which they infifted, of which the States- 
General were fo fenfible, that they refolved to repeat their 
Applications at the Courts of Vienna and Madrid , in or- 
der to obtain Satisfaction and Redrefs. They were ftrong- 
ly feconded by the Courts of London and Paris , who, in 
tile mean time however, confidering how little Advantage 
had hitherto been obtained by the flow and pacifick Mea- 
sures, refolved, if poffible, to quicken them by feme Step 
of another kind, which might convince both the Empe- 
ror and the King of Spain , that they were not to be 
frighted with high Words, or to be perfuaded out of 
their Properties, by the Parchment Agreements of other 
Princes. 
They took Advantage therefore of the Difpofition the 
King oi PruJJia was in, who faw with forne Difpleafure 
the exorbitant, and as he conceived, Anti-conflitutional 
Power of the Emperor in Germany , the Confequences of 
which he thought might be fatal to the Prerogatives of 
Limlell ana of other Princes, with which Notions ftriking 
in, they concluded a defenfive Treaty a t Hanover, dated 
September the 3d, 1725, which Treaty was to fubfift for 
fifteen Years, and to which the States-General were to be 
invited to accede. Tho’ there is not the lead mention in 
this Treaty of the Ofiend Company, yet in the fecond Ar- 
ticle it being provided that the con trading Powers gua- 
ranty not only each others Dominions, Countries and Ci- 
ties, as well in as out of Europe , but alfo all their Rights, 
Priviledges and Advantages, particularly thofe relating to 
Trade, it was well enough underftood, that under this 
Phrafe particularly the OJlend Company was included, 
fince it was impoffible it fhould continue to fubfiffi, and 
the contrading Parties to this Treaty referve their Rights 
and Privileges relating to Trade. As foon as this Alliance 
was concluded, it was not only made known to the States- 
General at the Hague , but they were likewife invited and 
preffied to come into it, as the moft effedual, and indeed the 
only way of procuring what they of all other Powers were 
moft interefted to procure, viz. the Abolition of the new 
Company. 
For while the Emperor and the King of Spain conti- 
nued foclofely united, and the reft of the Princes of Eu- 
rope unconneded by any counter Alliance, it was moft evi- 
dent, that they had it in their Power to give Law, and to 
do what they pleafed ; which Power it was likewife very 
vifibie they intended to ufe for many Purpofes, abfolutely 
irreconcilable to the Intereft of other Princes and States, 
more efpecially in the Cafe of this Company, which flood 
now upon fuch a Foundation as might have enabled it, in 
the courfe of a few Years, to have fuftained itfelf againft 
any Force that could have been brought to difturb it ; of 
this we may be eafily fenfible, if we conflder that never 
any Eftablifhment of this kind was poffeffed of equal Ad- 
vantages, or fupported by the Authority of two fuch Po- 
tentates. Neither for the Time it continued did ever 
any Company run into fuch an ex; ten five Trade, or make 
fo rapid a Progrefs as this of the Aujlrian Netherlands. So 
that unqueftionably had it been left to itfelf, or beenop- 
pofed only by the dilatory Methods of Memorials and 
Applications, it would have rife n to fuch a Height as muft 
have aftonifhed thofe, who from narrow and particular 
Views, treated it as a political Chimera, 
But the Dutch however, though they could not help 
acknowledging in general Terms the Wifdom and Pru- 
dence of the Treaty of Hanover , yet they did not imme- 
diately accede to it, but on the contrary, refolved to try 
once more the Force of Applications at the Court of Ma- 
<dr:d. It was. with this View that they directed Mr. Vander 
Meer , their Ambaffador at that Court, to prefent a Me- 
morial, in order to demonftrate the Injuftice that was done 
them by this late Treaty with the Emperor, which Memo- 
I 
rial was adlually prefented on the 4 th of Nov. 1725,. and 
as it is in itfelf one of the moft inftrudive, as well as one 
of the plained lapers that appeared in this whole impor- 
tant Controveify, in which the whole commercial Intereft 1 
of Europe were at Stake, we (hall, omitting thofe Parts of 
it which are purely Matters of Form, infert, as the beft Ac- 
count that can be given of this Matter, and therefore the 
laft Paper which we fhall mention upon this Occafion. 
But it may be proper to put the Reader in Mind, that tho® 
Mr. Vander Meer prefented this Memorial only in the 
Name of his Mailers the States-General, yet it contains 
likewife the Grounds of Jealoufy and Diffatisfadion given 
to Great -Britain, and therefore concerns us as much as it 
did them j and it is very poftible there may come a Time 
when thefe very Points may as much concern us again. 
The Arguments he ufed were thefe that follow. 
11. Treaties being . underftood to be the Bafis and 
Foundation of the Union of Nations and Potentates, it 
feems juft, that each Party fhould make it an inviolable 
Law, not only to forbear all open Infradion of them, but 
likewife not to alter them in any manner, nor permit 
their Minifters to make ufe of Subterfuges for explaining the 
Tenour and Articles of them in another Senfe than what was 
intended at the Time of thefe mutual Conventions. It is 
with thefe Notions of good Faith that their High Mighti- 
neffes have always rigoroufly executed all they have" fti- 
pulated, without infringing or altering in the leaft. Point 
any Article whatfoever •, making it a find Rule to them- 
felves, to redrefs any Abufe,and give Satisfaction for it up- 
on Complaint made, and caufing fuch of their Subjeds to 
be feverely pumfhed who prefume to deviate from the li- 
teial Oblervations of their Orders ; and as for entering in- 
to Engagements with other Powers to the Prejudice of 
their Allies, whatever Solicitations have been made to 
them, they have given evident Marks to your Majefty of 
their perfed Attachments to your Interefts,by refufmg' Ge- 
nerally all the Advantages that were offered themifdhey 
would have gone into the Quadruple Alliance. 
My Matters flattered themfelves, Sire, that after fuch 
real and fuch particular Regards, they fhould find in 
your Majefty’s Perfon, not only an Ally, but a hire Pro- 
tedion againft all thoie who fhould attempt any Jnvafion 
in the Treaties to their Prejudice. Neverthejefs they have 
now the Grief to fee Things bear quite another Face, and 
that far from being fupported by your Majefty in their ma- 
nifeft Rights, in relation to their Commerce to the Indies , 
they find in your Royal Perfon the Protecftor of a Compa- 
ny, whofe Commerce cannot fubfift without ruining that 
of their High Mightineffes Subjeds and People ; and to 
whatever Fvafion your IVIajefty s Miniflers may have re- 
courfe, when they infinuate that nothing has been granted 
to the Emperor which is not conformable to all the ancient 
Treaties, it is eafy to demonftrate that it cannot be with- 
out a ftrained Conftrudion, contrary to the Expreffions of 
the Articles ; for by taking them literally, and in the Senfe 
they were penn’d, it is obvious to every Eye how wide this 
new Treaty of Commerce is from the Airn of thofe who 
(after fuch cruel Wars, and fo much Blood fhed for main- 
taining the Rights of the Republick, as well with refped 
to their Navigation to the Indies, as to their Commerce in 
general) did at length conclude the Treaties of Munjler 
and Utrecht. 
I come. Sire, to thefe Demonftrarions, by the fecond 
and third Articles of the Treaty of Vienna, all Men of 
War, or Merchant Ships, belonging to his Imperial Ma- 
jefty, and his Subjeds, are allowed to enter all the Towns 
and Ports of the Dominions of Spain (thofe of the Eajl~ 
Indies included) there to take in Refreftiments, Provifi- 
ons, and generally whatever they may want for continuing 
their Voyage, with this foie Reftridion, that they fhall 
not trade, or traffick there. In the thirty-fixth Article 
of the fame Treaty, it is faid, that the Subjeds of his 
Imperial Majefty may import and vend in the Territo- 
ries and Dominions of Spain , all the Goods, Merchandi- 
zes, and Produds, which they fhall bring from the Eafi - 
Indies, provided they fhall produce a Certificate from the 
India Company of the Aujlrian Netherlands, that thofe 
Merchandizes, or Produds, are of the Growth of their 
Colonies and Conquefts ; giving befides, to thefe Subjeds 
