OF FISH* ' 
269 
eight until twelve in the morning, and from four until 
sunset in the evening; and from September to January, 
in the middle of the day. 
Red Carp. (PL 46.) The head of this fish terminates 
in a blunt point. The body is covered with very minute 
scales; the lateral line is straight. All the fins except 
the dorsal, are reddish. This species is very properly 
denominated the Alpine Char, by Linnaeus; for its con- 
stant residence is in the lakes of the high and mountain- 
ous parts of Europe. A few are found in some of the 
lakes in Wales, and in Loch Inch, in Scotland; from 
which last it is said to migrate into the Spey to spawn. 
Seldom, however, does this species venture into any 
running stream; its principal resort is in the cold lakes 
of the Lapland Alps, where it is fed by the innumera- 
ble quantity of gnats that infest those dreary regions. 
The largest and most beautiful chars are found in the 
lake of Winander-Mere, in Westmoreland, England, 
where there are three species, the red, the gilt, and the 
case char. These kinds are nearly similar in their ex- 
ternal appearance; but the time and manner of their 
spawning is very different. The method of taking these 
fish is with nets, or trammels as they are called, which 
are furnished with bait to allure the fish, and left for se- 
veral days, till they are known to enter them. 
Carp. ( Cyprinus . PI. 47.) The mouth of this fish is 
toothless; their gills have three rays, and their belly fins 
frequently nine. Their form is somewhat thick, and 
their colour blue-green above, greenish-yellow mixed 
with black on the upper part of their sides, whitish be- 
neath, and the tail yellow or violet. The scales are large. 
On each side of the mouth there is a single beard, and 
above this another shorter. The dorsal fin is long, ex- 
tending far towards the tail, which is forked. They are 
found in the slow rivers and stagnant waters of Europe 
and Persia, and principally in deep holes, under the 
roots of trees, hollow banks, or great beds of flags, &c. 
When full grown, they are nearly four feet in length, and 
twenty pounds in weight. Carps are supposed to have 
been brought into England by a Sussex gentleman, 
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