124 
FOREST AND 
STREAM 
March, 1919 
A MEMORY AID 
1 FOUND these verses in an English 
fishing paper and though they are 
by the well-known American angler, 
Fred Mather, they are unknown to me. 
Because of the information which they 
contain in an easily remembered form 
I am sending them to you. 
“The little-mouth has little scales, 
There’s red in his handsome eye. 
The scales extend on his vertical fins, 
And his forehead is round and high. 
“His forehead is round and high, my boys. 
And he sleeps the winter through; 
He likes the rocks in the summer time — 
Micropterus dolomieu. 
“The big-mouth has the biggest scales. 
And a pit scooped in his head; 
His mouth is cut beyond his eye. 
In which is nary a red. 
“In his eye is nary a red, my boys, 
But keen and well he sees; 
He has a dark stripe on his side — 
Micropterus salmoides.” 
L. H. C., Maine. 
A NEW FLY “DOPE” 
L ast, summer while in camp I ran 
out of citronella, which I have al- 
ways used as a fly “dope.” The black 
flies were very bad and I tried as a sub- 
stitute some camphorated oil which was 
in my medicine kit. It worked very well 
and the odor would be more acceptable 
to some people than that of citronella. 
Personally, I like citronella but some dis- 
like the odor very much. I told of my 
discovery to a friend and he said that 
a camphor repellent is often used in 
other countries but that the oil is mixed 
with a little glycerine oil to make it 
thinner and more easily applied. 
C. R. Blount, Portland, Me. 
CLOTHING FOR WINTER SPORTS 
M any people like to get outdoors and 
enjoy the bracing air of winter. 
Unless one is properly clothed there is no 
pleasure in winter sports. I think there 
is no sadder sight than to see a man or 
woman trying to enjoy skiing or snow- 
shoeing, clad in garments that are in- 
sufficient protection against the cold. 
That is my reason for writing these hints 
as to proper clothes for outdoors in win- 
ter. 
A. Undb®wear. Wool is best. Hot 
or cold, wet or dry, it is in the long run 
most comfortable, and surest against sud- 
den chill. It is worn by explorers in the 
Arctic with no other garment but a 
windproof outer suit, and in the tropics 
in spite of the heat. But it is expensive 
— it cannot be had for less than $3.00 a 
garment. All cheaper contain cotton, and 
the fuzzy, thick “woolen” underwear at 
$1.00 to $2.00 contain so much cotton that 
it is better to wear ,thin all-cotton and 
save money and comfort. For the thicker 
a cotton shirt, the more chilly water it 
will hold, without holding in the heat of 
the body. Therefore, either get real wool 
or wear thin cotton under a good flannel 
outer shirt. 
E are depending upon the 
friends and admirers of our 
old correspondent Nessmuk to make 
this department worthy of his 
name. No man knew the woods 
better than Nessmuk or wrote of 
them with quainter charm. Many 
of his practical ideas on camping 
and “going light" have been adopt- 
ed by the United States Army; his 
canoe has been preserved in the 
Smithsonian Institution; and we 
hope that all good woodsmen will 
contribute to this department their 
Hints and Kinks and trail-tested 
contrivances . — Editors. 
B. Socks. Use thick “woolen” socks. 
Pure wool socks are almost unobtainable, 
but if one wears enough of the ordinary 
sort they’ll do. Three pair is the usual 
thing when on the trail. One pair will do 
in ordinary winter temperature, but the 
man who habitually wears only one pair 
will some time be desperately uncomfort- 
able, and may get frost bite. Carry an 
extra pair. 
C. Shoes. For skiing. With the usu- 
al binding a heavy boot with stiff sole is 
absolutely necessary. Nothing else will 
give the required control. Have the heel 
built or hollowed out so that the heel 
strap will not slip off. Get the shoe large 
enough to go over three socks. Oil fre- 
quently. For snoeshoeing, the rubber 
shoepac is best, because most waterproof. 
Any high moccasin will do. Boots with 
leather heels ruin the web of a snoeshoe. 
D. Mittens. Carry two pairs of 
woolen mittens and an unlined leather or 
cotton mitten big enough to go on over 
one of the woolens. One pair of woolens 
is a reserve, for one pair is nearly always 
wet through by noon. The leather or 
cotton mitten is worn over the woolen in 
extreme cold or cold wind, takes the wear 
of the ski-pole, and keeps the snow out of 
the weave of the woolen. In warmer con- 
ditions it can be worn without the woolen. 
If it can be fitted with a cuff to pull over 
the shirt sleeve it will save much discom- 
fort from intrusive snow. Gloves are 
too risky in low temperature — never take 
them. 
B. Shirt. Wear a good flannel shirt. 
If one buys of a reliable firm and pays 
about five dollars he should get satisfac- 
tion. Cheaper ones have too much cotton 
and tear too easily. It should have big 
pockets with button flaps. Heavy shirts, 
mackinaw or other, are too hot for most 
men, although there is something to be 
said for the combination of thin cotton 
underwear and a mackinaw shirt. 
F. Trousers. The ordinary khaki 
$2.00 trouser gives satisfaction for winter 
work, when woolen underwear is worn. 
It is windproof, dries quickly, wears well, 
and sheds snow. Any old trouser will do, 
of course, but it is apt to lack at least 
three of these qualities. Army style 
breeches look smarter, but have no other 
advantage for winter wear. They are 
apt to be chilly where they fit closely. 
Those who wear cotton underwear may 
prefer the part wool trousers, such as 
those much used by loggers, to be had at 
any country store. 
G. Outer Garments. The outer gar- 
bent for winter sports should keep out 
wind and shed snow. Cotton does both. 
Ordinary woolen materials do neither. A 
sweater is a sieve to a bitter wind ; snow 
sticks to it and melts. European ski-run- 
ners use a coat of close-woven cotton. 
Alaskans use the parka, a loose outer 
shirt of canvas or denim. An ordinary 
khaki coat will serve. The mackinaw 
coat is too heavy to carry. In still air, 
no matter how cold, no thick outer gar- 
ment is needed as soon as one is fairly 
under way, provided a woolen shirt is 
worn. The coat or wind-shirt will often 
be worn in the pack, and on short trips 
may be left behind. The sweater is need- 
ed only for long stops in extreme cold 
and at night. An extra flannel shirt is 
often used as the outer garment and 
serves fairly well. 
H. Head Covering. Some ear protec- 
tion must always be ready. The woolen 
helmet is sufficient for most conditions. 
Toques or skating caps are too scant and 
too loose in the weave. 
Several health hints may be worth sug- 
gesting. Beware of frost bite. If the 
face looks white in one spot is is probably 
