April, 1919 
189 
Forest and s t r e a 
MIGRATION SOUTH 
OF THE EQUATOR 
(CONTINUED FROM PAGE 170) 
land, there are a number of species of 
land birds which migrate northward dur- 
ing the cooler season of the year. Two 
cuckoos that breed in New Zealand may 
serve as examples. One of these, a 
species of Chrysococcyx, flies after its 
nesting season from New Zealand across 
Australia to winter quarters in New 
Guinea. The other, Eudynamis taitensis, 
is widely distributed during the southern 
winter among the Polynesian islands, but 
it returns southward to New Zealand to 
breed. Lieut. James Chapin, U. S. A., 
who spent six years in the Belgian 
Congo in the interests of the American 
Museum of Natural History, writes of 
certain African birds which migrate 
northward from temperate regions to 
the Sudan after their breeding sea- 
sons. One of these is the Pennant- 
winged Nightjar (Cosmetomis vexil- 
laris) . Lieutenant Chapin found that 
the nightjars cross the equatorial for- 
est belt each year in Febrnary and 
March, after which they become com- 
mon in the Savannah country to the 
northward. In July and August, how- 
ever, they take their departure again, 
without having laid eggs, and go south- 
ward to the region between Lake Tan- 
ganyika and the Transvaal, where they 
breed during September, October, and 
November. 
It is very interesting, considering the 
relative proportions of land and water 
in the two hemispheres, to And that cer- 
tain seabirds of the south make migra- 
tions as extensive as those of the great- 
est travelers among northern land birds 
or shorebirds. The northern Golden 
Plover flies from breeding grounds on 
Arctic tundras to the pampas of Pa- 
tagonia; Wilson’s Petrel, on the other 
hand, migrrates from nest burrows on 
the Antarctic Continent to the sub- 
arctic coast of Labrador, or beyond. An 
account of the extraordinary annual ex- 
cursion of this tiny water-bird will be 
found in the Natural History section of 
Forest and Stream for November, 1918. 
Many of the penguins of the Far South 
make extensive migrations at sea, and, 
moreover, they are so punctual regard- 
ing the date of their annual return to 
the breeding ground that, in several 
cases, this has been found not to vary 
so much as a single day from year to 
year. 
T urning again to the petrel-like 
seabirds, we And that there are in 
the neighborhood of twenty species 
breeding in the south which either reg- 
ularly or occasionally migrate across the 
equator into the northern hemisphere 
during our summer season. One Paciflc 
species, the Slender-billed Shearwater 
(Puffinus tenuirostris) , breeds in the 
subantarctic belt and yet migrates north- 
ward to the Arctic Ocean. On the other 
hand, there are related species, such as 
the Snow petrel (Pagodroma nivea), 
which migrates in a northerly direction, 
but never passes beyond the limit of pack 
ice in the circumpolar Southern Ocean. 
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FOR SALE— AT ALL TIMES. HOUNDS FOR 
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Mt. Yonah Farm Kennels, Cleveland, Ga. 
FOR SALE— HIGH - CLASS WALKER FOX 
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HOUNDS 
ONE PAIR HIGH-CLASS COON, SKUNK, 
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heil. G. R. Rudolf, Cuba, Mo. 
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Magazine featuring the hound. Sample free. 
Address Desk F, Hounds and Hunting, Decatur, 
MANGE, ECZEMA, EAR CANKER GOITRE, 
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430 N* Wells Street Chicago, 111. 
