Reviews and Book Notices . 
Ii 
which was received in 1633. They were then known as ‘ Plantaine 
Fruit.’ 
Upland Rambles in Surrey and Sussex, by Harold Shelton. 
London : Pitman & Sons, Ltd., 126 pp., 3/6 net. In company with his 
mother, the author has explored the more interesting and delightful 
parts of Surrey and Sussex, and in twelve chapters gives an account of 
the routes travelled. There are illustrations of the topographical 
features, and ten route maps. The three appendices give an idea of the 
time spent in the district, namely : ‘ A Week’s Walking in the North 
Downs ’ ; A Week’s Walking in the South Downs ’ ; and ‘ A Fortnight’s 
Walking in Surrey and Sussex.’ 
The Lake Counties, by W. G. Collingwood. London : F. Warne 
& Co., Ltd., xvh + 368 pp., 15/- net. This volume was published within 
a few days of*the death of the author, whose work in the Lake District 
is well known. It appeared in pocket form over thirty years ago and 
has long been out of print. The book has been entirely revised and 
considerable additions have been made, all of which received the author’s 
personal attention. There are no fewer than sixteen plates in colour 
and seventy-two line illustrations, by A. Reginald Smith ; and there 
are special articles on ‘ The Birds,’ by Mary L. Armitt, revised by 
Arthur Astley ; ‘ Butterflies and Moths,’ by Dr. R. C. Lowther ; 1 The 
Flora,’ by S. L. Petty, revised by Mary Thompson, Agnes Drury and 
A. G. Hayes ; ‘ The Building of the Lake District,’ by B. Smith, etc. 
The name of Collingwood is too well known to our readers to require 
any recommendation, but we should like to congratulate the publishers 
on their splendid share in the work. There is also a useful Gazetteer. 
The Psychology of Animals, by F. Alverdes. London : Kegan 
Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co., viii. + i56 pp., 9/- net. This is one of 
a large number of volumes in the International Library of Psychology, 
Philosophy and Scientific Method, edited by C. K. Ogden, M.A. ‘ The 
interest of humanity in animal psychology is very ancient. While 
biology has kept to the view that animals (and even men) are machines, 
and that animal psychology is unthinkable, the “ commonsense ” view 
that animal behaviour can be interpreted by human beings is equally 
strong. Dr. Alverdes, in this interesting work, comes down in favour 
of the “ commonsense ” viewpoint. Ranging over a wide field, he shows 
how the psychological attitude to animal behaviour may be used to 
guide and interpret experiment.’ The titles of the first four of the 
twelve chapters give an indication of the thoroughness of the work, 
namely : ‘ Difference between living and non-living nature — The 
“ End ” (aim, object, purpose, goal) and the “ Whole ” as biological 
fictions — “ The End determines the Means,” and ” the Whole deter- 
mines the Parts ” ’ ; General remarks on scientific statement, and more 
concerning the fictional mode of regarding biological facts. — Conscious- 
ness, freedom of will, psyche ’ ; ‘ Individuality — The ciliated slipper- 
animalcule as individual ’ ; ‘ More concerning the individuality of 
animals possessing numerous like organs of locomotion. — The free- 
swimming Turbellaria and Starfish.’ The volume has been translated 
by Dr. H. Stafford Hatfield. 
The Roads of England, by R. M. G. Anderson. London : 
Ernest Benn, Ltd., 240 pp., 8/6 net. This is a fascinating record of 
the growth and evolution of the roads of England and of the way in which 
traffic thereon has improved from the date of ‘ Shanks’s Pony,’ coaching 
days, etc., to the present time, when so many of the roads have had to 
be rebuilt on account of the change in the traffic. The old road books, 
turn -pike roads, toll-bars, etc., all come under the reviews. 
1933 Jan. 1 
