Reviews and Book Notices. 
129 
the advantage of University or City life with access to libraries 
and contact with other workers in special subjects, the dis- 
advantages under which Sturdy started must be very evident. 
Later on, Dr. Watts’ School flora became available to him, 
but at that time there was little or no contact between the 
School at Giggleswick and the working folk of Settle. Sturdy 
and his friend, R. Wilson, had to plod slowly on their way, 
and they have shown what is possible for isolated individuals 
by steady effort. 
One thing he will be remembered for is his discovery of 
plants of the Holly fern in this district at a time when botanical 
members of this Union were of opinion that this had long 
been lost to the County. Officially plants are sometimes 
recorded as ' now gone ’ when local workers such as Sturdy 
have known them all along, and it behoves us to try and extend 
the Union’s activities into the county districts as widely as 
possible. — C. A. C. 
REVIEWS AND BOOK NOTICES. 
Plant Ecology, by W. Leach (Methuen & Co., Ltd., monographs 
on Biological Subjects, 3/6) . This little book is a useful outline of modern 
ecological methods. It gives in convenient form the principles upon 
which ecological work must be based and the methods to be employed 
in studying ecological relationships in the field. The soil factors in 
particular are treated in some detail, a treatment warranted by their 
importance in this country. 
The Senses of Insects, by H. Eltringham, M.A., D.Sc., F.R.S., 
pp. viii.-)-i26 and 25 figures in the text. (Methuen & Co., Ltd., 
Monographs on Biological Subjects, 3/6. This excellent monograph will be 
welcomed by all entomologists and by naturalists generally. A surprising 
amount of up-to-date information is contained in small compass and the 
text is supplemented by upwards of 150 references to the literature of 
the subject. 
First Book of Biology, by M. E. Phillips and L. E. Cox (University 
of London Press) . As the title implies, this is an elementary text book. 
In it, the attempt has been made successfully to start nature study and 
biology from sources of material which are for the most part familiar 
to all, whether they live in the town or in the country. The illustrations 
are well chosen and the text clear and adequate. 
Salmon and Sea Trout Smolts in the Tees. The Ministry of 
Agriculture and Fisheries have issued as No. 4, of Vol. Ill of their 
Fishery Investigations (H.M. Stationery Office, price gd., postage 
extra), two papers by F. T. K. Pentelow, B. A. Southgate and R. 
Bassindale, dealing with Smolts in the Tees Estuary. Apparently the 
Smolts only migrate when they reach a certain definite size. Slow 
growing smolts are therefore older at the time of migration. The smolts 
include a much larger proportion of females than of males. The female : 
male ratio is 1.93 for sea trout and 2.77 for salmon. 
Included in The New Phytologist for March (Vol. XXXII, No. 1) 
are papers on the ephemeral flowers of Turnera ulmifolia by N. G. Ball, 
and on the role of organic acids in plant metabolism by T. A. Bennet- 
Clark. The flowers of Turnera open just after sunrise and close three 
or four hours later. Darkness and humidity have little effect on their 
opening time, but if they are illuminated overnight — opening is prevented 
for several days. Another paper by N. Gill deals with the relation 
1933 June 1 
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