172 
The Constituents of Banded Humic Coal. 
LITHOLOGICAL INGREDIENTS IN BRITISH HUMIC COALS — (Contd.) 
Vi train. 
Clarain. 
Durain . 
Fusain. 
Example of 
proximate 
analysis : 
volatiles (%) 
29-43 
29-91 
29-74 
16-87 
fixed carbon (%) 
59-77 
60-19 
56-46 
66-23 
C/H ratio 
15-10 
15-12 
16-69 
22-71 
ash (%) 
0-90 
1-30 
7-80 
13-80 
Example of 
pyridine- 
chloroform 
analysis : 
alpha -compounds 
65-8% 
72-8% 
78 - 4 % 
beta -compounds 
gamma- 
25-0% 
19-0% 
i 3 -o% 
p 
compounds 
9 - 2 % 
8-2% 
8-6% 
Oxidation with 
forms a large 
froms a small 
forms no froth ; 
forms no froth 
nitric acid 
froth which 
froth and a 
solution paler 
and no true 
settles slowly 
black solution 
than that of 
solution, but a 
to form a black 
from which 
clarain ; much 
liquid from 
solution from 
debris settles 
debris settles 
which a large 
which no 
(chiefly clear 
from it (chiefly 
amount of 
debris settles 
brown frag- 
black opaque 
debris settles 
ments — cuticles 
fragments, with 
(black angular 
and parts of 
clear parts — 
fibrous par- 
spores ; also 
walls of mega- 
ticles) 
black opaque 
spores) 
fragments) 
Oxidisability 
vitrain and clarain : 
632 cc. 
69 cc. 
with potassium 
615 cc. oxygen per grm. 
oxygen 
oxygen 
permanganate 
per grm. 
per grm. 
Products of 
destructive 
distillation : 
coke (%) 
65-7 
65-4 
62-3 
80-3 
tar (%) 
7.7 
8-9 
12 - 1 
3-6 
liquor (%) 
gas, cc. per io 
8-o 
7-5 
5-9 
3,280 
4-8 
grm. 
3.465 
3,390 
2,400 
oil (soluble in 
? 
56-2% of oil 
37-5% of oil 
95% °f fusain 
ether) by 
soluble after 
soluble after 
remained in- 
hydrogenation 
3 hours’ treat- 
4 days’ treat- 
soluble after 
ment 
ment 
4 days 
Example 
content of 
(a) ulmins 
(a) 96% 
(«) 82% 
(a) 83% 
(a) 20% 
(&)■ organised 
( b ) nil 
(&) 5-10% 
(6) 15-25% 
(b) 70-80% 
plant tissues 
(chiefly 
(spores and 
(wood or 
cuticles ; some 
cuticles, with 
fibres) 
spores ) 
some wood) 
(c) ‘resins/ etc. 
(c) 0-5% or less 
(c) about 0-4% 
(c) high % 
(c) nil 
The Naturalist 
