The Spread of Birch since the War. 
205 
BED. 
Lycopodiales. 
Lepidodendron lycopodioides Kidst. 
(PSternb.) 
,, ophiurus Brongt. 
,, cp. ophiurus Brongt 
,, simile Kidston 
,, acutum (Presl.) 
,, aculeatum Sternb. . 
„ obovatum Sternb. 
,, sp. 
Lepidophloios laricinus Sternb. 
,, cf. laricinus Sternb. . 
>. sp 
Lepidostrobus sp. 
Lepidophyllum lanceolatum L. & H. 
sp 
Stigmaria ficoides Sternb. 
Pinnularia capillacea L. & H. 
Forking stigmarian rootlets... 
Equisetales. 
Calamites suckowi Brongt. ... 
,, carinatus Sternb.... 
,, goepperti Ett. 
,, undulatus Sternb. 
,, schutzeiformis K. & J. . 
,, cisti Brongt. 
16 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
The specimens of bifurcating stigmarian rootlets have been 
presented to the Museum of the Geological Survey and 
representative specimens to the Geology Department of 
Leeds University. 
Finally, I would like to express my thanks to Messrs. 
George Armitage and Sons for allowing me access to the 
Quarry, to Dr. R. G. S. Hudson for his assistance, and to 
Dr. R. Crookall who has kindly examined many of the plants 
in the above list. 
THE SPREAD OF BIRCH SINCE THE WAR. 
HAROLD J. BURKILL, M.A., F.R.G.S. 
Mr. F. H. Day, in his notes in The Naturalist for July (p. 155) 
states that young Birches have taken possession in late years 
of open spaces on a moor he is studying in Cumberland. 
This statement is full of interest to botanists, and it would 
become more so if reports could be collected from all over the 
country. My own experience since the war has been mainly 
confined to the London area with short holidays further afield 
in some years. 
Round London, Birches (Betula pubescens and B. verrucosa) 
have appeared in large numbers on nearly every open space 
where they were not to be seen before. The felling of Pines, 
etc., in the war years gave the Birches a chance, previously 
1933 Sept. 1 
