Bird Migrations and Movements inside Liverpool. 229 
During the winter months, starlings ranged from 57 to 85 ; 
robins, blackbirds and wrens remained constant at 4, 5 and 4 
respectively ; blue tits varied from 3 to 7 ; hedge-sparrows, 
5 to 16 ; song thrushes, 4 to 10 ; chaffinches from 1, 2 or 4, 
or often none at all, to 30 ; greenfinches, 36 to 65 ; linnets, 
varying up to about 4. At the time of writing, I have recorded 
31 species in the sanctuary, consisting of the redbreast, blue 
tit, house-sparrow, hedge-sparrow, starling, song thrush, 
domestic pigeon, wren, blackbird and greenfinch, as regular 
nesters ; great tit, missel-thrush, occasional nesters ; chaf- 
finch, linnet, rook, jackdaw, herring and common gull, regular 
winter visitors ; redwing, nuthatch, pied wagtail, kestrel, cole 
tit, yellow hammer, tawny owl, occasional visitors ; and willow 
warbler, chiffchaff, whitethroat, goldcrest, visitors on migration. 
In the day-to-day census, the starling figures showed the 
first falling off when the winter visitors left on March 14th, 
when the temperature had steadily risen from 36° F. on 
February 23rd, to 49 0 and continued to rise after. The wind 
on that day was W.S.W. after previously being E.S.E., ,and 
on many counts before that, in February, N.N.W. and W.N.W. 
at the beginning of the month. The humidity was slightly 
lower than average at 77 per cent., and the barometer steady 
at 30.14. That day the starlings dropped from 72 to 47 ; a 
week later they numbered 21 ; three days later, 20 ; and on 
the 30th, 1 7. By April 4th, they had reached 9, and later, 
one or two passage birds, including a part albino, passed 
through and perhaps affected the counts, but three pairs 
remained behind to nest. The greenfinch flocks began to show 
signs of moving out of the city on March 30th, when the wind 
had changed from E.S.E. to W., and later to W.N.W. , and 
the barometer rising at 29.97, humidity being 82 per cent. 
The flock numbered had dropped from 65 to 36, and on April 
4th to 33, and two days later to 20. Thereafter most of the 
residents were nesting, about six to eight pairs, and only 
cock birds in song could be counted safely in the increasing 
burgeoning of the foliage. 
The willow warblers call in on migration through the city 
in May, and sometimes stay a day or two in the shrubberies. 
The goldcrests (first noted in 1931) are now regular passage 
migrants in ones or twos in March, whilst at the end of the 
nesting season there is a regular passage through of young 
willow-warblers, which stay longer than the spring migrants. 
Pied wagtails and other birds call in after crossing the Mersey 
and making through the city to open countryside, and possibly 
meadow pipits pass through on the early spring migration 
north from the winter quarters in France and Spain. I have 
watched this passage through the city on the lawns at St. 
John's Gardens, not far away, in March, but have been too 
ig33 Oct. 1 
