FOREST AND STREAM. 
New York Moosb.— Every one knows that portions of 
this Stato once abounded in moose ; and most people are 
aware that the last of the race disappeared many years ago 
from its limits. For this reason the introduction of a bill 
into the Legislature by Senator Wagstaff for the “ protection 
and preservation of moose in the State of New York" has 
created some merriment. Now let us state here that Col. 
Wagstaff knows very well what he is about, nnd that there i 3 
little occasion for so much laughter around the board. Those 
who have examined our advertising columns within the past 
few weeks may have noticed a call for live moose. The 
demand has come from parties who are endeavoring to 
restock certain localities in the Adirondacks with this noble 
animal ; and we take pleasure in informing the scoffers and 
the credulous that they have succeeded (through our own in- 
strumentality, in great part,) in obtaining male and female 
stock, and that in a few weeks it cannot be asserted with 
truth that there are no moose in New york State. Now, 
without some law in regard to the killing of moose, nothing 
would stand in the way of their all being destroyed in k single 
season. Precautionary measures are necessary and most im- 
portant, and Senator Wagstaff is not only to be commended 
for his foresight but is entitled to the amende honorable of 
every man who has made his proposition a subject of ridicule. 
From an initial stock of a half dozen pairs of moose we should 
have 20 animals the second year ; 40 the third year ; 80 the 
fourth year; 120 the fifth year; nnd 240 the sixth year. 
Moose produce one calf at a birth the first year, and after- 
ward two. In the course of six or seven years, hunting 
might be permitted, with a limit to the number killed by each 
gun, as is now done in Nova Scotia, after a three years’ total 
prohibition. 
Long Lake Game Club— Long Lake , N. V., Jan. 19.— A 
club numbering forty-two members was organized here Jan. 
19, for the protection of g ime and the prosecution of all of- 
fenders within the limit of the town. This embraces the 
region which has for a long time been considered the best 
burning and fishing grounds in the Adirondacks. We con- 
gratulate the citizens of Long Lake on their action and wish 
for them success in this mucu needed movement. The offi- 
cers of the club are: C. B. Hanmer, Pres.; R. Cary, Vice 
Pres ; C. W. Blanchard, Sec.; A. A. S. Hanmer, Treas.; R. 
Shaw, Prosecuting Attorney. 
Saginaw (Mioh. ) Game Protection Club. — The following 
officers have been elected: Pres., A. H. Mershon ; Vice-Pres., 
O. B. Headley; Sec. ami Treas., J. B. Peter; Ex Com., A. 
H. Mershon, Joshua Tuthill and Wm. J. Loveland. Several 
honorary or corresponding members, elected in localities iu 
Northern Michigan, where similar clubs do not exist, will co- 
operate with the Saginaw Club in requiring observance of the 
game laws. Our club has a membership ot over fifty, includ- 
ing some of our most prominent citizens, and with a splendid 
set of working officers we are doing our level best for the per- 
petuation of game aad fish and insectivorous birds. Qoi Vive, 
§//e §i/1e. 
THE FOFkEST AND STREAM AND ROD 
AND GUN TOURNAMENT 
For the Short-Range Championship 
And three team medals, which will be awarded to the teams 
making the first, second and third best scores. Other prizes 
will be offered also, to take place at Conlin's shooting gallery. 
Open to teams from any organized rifle club. 
Condition*.— Teams— Each team shall oonsrit ol ten men. The teams 
participating must be composed of members of the various clubs 
which they represent. Rifles— Limited to ten pounds In weight ; mini- 
mum pull of trigger, Mir.-e pounds ; 82-100 cal. Teams can furnish 
their owu rifles and ammunition, or uso those at the gallery, as they 
miy desire. Number of Shoia— Ten by each competitor. Sighting 
Shots— Two shots will be allowed each competitor. Position— Off- 
hand. Targets— 200-yards tirgeis. according to the regulations of the 
N H. A. reduced in proportion to the range at the gallery. Practice— 
No practice allowed ou the day of the match. Entrance Fee— Five 
dollars to be paid at the office of the Forrst and Stream and Rod 
and (5 UN, No. ill Fulton street, N. Y. All teams desiring to compete 
must be entered ten days before the time the match Is announced to 
take place. Tne match to be governed by the rules of the N. R. A. 
relating to teams. Captains of the competing teams shall meet one 
week before the commencement of the match, make all preliminary 
arrangements, choose referees, and decide In what orner their respects 
lve teams shall shoot. The referees shall elect an umpire, whose de- 
cision In all cases shall ne Anal. 
The match will commence on Monday, March 11. 
Ballard Rifle.— Messrs. Schoverliog & Daly have pre- 
sented as a prize for the Forest and Stream and Rod and 
Gun match, to be shot at Conlin’s Gallery on March 11, a 
very superior Ballard rifle. We are pleased to state that this 
contest is now assuming shape, and we believe that fully a 
dozen teams selected from our leading rifle clubs will par- 
ticipate in the match. 
to be paid on or before June 10th to Mr. F. Harenburg, 
Treasurer of the Sharpshooters’ Union, No. 190 Greeuwich 
street, New York. The match will take place at the Scheut- 
zen Park, Union Hill. Any commuuio .lion directed to the 
President of the Association, Captain George Aery, or to the 
Corresponding Secretary, J. H. Behrens, Esq., No. 87 Bowery, 
New York, in regard to the rifle contests to be shot at the 
schuetzeufest, will receive immediate attention. 
It is to be hoped that American clubs will participate in this 
leading event, as it will demonstrate quite as thoroughly as 
any malch we know of the proficiency of riflemen at 200 
yards. We will shortly gfve full details in regard to the 
method of shooting in use by the German sharpshooters. 
1 ■ — • 
NICK ON THE CENTENNIAL TROPHY 
IN FRANCE. 
SCHUETZENFEST. 
The Forest and Stream and Rod and Gun takes great 
pleasure in announcing to its numerous German friends 
throughout the United States, that on the occasion of the 
80HCTRTZ1£NFBST, 
which will take place on June 24, 1878, we frill present to a 
wiuning team, to consist of ten men, a handsome gold medal, 
which we are now liaviug made especially for this occasion. 
The entranco fee will ba $15 for each team. After deducting 
cost of markers, etc., the remaining money will be divided 
among ihe various competing teams. The entrance fees are 
COME of our riflemen are seemiugly very anxious to sus- 
‘—7 taiu the honor of our country iu matters ot marksman- 
ship on foreign fields. They are anxious to rush ofl at even 
the intimation of a possible chullcngo, and above all they 
are not averse to the risks and the exertion of a pleasant 
foreign jaunt. To this there can be no objection. It is 
very proper that we should let the whole world know our 
desire and feel our ability to sustain for what seems an in- 
definite period the title we have won to the championship 
laurels in this as in other fields of exertion. But not only 
do these gentlemen propose to go abroad, but they intimate 
that it would be a proper and fitting occasion to send the 
Centennial Trophy about Europe begging for an owner. 
There have been complications, misunderstandings and 
misapprehensions enough about that blessed buuble without 
stirring up a fresh stock of explanatory correspondence by 
a flagruul violation of its condition in this manuer proposed. 
After all the time and trouble, printers’ ink aud postage, 
which have been squandered in making tbe typical Britisher 
understand that, an Irishman and a Scotchman might shoot us 
such without thereby threatening the stability of the British 
Empire, it does seem a tempting of fate to evoke a new in- 
cursion of hornets about our rifle managers' ears. 
The language of the conditions is plain ns can be, and 
says : “Such trophy to be shot for in each subsequent year, 
upon the same terms, in the country of the teum uolding it, 
at such time and place as said team or a majority thereof 
shall prescribe." The language of “ each subsequent year " 
has been already subjected to an interpretation by the 
lounders of the prize or their representatives, the Directors 
of the N. R. A ; but, touching the question of place, it has 
been wisely thought to let well euough alone, and until 
something more potent in the way of reason shall be offered 
than the mere desire of a half dozen or less to enjoy a Euro- 
pean trip, it is simply absurd to think of any change. Even 
if the conditions were not so unequivocal ou that point, the 
action of the team the other day would seem to fix the mat- 
ter beyond dispute ; and with the programme of this year’s 
shoot already out, with the words, “To be shot for in the 
United States of America in September, 1878," nothing 
further would seem to be called for iu the way ol comment; 
but once let the project of a French trip flit before our 
young rifleman's eyes and he forgets everything but the 
grasping of the present gratification. 
Opinion is luckily not so unanimous on the point as to 
raise any immediate danger of a foolish step, as one mem- 
ber of the existing American team characteristically ex- 
pressed himself : “ 1 don't see why we should trail the tail 
of our coal all over Europe begging people to step ou 
it. If anybody wants that brass eagle ou a stick they 
know how they can come aud get it, or at any rate come to 
try to get it; but I cau't see any use iu throwing it at them. 
We’ll lose it soon euough, and then will be lime enough to 
dust about aud see to coaxing it nome again; then, and not 
till then will we have anything to go to Europe for, if the 
trophy goes there, or uny where else it may wander to. 
Of course, we all understand that it belongs here as a mat- 
ter of course, and must remain here until won, and wnen any- 
body or bodies make up his or thtir mind to carry it off, why 
we have no objection, provided they show the better score.” 
This looks like a bit of brag, but there is a spice of hold-fast 
in it, too ; and it is a proper view of the subject to have, for 
one who, like a team man, is merely acting in the capacity of 
a trustee on behalf of American riflemen. Aside from all feel- 
ings of mere pride, there is a sensible matter-of-fact view to 
be taken of the cose. Is it at all likely that any such favor 
would be shown an American team by any foreign power 
under similar circumstances ? Recall the visit of the team of 
1875 to Wimbledon, and the negotiations growing out of the 
proposiiion to have the American team shoot side by 6ide with 
the other teams in the contest for the Elcbo shield, not as a 
prize-taking team, but merely in the way of an exhibition, and 
for the purpose of comparison. As a matter of historical 
I act, our eight at that time and place were weak, very shaky m 
their tail-end men ; but fearing that the prestige of their time- 
honored trophy might be dimmed, the offer of a pluce for our 
squad, first made from their side, was respectfully withdrawn 
Is our centennial trophy such a mere iusigniticaot affuir that 
it should be hawked about in the inauner suggested by a cou- 
temporary journal? Compared with the Elcho shield, the one 
is a local badge of supremacy, the other an emblem of inter- 
national superiority. In upholding our claim to the posses- 
sion of the Palma, we hf.ve whipped aud routed the very 
cream of the Elcho Shield champions. The scores bear no 
comparison, so far superior are our figures. In fact, the more 
it is considered, the more ridiculous appears the proposition to 
lug the troptfly to France er anywhere else in search of an 
owner. A dignified respect for the rules of the match, which 
on this point do not appear to be at all unreasonable, will re- 
tain for us that respect which our previous victories have im- 
pressed upon the foreign mind, and to abate one jot or little 
can ouly open the door in the future to unforeseen blunders 
aud complications 
And yet, not for a moment would I be understood as dis- 
couraging the sending of an American team to Paris, pro- 
vided such a representation can be sent without detriment to 
our home interests. There is much to be gamed by an exhibit 
of our proficiency in ride practice in connection with the 
Paris Exposition ; but business before pleasure holds here as 
elsewhere. Our first care should be to see to it that we are 
at home ready to receive auy who may come to carry oil the 
Ccoteunial trophy. Tbe call in connection with that contest 
S; ll r q " e8tioa " f e° in '’ t0 or elsewhere must re- 
trad“ciory 80l | nel '’ tu « m '*re ofhoml than con- 
receivc«lb?fon» S? e news dupatches per cable must be 
forrnaM.m^! 0 C i “ / aot 0a wha,evir r “'> he talo n. No in- 
ceived by £ N R bo T ed h> V et 1,e n 
country 7 a7i?l 1 1 nil A f Amenca - ,,r b - v lho riflemen of this 
,l 
Enough lS d l be , d r ut h °® B h> occupy all our time. 
soualue caving o u d r Tel h ° n, , C a " d ubroad ltt ►"‘.sly any rca- 
tory. Evervthion now u " m ‘ for lbe sweet fruit* of vic- 
and we-or auLn^talorTin a '‘ d f Srt T e in th ® nfle hon7l ">. 
store for uswithomJ^ T*" 1 wbat tbe have in 
friendly sort. g0 ng ubroud 10 stir up strite eveu of a 
Nick. 
FIRING SUBMERGED RIFLES. 
SOME VERY NEW AND CURIOUS RESULTS 
Offlot er “ 1 , UCbRtiU8 ; th ° WCl1 kn0WU Aostrian 'ordnance 
such m' 'I T PCCU ,ar COu9tractiOQ of ^nnou has attracted 
such marked altenuon, has been niakiugsomo novel experiments 
" b dre ',y" 18 „ 11 bccame ft question with the Austrian officer 
to study the effects of firing rifles under water, the whole arm 
being submerged. A brief account of these experiments wore 
published by General Uehatius some time ago. We were for- 
tunate enough to be present this week at some initial experi- 
ments, made by Lieutenant Count Kolowrat, of lho Austrian 
army, and Dr. H. A. Mott, Jr. A large tank having been 
built, this receptacle was filled with water to n depth of some 
five feet. The arms used were the .68 cal. Springfield, the 
.oh U. S., and the .43 Spanish model rifles, furnished by the 
Messrs. Remington. The arm was held in a wooden rest, 
submerged some three feet, then loaded with the ordmary 
shell, and fired at a piece of pine bo ird, some three foot long, 
six inches wide, by about oue inch thick. 
Now, if a person fairly versed in the science 6f projectiles 
were asked, “ How far will a rifle, loaded with the usual 
charge of powder, send its ball under water?" the answer 
would probably be of the vaguest character. The resistance 
such a non-compressible medium as water presents to the 
flight of the ball is of the most remarkable clmracter. It 
would hardly be believed that about four feet under water is 
pretty nearly a limit of penetration for a. rifle ball ; u difference 
of only a few inches rao e or less as to the target, whether it 
be moved nearer or further from the muzzle of the piece, 
affects the penetration. In General Uehatius’ experiment 
the Austrian Werndl rifle did not throw the ball so as to pem- 
trate at a distauce of four feet nine iuchei when fired under 
water. The limit of penetration arrived at as to distance 
was 3 .28 feet from the arm. In the experiments we wit- 
nessed in company with A. Alford, Esq., a ball from a .53 
cal. Uemiugton, capable of peuctration at a tnile, did not per- 
forate the piece of pine board at four feet distunco from the 
muzzle of the rifle, while with the .50 cal., at the same dis- 
tance, the ball was embedded. The .43 cal. made but a slight 
impression. At five feet, with the heaviest charge, no effect 
was visible on the target. About three feet tea inches seemed 
to be, on an average, the absolute raugc for penetration from tbe 
arms used. Of course these experiments fully established 
those made by General Uehatius. The wonderful thing about 
all this is, that au inch makes a difference, in soire cases, ns 
to whether there is penetration or not. Now, r may be asked, 
“ What is the use of experiments made by firing rifles under 
water?" The answer may he expressed as follows : “ When 
the facts of firing submerged arms are studied, and the exact 
action a dense medium may have on the flight of projectiles 
is better understood, range and peuelration miy be arrived 
at with the greatest precision. ” It is the intention of Count 
Kolowrat, in conjunction with Dr. Mott, to make a series of 
the most careful experiments lending to this end. It is not 
impossible, then, to advance the idea as a result from these 
studies, that in the future, when an arm is to be tested, in- 
stead of firing it in the air it will be fired under water. Long- 
ranges for testing rifles will he supplanted by water tuoks. Of 
course the density of the fluid, the barometrical pressures, 
and the temperature, and the depth at which the unn is placed 
will he carefully studied. We shall watch these experiments 
with submerged arms with great interest, trusting soon to 
give our readers^the many novel facts likely to be eliminated. 
PENETRATION BY AN 
RIFLE. 
EXPRESS 
Editor Forest and Stream : 
I have read in your paper occasional communications in 
regard to the Express bullet, but very little about the Express 
rifle or its penetration. As I have a double Express rifle, 45 
calibre, made by Alexander Henry, of Edinburgh, which I 
have used, aud as the results vary from those which I read in 
F. and S. in regard to penetration, I have made some experi- 
ments with shells that were loaded two years last October. 
These shells were not loaded for any trial, but for huntmg. 
I made three shots, with the following results, at a pine 
block : The first went through a 14-inch olock, struck another 
and glanced off ; the second struck a knot and stopped after 
penetrating eight inches ; the third went so near a knot that 
it turned its course and penetrated 11 j inches. 
I send by express tbe block split, showing the bullet and 
the timber which it penetrated. 1 ulso scud some bullets shot 
into a snowbank alter going through a pasteboard target. 
Will some of our scientific men tell us why the Express bullet 
expands aud flies to pieces when shot into a very soft sub- 
stance, while it retains its form nearly as well as a solid bullet 
when shot into a hard substance ? Sportsmen need not doubt 
the power of the Express rifle to break bones aud lour the 
flesh into fragments. I have made respectable shooting at 800 
yards, though not iutended for that use. 
Ccoteunial trophy, me call in connection wnu mat couiesi jjiuce mukiog the above shot* I have read a communication 
has gone forth, and until the 1st of June, the limit of time for 1 from “ Viator,” which 1 fully indorse as far as my experience 
