and sm,A 
making a total of 35o/oo0 which Tn tZ 
transplanted into Clear Lake* Aftnough arran Jmentehad 
fnvnr^ de { ° r 8 8u, ? p,y of 300.000 eels, owing tn the very un- 
SSSSdfaSSSS 100,000 Werc received - This were cle- 
road. tL 8treama cr °ssed by the Northwestern ltuil- 
of privlsrlnit re - 8t in fl8 l l cu,ture » and the establishment 
?lcK einrecsL f ,‘ S no * d wi,h satisfaction, and the con- 
one of lhc P lpn^ d th “V n a fevv y ea *' 8 pursuit will become 
Ihwton thp 6 ^ 1 ^ p . ro< ^ UCID S interests of the State. In con- 
tion of 5 aiVwinV^ lhe , past tw ° y ears aggregates n distribu- 
'' 5,700 fish .and the success attending the work, the 
fmm the wn i m /?,? lllUes ’ the marked benefit already resulting 
binr tn he r k ° f " e ? wt au(1 the promise of the future, com- 
»7nrll , rflge continued effort and warrant the belief that 
bberafreturna ° ll “ e and m0Dey wi]1 be awarded with 
Egq8 of the White Fish and Salmon for Germany and 
Franoe.— On the 26lh of January, by direction of the United 
States Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries, Mr. F. Mather re- 
ceived some 60,000 eggs of the Coreyonua alfms (white fish) 
from Mr. F. Clark, of Northville, Mich. These eggs were 
forwarded in the steamer Mosel to the Deuache Fiachcri 
erein. On the 16th of February, some 25,000 egg 9 of th» 
land-locked salmon, coming from M. C. G. Atkins, of Uucks- 
port, Me, were shipped by the Donau to the same association 
in a few days a consignment of the eggs of the land-locked 
salmon wil be sent by Mr. Mather to the Sockte d'Acclimata. 
turn m Pans. 
gjisforg. 
BfRDS WITH TEETH. 
live in an age of surprises; some of them agreeable 
* but too taany saddening. With what feelings of re- 
gret do we not contemplate the abolition of time-honored cus- 
toms the breaking down of old institutions and the exposure 
ns fables of legends in whose truth we have religiously trusted 
om earliest childhood. Truly this is a world of change and 
there is nothing in it which is stable. Those of us who in our 
secret souls still cling to the beliefs of the past may well cry 
out, ,0 tempera , O mores, whither are you leading us? Many a 
supposed old fable is now known to be a truth, and what we 
have always regarded as truths are often, in these latter days 
proved to be arrant falsehoods. The kraken, long classed 
among the myths of the dark ages, has been proved to exist 
and even the much ridiculed sea serpent is believed in by 
many intelligent people. An eminent ornithologist has assert- 
ed in a late work that pigeon’s milk is no longer a myth, but 
a fact; and still more recently our trust in that ancient simile, 
as scarce as hen’s teeth,” has been overthrown, and that ven 
erable saying is added to the already long list of shattered be- 
liefs which we must banish from our minds forever. 
PiRure 1 . 
Figure 2. 
Extracts from Letters Concerning the Con- 
dition of the California Salmon Eggs on 
Arrival at their Destinations. 
Livingston STONE, Esq. : H ° PE ' PennsylvaaJa « 0 °‘°»>er 0. 1876. 
‘T~ l recelvei1 tbe seventy-live thousand (75.000) California 
U -Z!° 1 UC banUred and forty-two (142) eggs 
Truly yours, ' ' 
J- B. Thompson. 
Livingston Stone, Esq : ST- Padl ' Minnesota, October 9, 1S7G. 
Btifmat TT eg8S as8lgne ‘ 1 10 oar Sb»e came safely on the 
Very respect^ tW WU<ai aC00,)t ° ur t,iaDks 
R. o. Sweeny. 
LrviNosTON Stone, Esq. : Belleville, Illinois, October is, i$ro. 
Fl9hlUgClub reoe,v ed one hundred thou- 
nJ, California salmon eggs on the 6th luai. The enirs were 
well packed and in excellent order " ere 
C. 
L. 8tonb, Esq. : Westp °«t, Fatrfleld Co„ Conn., October 16, 1876. 
nla sdmon eaifa* 11 happy t0 ln,orm y°n that our consignment of Califor- 
beCe Q rTou^ ‘“^^'^^ath.n two per cent. 
E. M. Lees. 
Livingston Stone, Esq. : Madison ' Wisconsin. December II, 1876. 
The California salmon eggs are now hatched. A better lot of evvs 
S You ana your afl8l8,anta « «SL3S 
K Yours tr / k ana care wlth which they were packed. 
W. Wblch. 
Livingston Stone : Hkedsburo, Oct. 9, 1876.. 
Dtar .S.r-Th 0 eggs arrived this morning in good order onlv W 
Bend tb^ka forTlifi 5 ^ Tl" **** a '“° ng tUe tweuty tll0U3i * rid ’ (MJMO) i 
send tbanks for the careful packing. Yours truly, C . F. r B ed. 
L. Stonb, Esq : Baltimore, October, 13, 1877. 
^ ** mc ,ome “«• ■-<». 
JSSSSSi. r . 
Livinoston Stonb, Esq. : Toledo, Ohio, 'Oct. 18, 1877. 
«M a ^.ifirM The , COn9lgara0ntOf two hundred and fifty thousand 
(200,000) California salmon eggs reached me on Tuesday last, fitiTlnst 
in good condition, not over one in five hundred being spolL T^ey 
Ven tZ° P tUe Uatcbery bere - where they are doing well. * 
y ' Emery D. Potter. 
Livinoston Stone, Esq.: Chicago, Oct. 15, 1877. 
Dear sir - The salmon eggs arrived here about ten days ago, In most 
excellent order. Toutemtl,, N. t 
Livinoston Stone : VlR0IN,i Military Institotb, Oct. 21 , 1877. 
Dear Sir- The eggs came to hand In good condition, between three 
and four prt cent, showing dead after being in water twenty-four hours. 
Some of the trays are now hatching, and with no accidents, hope to 
have a very auccossful season. Very truly, M . MoDonali, 
Livinoston Stone, Esq.: Eloin - IIIInoIa> Dec - 17 « 18 77. 
ill/ u*ar Sir— The CuiLforola salmon eggs oamo to very nice shane 
and hatched with but small loss. Yours, w a C ’ 
[Extract from the LyMeton Tithes, Christchurch, Kew Zealand 
Not ember 14, IsTT.J 
FI3U OULTDRK IN OPAWA. 
The Wellington consignment of American salmon ova arrived on 
Saturday last by tho Rotura.” The splendid condlt on in which tney 
rio ^ eCti * :eat r‘ t0n tU0fe ,b America 
Brookhaven, L. I., has appropriated *200 from the hav 
BirS„ 0 H CL “ ter , R ‘ rer ''I»“ B 0 ullu a rc Ttbe™y» 
rime rornt, during the coming spring. } 
SKELETON OF HESPERORN1S REQALIS. — Alili's/t. 
Of all the great variety of of fossil animal remains found by 
tbe geologist "bird bones are tbe rarest. This is due in part to 
their small size as compared with the bones of beasts and rep- 
tiles, but still more to their extremely delicate and fragile 
character. A combination of lightness and strength is obvi- 
ously essential to the conditions of a bird's life, and (he hones 
which make up the skeleton are unusually strong, containing 
in their composition ft much greater proportion of the phos- 
phates of lime then is found in the bones of the mammalia. 
This, while it-adds to their strength, of course increases their 
weight nndf to compensate for this increase, most of the bones 
of the bird-skeleton are hollow, either containing large air cav- 
ities, or being partially filled with a cancellated network of 
bone which, while adding little to the weight, increases very 
considerably their strength, permitting, however, a free circu- 
lation of air. These air cavities not only lessen the weight of 
the bird, but, boing.fllled with air much warmer than the out- 
er atmosphere, the specific gravity of the bird, and conse- 
quently the labor of flying, is considerably diminished. 
It is apparent that bones constructed on such principles as 
the foregoing, while they are of the greatest possible use to 
their possessor, are badly fitted for withstanding the rough 
usage to which they are likely to bejubmitted after deuth and 
during the progress of geological changes. This pneumaticiiy 
of the bird'9 boues is therefore very much against their preser- 
vation, and when subjected to the great pressure of superin- 
cumbent masses of earth they are likely to be crushed and the 
fragments, -when the .beds which contain them are denuded, 
washed awa) , scattered aud lost. Only two specimens of the 
Jurassic bird, Airhaopteryx, have been found, both imbedded 
in the lithographic slate of Solenhofen, a matrix which is ex- 
ceptionally favorable to their preservation, and but two cre- 
taceous birds ere known from England, both in a very im- 
perfect and fragmentary condition. In tiiis country, however, 
in tbe soft yellow limestone which underlies so large a portion 
of the plains of Kansas, and in the green-9and deposits of 
New Jersey, have been found more cretaceous birds than 
are known from all the other deposits of this age put 
together. 
In 1872 Prof. Marsh described several species from these lo- 
calities; and since that time a number of others have been 
found, mainly in Kansas, so that at present the bony frame- 
work of two widely different types is quite fully known. The 
most extraordinary fact about these ancient forms is that, so 
far as the 6kull is known in the different species, they all poa- 
l 
iothtii torn is dispar. — Mar ah. 
Twice natural size. 1 * 9. Top and side view of left lower jaw ; I * 
4. Front and side views of a cervical vertebra. 
One of these remarkable birds, IchthyomU, the one in 
which the presence of teeth was first detected, agrees in many 
points with some of our modern forms, resembling more closely 
a tern, or gull, than any other existing bird. It was well fitted 
for flight, having a strong keel on the sternum and very 
powerful wings, while the legs and feet were comparatively 
small aud weak. Still, the presence of teeth in distinct sock- 
ets, the fact that the vertebra- are somewhat biconcave, the 
latter a character only'of the fishes and lower reptiles, together 
wiih other peculiarities less striking to the non-scieutific mind 
clearly entitles it to the position of the type of a new sub-claM 
of birds which Prof Marsh has happily termed Odontornithea 
or birds with teeth. This form too is so different from another 
toothed bird discovered by the same paleontologist in substan- 
tially the same geological horizon that it lias been placed in an 
order by itself, to which has been given the name Odontotormae 
in allusion to the manner of implantation of its teeih. 
The other peculiar group to which we bavo referred has for 
its type the genus Hesperorn is, and differs almost as widely 
from Ichthyornia as from modern birds. Like its contempor- 
ary it had teeth, but these teeth were not in sockets, but were 
implanted in a long groove in both the upper and lower jaws; 
in tho latter, however, the teeth did not extend to the extrem- 
ity of the bill, but were confined wholly to the middle and 
posterior portion. Jleaperornia was a water bird, and in the 
general configuration of its body approaches quite nearly the 
loons of to-day. The resemblance, however, is merely super- 
ficial and adaptive, being a consequence of its aquatic habits. 
In total length, measured from the extremity of the bill to tho 
tips of the toes, it was about six feet, and was thus larger 
than any living bird except tbe ostrich and its allies. Its legs 
were enormously stout and powerful, as it was necessary that 
they should be, since it lacked any other means for locomo- 
tion. It was even worse off than the existing penguins, for 
they can use their rudimentary wings in swimmiDg, while 
Hcapcromia had no visible wings. That this was the case was 
first inferred from the fact that the sternum, or breast bone, is 
destitute of a keel, being flatter than even that of the ostrich. 
More recently, the discovery of the humerus, or upper arm 
bouc, has confirmed this supposition, and it appears that this 
was the only bone of the wing present, and that even this was 
coucealed beneath tho skin. Thus Hcapcromia was, so far as 
wings are concerned, even worse off than the Apteryx, in 
which the bones of the wing, although very small, are all 
present. Many of the characters of the skull on this geuus 
seem to ally it to the Ratitca (ostrich, cassowary, apteryx, etc.), 
and, in his recently published Nashville address, Prof. Marsh 
has remarked that it “ was essentially a carnivorous swim- 
ming ostrich.” Too many remarkable features are colloeted 
here, however, to admit of its being placed with aDy known 
group, and hence it becomes the type of a second order of 
Odontornithea under the name Odontoka (teeth in grooves). 
The two types above described include, so far as known, 
all the toothed b.rds hitherto discovered. It is true that the 
Archaoptcryx has been thought by some to have possessed 
teeth, but a careful examination of the specimen by the best 
