FOREST AND STREAM 
27 
elate of rest." While it ie impossible for him to be absolutely at 
rest, his forward motion Is thon so slackened, by changing into 
up aud down motion, that, if oIobo by, a ball flrod direotly at him 
will hit him somewhoro. But this is ouly whon he is jumping 
high. And if he is seventy or eighty yards away you cannot get 
the ball into that place until he is out of it, unless you fire before 
he reaches it. 
If “ Doer-Hunter ” will read this carefully, he will, I think, find 
that thero is no difference between us (except the lateral motion, 
whioh I hope he will abandon), my position being only that a deer 
may bo hit close by or going slow, without holding ahoad of him, 
but that even then you will be more sure of him by holding 
ahead ; and that at any considerable distance or speed you must 
hold ahead to hit him forward of the flank, althongh I may be a 
foot or more out of the way in my estimate of the amount of 
margin necessary. Of course, in the instances given, allowance 
must be made for poor shooting, as I don’t olaim to bo a craok 
shot, and no one can put a ball just where he wants to under 
such circumstances. But I have fired far more than enough shots 
to elimiuate all results of ohanoe from the problem, and to sat- 
isfy me beyond all doubt of what I stated, that the distance ne- 
cessary to hold ahead for good success is muoh greater than is 
generally supposed, and that ignorance of this faot is the main 
reason why so many good hunters make suoh wrotched work on 
running deer with the rifle. And howover good work one may do 
by holding on. it only proves to my mind that he oould do Bplondid 
work by holding ahead. 
If I have dwolt upon this point to a tedious extent, it is because 
of its importance ; because the reason why they do so is so little 
known or suspected by those who are mortified by missing, and 
because all books that I have seen are silent upon this kind of 
shooting, the best, moat soiontifio and important in the whole 
range of rifle hunting, and the grandest and most satisfactory in 
the whole line of sporting. 
If any “old hunter " should feel sore at anything I have said, 
I havo only to say— I didn't mean you ; I’ve left a class of excep- 
tions aud you belong to them ; but you know it's true of the next 
man. What some old hunters don't know would make a good 
sporting encyclopcedia ; what many do know, but can’t or won’t 
tell, would make a still bettor one ; and what many (lo know and 
nan tell is better yet, and I hope some of them will comply with 
Deer-Hunters’’ polite request to “givo us their views, prac- 
tice and experience through these columns.” T. S. Van Dyke. 
PROJECTILES. 
DOES A BULLET COMMENCE TO FALL AS SOON AS IT LEAVES 
THE MUZZLE ? 
We publish the following interesting correspondence in 
full, and have to thank Col. Ship, of the Virginia Military In- 
stitute, for the lucid explanation he gives of some not very 
well understood laws in projectiles : 
Richmond, Va., Jan. 29, 18T8. 
Rifle Editor Forest and Stream and Rod and Gon : 
Some weeks since I purchased your book on “LoDg-Raoge Rifle 
Shooting,” having seen It advertised In the F. and S. and R. and G., a 
paper which Is read regularly by a majority of the members of our 
club (rifle). At one of our meetings I stated that you had asserted, on 
page S4, •• If a gnn Is fired In a perfectly horizontal position the ballet 
commences to fall as soon as it leaves the muzzle.” This produced a 
lengthy dlscnssloD, some contending that where a large charge of pow- 
der was used It would not be the case. We flnally agreed to leave It to 
Col. S. Ship, of the Virginia Military Institute. I Inclose you his reply, 
which I think will Interest a good many of your readers; certainly all 
In this locality. 
Yonra troly, <j. P . stokes. 
Lexington, Va,, Jan. 26, 1873. 
C. P. Stokes, Esq., Richmond, Va. : 
Dear Stokes — You aak, ‘‘Will a bullet, shot from a rifle, the axis of 
the boro being parallel to a perfectly level plane, be the same distance 
from this plane, when ten feet from the rifle, as when It left the rifle?” 
You say : “I have contended that It commences to fall the Instant It 
leaves the muzzle, unless the gnn has some elevation.” You are right 
In your view, but wrong In your qualification. It begins to fall 
whether the gun has elevation or not. It Is true, If the axis of the 
bore is perpendicular to your horizontal plane— that is, If the angle of 
tire is go deg.— the bnllet will go straight up, bat gravity la directly, In 
this Instauee, opposed to motion, and the ballet will go up with a 
velocity equal to the difference between that Impressed by the Impul- 
sive force of the charge and the retarding force of gravity; it Is pushed 
up by the charge, it Is held back by gravity ; It moves lu the direction 
of the resultaut. So gravity prevents the bullet attaining the height It 
would attain but for gravity, aud the Influence of gravity Is manifested 
lu Its retarding effects, not in this lnstaoco by an actual downward mo- 
tion. But If the axis of the bore makes with the horizontal any angle 
less than 00 deg., then the ballet will begin to fall the instant It leaves 
the muzzle, nnd the spaces fallen through will be proportional to the 
squares of the time during which It Is falling. Suppose a gun tired 
over a horizontal plane, with the axis of Its bore parallel to the plane, 
It will Btnko this plane at a certain determinate distance, depending 
upon charge, piece, bullet, etc., and this distance is called the “point- 
blank range." If gravity did not pull the bullet down, the range 
would be the same when the axis wus horizontal as when It Is iucllned 
upward ; that Ip, when the angle of flio Is zero, and when It 19 some 
quantity greater than zero, which la counter to the fundamental prin- 
ciples upon which the selenco of ballistics is based. Returning to 
your supposed case, let us assume that the Initial velocity of projection 
Is l,coo feet ; that Is, that the bullet will traverse 1,000 feet of ppace In 
the flrat second after leaving the piece, then It will require the 160 th 
pan of a second to go ton feet. But wo know that under the Influence 
of gravity a heavy body will fall 16.0833 feet In the first second of fall, 
or 102.9990 luohes. Then, In the first ten feet, It will fall 1,206th of un 
lueb. This of course Is merely for illustration, and does not represent 
the facts, for if a bnllet traverses 1,600 feet in one second It will accom- 
plish the first ten feet with a velocity vastly greater. In my calcula- 
tion I assume that equal spaces would be described In equal times, 
which Is not true, and lienee really, although the bullet must fall, it 
'onld not fall as much as l,200th of an Inch In going ten feet. The 
^•Ration of the trajectory lu vacuo la y— x tan. x 9th 8 . Your sup- 
posed case makes — 0 ; hence, tan. and the equation remains 
— K 9tl» 8 . You ■ ie the gravity Is still In the equation when x-0, 
or when axis is parallel to the horizontal plane. If the axis of the 
bore Is horizontal, the resistances to be ovcrcomo before the bnllet can 
be moved, are Inertia, friction, and the resistance of the air. If the 
axle Is Inclined upward, making an angle with the horizontal, the re- 
sistances to be ovei com# before the bnllet moves are inertia, friction, 
resistance of air , and the comj/onents of bright in the direction of motion. 
This last element does not enter whore the axis of the bore is horUoa- 
tal, and this may be what your opponents are driving at. Gravity op- 
poses no resistance to motion in a horizontal direction, but It acta in 
the direction of the vertical, and will poll the bnllet down In tbo first 
ten foot ; even In the first one-tenth part of an Inch. This point la 
material to a full consideration of the subject. 
Yonra truly, scott Shit. 
Ilere white. In turn, are guilty of a sin of omission ; they ought to 
havo played as suggested by Mesara. Elson and Nelli after the termina- 
tion of the game, the following somowhat obvious moves 
99-KLKta — 
22— P-B3 
23- P-R8! 
OH w-p tks Kt 
mZZIuVi? 25 R tks Kt 
26— R tks R 20 -Q tks R 
23- 0. RT 
24— Q I 
27— R-KT 27— Q-B 
28— R tks B P 28— R-Q 
29— R tks kt P ch 29—0 tiU R 
80— Q tka R ch with a pawn plus and 
Che chaauea lu their favor. 
JP* §mne ofi §ltess. 
Noticc.— C hess exchanges, communications aud solutions should bo 
addressed “ Chess Editor Forest and Stream, P. O. box 64, Woleott- 
vtllo, Conn.” 
Problem No. 5. 
Tourney set. No. 3. Motto- Wants a Little— Goss Ip. 
80LUTI0N8 — NO. 3. 
1— R-Kt7 1— K-Kt2 
2 — Q tks B mate 
1- 1-P-Q3 
2— R tks B P mate 
2— Q R-K R3 mate 
2 — Q ch mates 
•‘C 1 yjl AJ-IVU 
Several of our solvers consider this an Ingenious and difficult prob 
lem. Brief and to the point reviews will be given space hereafter. 
OPINIONS OF THE PRESS. 
Mr Kunkel’s well known ability guarantees an excellent chess col- 
umn to the readers of the Forest and Stream.— Chose Record. 
Mr. E. A. Kunkel, a devoted chess student and an enthusiastic lover 
of the game, having severed his connection with the tlobe. Is now con- 
ducting a chess column In the well known and popular sporilug Journal 
— J-'orest and Stream. Since Wilke's Spirit lias discontinued chess it 
leaves a vacuum which a live chess department In a widely circulated 
nnd InQnentlal paper like the Forestand Stream will acceptably nil 
and la sure to profit by. This undertaking gives Mr. K. a broader field 
In which to display his talent, and we wish him success .— Hartford 
Times. 
1 We congratulate the Forest and Stream upon the acquisition of Mr. 
E. A. Kunkel, formerly chess editor of the Globe. His name is a guaran- 
tee that this chess column will be the liveliest In the metropolis.— Uolu- 
oke Transcript. u 
The following Is the first of tho Philadelphia consultation games 
Messrs. Elson and Neill playing against Messrs. Davidson ami Relch- 
elm. This game with notes 19 taken from the Chess Record, which Mr. 
Relchelm so ably and entertainingly edits : 
. ouiuui, 18. I!ii7, 
between Max H. PeUor, Chess Editor of the Hartford Globe, and A Ol- 
dack champion of Middletown, Conn. 
«nm© No. lO. — SCOTCH QAMBIT. 
White. 
Poller. 
1- P K4 
2 — Kt-K B3 
3 — P-Q4 
4- P-B3 (a) 
6 — P tka Q P 
6— P tks P 
7- B.02 
8- Kt-B3 
9— B tks B (c) 
10— P tks B 
Black. 
Oldack. 
1- P-K4 
2— Kt-Q B3 
3 — P tks P 
4- P-Qt <b> 
6— Q tK8 P 
6— B chesks 
7- B-Ktfl 
9— B Iks K kt 
9— B tks kt 
10 — Castles 
Black. 
Oldack. 
11— Kt tkB P 
12— Kt-Q B3 
18-Q-QI 
14— R tks B 
15— Q-kt3 
1U-KUQ4 ? (U) 
1T-K-Kt 
18 — R-K 
19— o tka B p 19— R tka P ? ta\ 
20- cJ tka Kt I ZZSO-Rcslgm. ( ’ 
NOTES. 
(а) This move wo consider Inferior to B-Bt. An analysis of this line 
of attack appeared, wo bellovo, In u recent number of tho Schact /si- 
tting. 
(б) P tka P may bo hore played with perfect safety .| |Tho text move 
brings the Q Into play too early. 
(o) P tks B is the better move. 
(<0 This move Is quite weak, and the attack on tho BP nsoleas. Black 
now has u safe game, and tho Qamblt Pawn can bo maintained. R-K 
was tho proper move. 
(e) KttksP, anil Black could still make agallaut light. White’s next 
move la very pretty, although envious. 
cursory jottings. 
-Mr. M. D. L. Buell, Lebanon, 111., desires to play by correspondence 
with second-claas players ; and W. Russell and J. Hayward, of Uannl- 
>ul, Mo., wish to play, by postal card, two players con ultlng against 
them. 
-It has been calculated that out of every loo problems In two, throe 
and four moves, which have been published, In T of them the King 
moves first, In 9 the Pawn, in 13 the Knight, tn 18 tho Bishop, in 29 the 
Rook, and in 33 the Queen. Now Is tho chance for composers to move 
the unobtrusive Pawn on the flrst move, and construct a dlfflcult prob- 
lem. 
—We call the attontlon of onr readers to our two-move photographic 
tourney. Thus fur we have received only one two-move problem ac- 
companied by a photograph— all the way from Europe, shall we not 
receive a few more 7 
—A new chess column has made Its appearance In tho llolyoke (Mass.) 
Transcript. It Is edited by R. H. Seymour, aud tho problems In charge 
of George E. Carpenter, of Tarrytown, N. Y. 
—Mr. Peller has added a third and largo diagram to hla column In 
the Hartford Globe. One of this week's games Is kindly contributed by 
our friend and former editorial associate. 
—Of the American Chess Journal the Herald of Hannibal, Mo., says : 
“ Work la act ively progressing ou tho flrst number umlcr the new man- 
agement, and when it does appear, wo predict It will bo u • thing of 
beauty,' and, of course, a ■ Joy forever.' • • • . . After tho flrst 
number the Journal will como os regularly os your grocer's bin.” 
— “ A Chess Century ” la the tltlo of a problem book published by Dr. 
R. L. C. White, containing a hundred and odd olegunt probloms entered 
In one of his tourneys. The price Is only $1 00. 
—The 8t. Louis Down-town Chess Club will give a handicap tourney 
open to aU the players of St. Lonls. The entrance fee will be |i oo to 
members of the club and strangers. There will bo three classes, and 
competitors will be classified according to their strength. Eloven names 
have already been enrolled. 
Game No. 9.— ROY LOPEZ. 
mite. 
Davidson and 
Relcbelm. 
1— P-K4 
2 — Kt-K B3 
3— B Kto 
4— B-R4 
5— P-Q4 (a) 
6— Castles (b) 
7— P-Kto 
8— Kt tka P 
9— B tks Kt 
10— B-K3 
11— KI-B6 (d) 
12 — P-K Bi (e) 
Black. 
Elson and Neill. 
1— P-K4 
2— Kt-Q B3 
3— P-Q R3 
4— Kt-K B3 
5— P tks P 
6— B-K2 1 
7— Kt-K6 
8— KI-B4 
9— QP Iks B 
10 — Kt-K3 (c) 
11— Castles 
12— B-Bl 
White. 
Davidson and 
Relchelm. 
13— Kt-Q BSI 
14— Kt tks B 
15— Q-R6 1 (0 
16— Q R-K ! (h 
Black. 
Elson aud Neill. 
13- B tks B oh 
14- Q-K2 
16— P-K B3 I (g) 
16 — P tks P 
17- R-B2 
15- Q-B4I (j) 
19— Kt-QS I 
20— B tks P 
21— Q-B (m) 
^ & 
17— Q tks K P 
18— P-B5 (1) 
19 — Q-Kt3 (k) 
20— Q-B2 I (1) 
21— Kt-K4 
22— Kt tks B (n) • 22— lit tks kt 
23— Kt-Kt5 23— R-B3 
24— Kt-Kl drawn game 
NOTES. 
(а) The method of the Morphy period, and to our mind about as effec- 
tive as aDy other ; althongh Stelnltz and the German school incline 
towards *6— P-Q3, holding that this opening cannot beur the strain of 
a more open assault. 
(б) This Is perhaps slightly preferable to advancing the P-K5 at once. 
(e) The black allies consider this line of defence a mistake. 
(d) An Interesting deviation suggested by Mr. Davidson, giving rise 
to many complex and beantlfnl variations. 
(c) Best. Black cannot play P-B3 in reply, because of 13— Kt Iks R ch, 
14-P-B5 and P-K6. 
(f) The only good way of proceeding with the attack. 
(g) Played with rare good judgment. This appeura to be the best 
promise of relief. 
(A) Both attack and defence are most delicately poised. Very exact 
manoeuvring Is necessary. 
(0 IS— R-Q Is a powerful movo and was carefully considered ; but the 
charms of tho more aggressive IS— P-B8 prevailed. 
(J) Somelremarkable varlatlous arise here. Suppose: 
18— 13— Kt-Bt 
19— Q-Qt 19-Q-Q3 
20— Q tks Q 20— P IKS Q 
21— P-Q Kl4 21-Kt-Qa 
22— Kt-K4 22— P-Q4 
18— again If 18— Kt-B 
19— Q-Kt3 10— Q-B I 
20— lit-Kl 20-Q-Q8 
21— K-R 21— Q tks Kt or 
22— Kt-KM 22— Q-Q4 
• Another beautiful possibility. 
21— ' - C I 24— Kt-Bich 24— K-Kt 
24— Kt-Kts 22— R-B3 26— Kt mates 
23— Kt-KM 23— R tka P | 
(Jt) Kt-K5 is answered by Q-Q5. 
(0 Again the ouly forcible way of continuing the assault. 
(m) Some striking ploy results from Q-Kt3, e. g. 
28— Kt-Q6 23-R-K2 
24 — Kt tks Q P 24— RtkaR 
26 — R tks R 25-1* tks Kt 
26- K-K8 ch 26— Kt ln'p's 
27— Kt tks B and wins 
23— R-Q 23— Q tkB R P 
24— R-K 24— Q-Q4 
23 — IC R-Q 25-Q-B6 
26 — l’-Ku winning 
21 - 
22 — K-R I 
23 — Q-R4 
21— K tks R 
25— Kt-BJ 
20-Q-B4 
27-Kt-K6 
21— Q KtS 
22— B-Kt3 
23— R Iks R ell 
2 1 -R-K 
23-Q-R2 
26— P-K8 
27 — Kt-K3 
28— Kt-B6 ch 28— P tks Kt 
29— Q tks B P 29— B-R4 
30— Kt-BT 80— Kt-Kt« 
81— Kl tks Pell 81-K-R2 
81— Kt-113 34— Kt tks Kt 
83— Q tka Kt Ch 33— B-Kt3 
31— Q-R3 ch aDd white, we bellevo, 
must rest coutent with a drawn battle. Wo cannot, therefore, help 
thinking that 21— Q-B lg u slight blot In the masterly defence of Messrs. 
Elson and Neill, 
*ttd h er fishing. 
FISH IN SEASON IN FEBRUARY. 
Pompano, Trachynotu earolintis. 
Drum (two species). Family Scice- 
n idie. 
Klngflsh, Menticirrus nebulotus. 
Sea Bass, Scusnops oesllalus. 
SheeDshead, Archosargus probato- 
cephalus. 
Snapper, Lutjanus eaxus. 
Grouper, ttpinephehms nigritus. 
Trout (black bass), Centropristis 
at r anus. 
Striped Bass, or Rockffsh, Roecus 
linealus. 
TaUorOsh, Pomatomus saltatrix. 
Black Bases, Uicrupterus salmotdes: 
if. nigricans. 
The Trout Law in New York State.— S ec. 20. No porson shall kill 
or expose for sale, or have In hlsorhor possession, after tho same luts 
been killed, any speckled trout, save only from the flrst day of April to 
the flrst day of September, under a penalty not exceeding tweuty-nve 
dollars for each Osh. (Amended Ch. 411, Laws of is?;.) 
Inasmuch as it was inadvertently stnted in our last issue 
that the open season for trout fishing would begin on Long 
Island on the 15th of March, we lake occasion to publish the 
full text of the amendment to tho law as it was passed by the 
Legislature of 1877 — an amendment which it would appear the 
writer of the erroneous paragraph had forgotten. For many 
years an exception to the general law of this Stote was allowed 
to Long Island. We are glad that greater uniformity has now 
been secured. 
Fisn in Market— Retail Prices.— Striped bass, 20 to 25 
cents; smelts, 10; green do., 15; bluefish, 15; frozen salmon 
30 ; mackerel, 25 ; Southern shad, 50 cents to $1.50 ; white 
perch, 15 ; Spanish mackerel, 35 ; green turtle, 20 ; terrapin, 
$18 per doz. ; halibut, 12$ ; haddock, 8 ; codfish, 0 to 8 ; 
blackfish, 15; fioundera, 12$; sesTbass, 18; eels, 18; lobsters, 
10; sheepsheads, 25; scallops, $1.25 per gallon; soft clams, 
40 to 60 per 100 ; Whitehall, 18 ; pickerel, 18 ; salmon trout, - 
18 ; black bass, 18 ; bard crabs, $2.50 per 100 ; smoked bad 
dock, 12$ ; smoked salmon, 16 ; dry cod, 7, 
Vermont— Fcrrisburglt, Feb. 8.— FishiDg through the ica 
has been followed for some time, smelt and perch biting freely. 
Vkrd Monte. 
Movements of the Fishing Fleet,— The fishing arrivals 
for the past week included three more vessels from Fouuuo 
Bay, N. F., which corroborate the previous reports of inter- 
ference with the Newfoundland herring fishery and the fail- 
ure of the bu9ine.«8 for the Gloucester fleet. The receipts of 
frozen herrin from Newfounland will bo the lightest 
known sine business was engaged in, comprising one 
fare in por another at New York. Herring are plenty in 
