FOREST AND STREAM 
185 
paper on drawing, viz.: by weighing paper or thin sheet- 
lead, cut to the outline of the figure of which the area is re- 
quired, and comparing the weight with a square foot or 
inch of the same substanc e. If a delicate ballance is used 
this method is very accurate, for very irregular figures more 
accurate than any method of calculation. Diagram 40 will 
serve to explain some methods of finding areas by calcula- 
tions: The triangle A, 13, C represents the half section of a 
vessel, and its area is found by multiplying the length of the 
side AC by the length of the side C 13, and dividing the 
product by 2, this gives the area of the triangle ABC. If 
the half-section nearly approaches the triangular form, and 
the curved side from A to B is nearly straight, the follow- 
ing rule may be used : Divide the section into a number of 
equidistant ordinates, add half the sum of the first and last 
ordinates to the sum of the remaining ordinates, and multi- 
«*0 on I BOH HEEL 
ply their sum by the distance between the ordinates. Ap- 
plying this rule to the diagram we divide the sideC B of the 
triangle into four equal part9 by parallel lines ; these lines 
aro called the ordinates, and arc numbered 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5. 
No. 1, as shown in the diagram, is a point without lineal 
length, but in practice its length would be equal to the half 
thickness of the keel ; to simplify the diagram and calcula- 
tions thereon it is represented on the diagram as a point. 
The length of ordinate No. 1 is 0 ; of No. 2, is 4 ft.; of No. 
3,isl ft.; of No. 4, is lift.; of No. 5, is 2 ft. The dis- 
tance between the ordiuates is one-half a foot. Apply the 
rule and we have : one-half the sum of No. 1 and No. 5 ordi- 
nates equals one foot ; the sum of ordinates Nos. 2, 3 and 4 
equals three feet, which, added to the half sum of ordinates 
1 and 5, equals four feet ; four feet multiplied by oue-half 
foot, the distance between the ordinates, equals two feet, 
which is the area of the triangle ABU. When the sections 
numbered sections multiplied by four, and the sum of the 
remaiuing odd numbered sections multiplied by two, and 
multiply the sum of the whole by one-third of the common 
interval or distance between thesectious, the product equals 
one-half the displacement of the whole vessel in cubic feet. 
Multiply by two for whole displacement, to which mhst be 
added the area of the keel mid deadwood ; this last sum 
divided by thirty-five will give the displacement in tons, not 
the tonnage which is an arbitrary and variable measure of 
no accuracy or utility except as a measure of comparison. 
The builder's measurement is to multiply the length, breadth 
and depth together, and divide by niuty five, the product 
being the tonnage. To calculate the distance of the centre 
of gravity of the displacement from number one section : 
Multiply the area of each section by the number of its 
place from number one section ; if then the sum of the 
areas and the quotient is multiplied by the distance between 
the sections the product will be the distance that the centre 
of gravity of the displacement is back of number one sec- 
tion. Note — Number two section is one remove from num- 
ber one section, and is therefore multiplied by one ; number 
three section is two removes from number oue section, and 
is multiplied by two, etc. Other centres arc calculated on 
the same principle. As before intimated, calculations of 
stability tut) lengthy and of little practical use. The most 
important calculations in yacht construction have now been 
given. In the next 'paper various details of rigging, sail 
making, etc , will be given, also the model of a yacht with 
a midship section similar to that of tho celebruted yacht 
Sappho. 
Centennial Yacht Club. — A new club just organized 
in Jersey City with twenty-five member has ndopted this 
patriotic name. May it live for a hundred years to come. 
Nkenait Yacht Club. — On lost Tuesday, April 2, the 
Necnah Yacht Club elected clllcers ns follows: S. F. Henry, 
Commodore; Alex Billstein, Vice-Commodore; E. W. Clark, 
Fleet Captain; Chaa. H. Coltou, Secretary; Hugh Wilson, 
Treasurer; H. O. Clark, Mcnsurer; Regatta Committee: J. 
N. 6toue, Geo. Kingsbury, Geo. Kellogg. The anunal cruise 
will commence about May 14 and continue one week or more. 
The first regatta will be about July 4, and the annual regatta 
will come oft' the first of August. The exact day was not de- 
cided on. The prospect is very good for a splendid season for 
yachting, ns there have been eight or ten fine yachts built on 
the lake, and all others are under repair and improvements, 
which will make yachting very lively on Lake Winnebago. 
C. H. 
— The Nereid Boat Club, of Brooklyn, composed of some of 
the best young men of Brooklyn, gave their opening enter- 
tainment April C, at their dub house. Their entertainments 
are always looked forward to with pleasurable anticipation, 
especially by the ladies. . . . 
— « 
Mm and $iver fishing. 
FISH IN SEASON IN APRIL. 
Speckled Trout — SalmofontinalU. Lniul-looked Salmon — Salmo glover! . 
White Perch.— 
Diagram 40. 
have considerable curve the foregoing rule is not accurate 
and we employ Chapman's rule : Divide the section into an 
odd number of equidistant ordinates (five in the diagram) 
and to the sum of the first and last ordinates add the sum of 
the odd ordinates multiplied by two, and tho sum of the 
even ordinates multiplied by four. Multiply the Bum by 
one-third of the distance between the ordinates a “ d P™* 
duct is the required area. Applying tins rule to the section 
represented by the curved line in the diagram or- 
dinate Nos. 1 and 5 equal two feet ; ordinate Nos .2 and 4 
equal two feet, this multiplied by four equals eight feet ; ; or- 
dinate No. 8 multiplied by 8 equals two feel; he whole 
amount equals twelve feet, which amount muU pl ed by 
one-third the distance between the ordinates ^ a 
foot) equals two feet, which is the required area. This dm- 
cram shows by mere inspection the correctness of the results 
ot the different methods of calculation. The diagram also 
shows the comparative difference between a section triaDgu- 
JJ/crtjram. 42 
lar in shape and one similar to the curved line, the stability 
in either case being about the same ; the triangular section 
carries the ballast lower down, while the curved section has 
more width near the water-line. The area of direct resist 
once is the same for both sections, but the resistance due to 
frictiou of immersed surface i9 about six per cent, less in 
the triangular section. The triangular section is the easiest 
and cheapest to build, and will make the strongest hull. 
To calculate tire displacement of a vessel after the area9 or 
cross-sections are calculated (the cross sections must be odd 
Tnumber as 5, 7, 9, etc.) to the sum of the areas of the 
first and last section add the sum of the remaining even 
Savannah, Ga., Yacht.Club.— T he officers and committees 
of this club, whose membership, wc are glad to learn, is rapidly 
increasing, are as follows: Com., Geo. L. Appleton; Vice- 
Com., Wm. Hone ; Sec. and Treas., F. C. Wylly ; Stewards: 
S. P. Goodwin, J. C. Haskell, It. B. Habersham, John W. 
Anderson, C. M. Cunningham, T. M. Newell, T. D. Bertody. 
T. L. Kinsey, C. G. Eglinger, J. Rauers, J. W. Schley, Jus, 
T. Stewart. Finance Com: Vice-Commodore W. Hone. 
Chairman ; T. D. Bertody, J. Rauers, John W. Anderson, C. 
G. Eglinger, Jame9 B. West. Sailing Com: S. P. Goodwin, 
Martin Tufts, T. C. Wylly, T. L. Kinsey. Timers: L.T1, 
Gibbs, D. C. Bacon. Aleasurer: J. C. Haskell. 
Notes 
C»pt. MoClelland will be in charge of the Skylark steamer, 
Mr. E. S. Juffrey owner Commodore Baker, of the Colum- 
bia Y. C., has altered his 6loop Emily. She is now 55 ft. 
long and 14 ft. beam. Desmond, of Peck Slip, will furnish a 
gig for her Desmond is also to build a raciug sloop for 
Mr Richards, of 71 Wall st. She will he an open jib and 
mainsail craft. Length, 22 ft ; beam, 9 ft. C in.; hold 2 ft. 
G in Mumm, of Gowanus, has finished Mr. James .Smith s 
sloop. She is 33 ft. long over all, 13 ft. beam and 3 ft. 0 in. 
hold with 5 ft. G in. between decks. The amount of cabin 
room in this boat is something remarkable. About 3 tons of 
ballast will he needed to bring her down to her lines ... Dr. 
May’s new ship Julian has been put overboard. It will be 
remembered that her lines were furnished by A. Carey Smith, 
Esq aud that in general she resembles the once famous 
Coni’et turned out by Archie Smith of former days. She is 
deeper than usual, aud will have to stow away something like 
44 tons of pi”- Her performance alongside of sister vessels 
will be watched with interest Our readers will he some- 
what relieved to learn that the new marine railway now build- 
ing at the foot of Court st., Brooklyn, will not be. allowed to 
fill in across the inner harbor known as Gowanus Basin, hut 
that the city authorities are now clearing away the wreck 
which so long obstructed the fairway, and are also dredging 
out a regular channel of entrance. Yachts will therefore 
find as snug a harbor as before about the same old grounds 
Capt. Jones, of the Intrepid, has been putting together some 
boats for her Richard Wallen has in frame his seventh 
order this season— a racing clipper 25 ft. long. Sawyer is 
getting out a suit of muslin for her. She is to join the new 
trul Hudson River Y. 0., and make things warm for the 
Brown, Fidget and others Gorman’s biggest undertaking, 
a yacht for Mr. Pearce, of the A. Y . C. , will lie turned out of 
the shop this week Steam yacht Vedette Philip Pbomx, 
Esq., was successfully launched by WaT d*& Stanton, at New- 
burg Fitting out— Sloops : Alice, B. Y.C., II- J - 8teer8 * 
Esq®, at Providence. R. I ; Kate, B. Y. C Geo. F- Ran- 
dolph, Esq., at Greenport, L L; Active and Oracle, at •Walla- 
bout Bay ; Addie Voorhis, altered to schooner at Northport. 
L. I Alert, fitting out at Greenport ; Chryatine, at Nyack , 
Elaine, at Providence; Eugenie, at Hoboken; Onward, at Islip; 
Vision, at Nyack; cutter, V olante,at Port Jefferson ; Windward, 
at Islip ; Regina, at Gowanus ; Dudley, at Hyde 1 ark; J^dic, 
and Vindex, cutter, will not go into commission...... Schooners 
fitting out: Sea Witch, Frank S. Stott, Esq., at Greenpoint , 
Tidal Wave, Daniel Cook, Esq., of San Francisco, fool of 
Sixth street: Alarm, at Fair Haven, will be ldpped g Ambas- 
sadress, at City Island; Cho, at Islip ; Clytie, at J ,ta,n £ rd ' 
Eva, at Bordentown, N. Y.; Louisa a Hyde 
leine, at Essex, Conn.; Nettie, at Light etjeet, Brooldyn , 
Rambler, at South Brooklyn; Restless, at New Londo .. .. 
The Columbia will fly the broad pennant of the 
B Y. 0 Comet will Dot race this season...... Estelle will 
come out in racing trim again Faustina, built by I™ 
of Brooklyn, is receiving her engines at Cowea.IsleofWigt 
Idler will go into commission to retain, if possih e, liie 
Brenton’s Reef and Cape May chaUenge oups......Nerei 
having her right lung doctored at Bergen Point- Nettiew 
go to Europe Resolute is for sale a No w por t . . - ; ; V f 1 
not go into commission Steam-yachts Ibis, Ideal, Lurlme, 
Skyfark, Ocean Gem, Vedette, and many smaller ones, will 
form the steam fleet for the year The P* 0 P°® ed 
for catamarans, at the New Y'ork Bay regatta, has received 
favorable attention, and quite a fleet of these double-barrelled 
performers will assemble. 
Vues von ai-bil. 
Black Gnat, on Midoe — No. 13.— Body and foot black, wings 
subliayaline. 
Uauk Claret Gnat.— No. 13.— Body dark clarot, foot black, 
wings sabhyahno. 
ItmoiiT Claret Gnat.— No. 13.-Body bright clarot, mixed with 
red fox face, foot ginger, wiugs of ouooox hyaline, tho other ooher- 
oue. 
Gray Onat.— No. 19 — Body dark fox, mixod with dark clarot, 
foot gray, wings hyaline. 
Dark Fox.— No's. 10 or 11.— Body aud foot dark fox, mixed with 
lomou colored mohair, \uuge eubhy&lino, tail throe fibres of dark 
gray haoklo. 
Boon Man's Fly.— N os. 9 and 10. — Body and foot, liaro’s oar 
aud yellow mixed, wings slightly mottled gray, tail tbo mottle of 
tho wood duck. 
Olive Gnat.— No. 13. —Body dark ollvo, mixod with bright 
clarot, foot giDgor, wings hyaline. 
Red Fox.— Nob. 10 aud 11.— Body fox cnb faco, mixod with yel- 
low, foot red (chicken red), wings palo gray or snbhyallno, toil 
mot tled feather wood duck. 
Biuaar Fox.— Nos. 10 aud 11. - Body and feet brightest part of 
tho fox, mixod with yollow, wings brightest hyaline, tail pale yol- 
low. 
Black Hackled Fly.— Nos. 9 and 8.— Body orango, ribbod with 
gold tinsel, hacklo black wings, tail of the American partridge. 
GENERAL FLIES. 
Inis —No. 8. —A haoklo fly, ribbod with silver tinsel, body hacklo, 
wings aud tail acailot. 
Peacock 1’almul — No. 8.— Body peacock horls, hacklo black 
and rod mixed. 
Obay Palmer No. 8.— Body poacOCk horl, dork gray hacklo. 
PnoFESSon.— Nos; 8 and 9 — Body bright yollow, feet golden 
brown, wings wood duels and mallard, dyed yollow, mixed, tail scar 
let ibis. 
Queen of the Watf.il —Nob. 8 and 9. —A hackled fly ; body 
orango ribbod with gold llusel, hacklo chicken red, wings bright 
mottle of tho mallard. 
Grizzly Kino.— Nos. S and 9.-A hackly tty ; body groon, lineklo 
dark gray, tail scarlot ibis, wings mottled fouthor of tho pln-talL 
Fisn in Market— Retail PlttOBS. — Our quotations nro 
as follows : Striped bass, 20 cents ; large do,, 15 ; smelts, 15; 
blue flsh, 15; frozen salmon, 85; green do., $1 ; mackerel, 
lurge, 25 ; Southern shad, 50 ; native, GO ; Connecticut River, 
$1 ; white perch, 15; Spanish mackerel, 35 ; green turtle, 15; 
halibut, 15; haddock, 8; codt\sh, heads off, 8; do., heads on, 
0; hlack-flsh, 15; flounders, 10; do., small, 8; cels, 18; 
lobsters, live, 8 ; do., boiled, 10; shcopsheads, 25 ; turbot, 25; 
scallops, $L50 per gallon ; soft clams, per 100, 30 ; do., large, 
GO ; white flsh, 18 -, pickerel, 15 ; salmon trout, 15 ; Canada 
brook trout, 25 ; Long Island do., $1 ; pike, yollow, 10 ; hard 
crabs, per 100, $3 ; soft crabs, per dozen, $3. 
Of Connecticut River shad very few caught as yet. Catch 
of North River shad very light, and it looks as though there 
was to he a very slim season. A few fresh mackerel were 
taken off Cape Henry lo9t week. Largo arrivals nro expected 
daily. A monster cod, weighing sixty pounds, taken off 
Sandy Hook, and a salrnou trout, from Wenthcrsileld, Wyom- 
ing County, N. Y., were received by Blackford, and for- 
warded to Professor Baird at Washington. 
The post week has been an extremely good one for business 
in the fish trade, the trout display hnviug brought thousands 
of visitors to the flsh market, and provoked an appetite for 
fresh sea food. Large bass, weighing from thirty to seventy 
pounds each, have been taken in great numbers during the 
past week in the Chesapeake Bay. 
Movements op tttb Fishing Fleet,— Bank arrivals nt this 
nort the post week, 13, bringing 545,000 lbs. halibut. Prices 
fair but much less than in previous years when tho receipts 
were no larger. The Gorges arrivals, 53 ; catch small for 
the season precepts about 1,325,000 lbs. round 1 ho codfish 
do not eeeui to visit their old haunts m such numbers as 
formerly and we have nothing to show in the way of the big 
stocks that used to mark the March trips. -Cope Ann Adocr - 
User, April 5. ^ 
Connecticut— Windsor, April 7.- A salmon was caught in 
the Farmington River in a net, which weighed about 3 pounds, 
his last week. No shad have been taken here yet, but one 
was taken in Weathersfleld cove that weighed 4 pounds. A 
good many lamprey cels are taken in nets, which to day are 
selliDg for fifteen cents each, retail. Balsam. 
Long Island, April 9. -I had the pleasure last week of 
a day’s good' trout fishing .on Long Island. I arrived at 
he nond at 0 i*. m. ; weather cool and cloudy, and the water 
lough. To my surprise a few trout were yet rising at that 
ate hour As it was all but dark, I only made the circle of 
he nond with the boat, taking one line flsh on the -Professor, 
weighing? lb., my friend with me also taking one. Next 
Jay 1 Vc commenced fishing at 8 a. m taking sixty-four fish 
of fair size but none very large. Weather clear but very 
windy varying from west to north The favorite (lies were 
the “Grizzly King,” Coachman, Golden bp inner, Brown Adder, 
GrizzVv Hacklo and Queen Of the Water. They took best from 
10 a w till 12 o’clock iu the morning. I lie fish were bold 
a ' ^iii J hDr.ked but in the afternoon they were shy and 
and easily flailing this season on Hie island is excellent 
r06 f " ° nor flsh la ge and in good condition. Next month 
though, U P wiU be muSi pleasant! W. Holbein. 
—Mr ScamaD, of Ridgewood, Long Island^ not New J. r- 
sey as was printed in our flsh report of last we .k ihss soma 
fine speckled trout for sale; also, fishing privileges to let- 
[See advertisement. 
K’mtflEVtLLB — -Eimoo Co., April 5.— The Saranacs are *t}U 
firmly blockaded with Ice, aud although the outside world 
