FOREST AND > STREAM. 
255 
our coast, usually in shallow water and during their shoreward 
sojourn. The principal representatives of this group are the 
goofe-flsh ?Lophius pUcatoriua ). the flounder and flat Ashes, 
the halibut ( Uippoylossus vulgari «), of whose spawning hnbits 
little however, is known, the luinp-flsh ( Cycloplerus lumpu *), 
and the two specie of Liparis, the cod ( Uadus rnorrhua), had- 
dock (Melanogranmus tegkjlnus), pollock ( PoUacMus car - 
binoriu*), and the hakes (Phycischussaad P. umencanus), the 
gurnards aud sculpins (Prionatus sp. aud Coitus xp.), the rose 
Ashes ( Schist ex up ), the tautog ( Tautoga onitis), and the 
cbogeet ( CUsnolalnw bergall), the skates, the rays aud the 
grouud sharks. 
HI. — The Coast or Ranging Fishes. — These are in our coast 
waters for a portiou of the year, aud when absent from them 
are supposed to retreat to the depths of the ocean. When 
near the shores their movements are a combination of those of 
the two previous classes, and they wander widely up and 
down the coast. They spawn upon our continental slope, 
s ime entering the rivers, some upon the in-shore shallows, and 
some upon the off-shore shoals, their young coming to the 
shores with the parents. They all are summer visitors in the 
northern districts of their distribution, though some, like the 
herring, only appear in New England in the winter. The best 
known examples of this group are among the river spawning, 
or anadromous species, the salmon (Salmo sabir), the Blind 
(Alosa sapulissima). the alewif.i (Pomalobut mcdwcru), and, 
perhaps, the striped bass ( Roscus Uncatus), and the smelt 
fOxmerm mordaz) Among the shore spawning species in the 
North i lie capeliro (Sfalktus villa tux), the lauuce (Anunodytex 
laneolalus), and the herring ( C\upca hartngus in the South), 
the Kcuppnn" (Stenotomux argyrops). sheepshead ( Archosargut 
probaloccphnlus). the sea bass ( UentrupixUx atramis), the 
ulhemy ( Chirostoma notatum), the mullet ( Mugclsp .), and the 
mackerel (Scomber scumbrus); and among the off-shore 
spawners. the pompano ( Trachyrwtu s carulinus), the squea- 
teague ( C'ynosian carolintnxis) and the menhaden ( Breoortia 
tyrannus), aud probably the (Pomatomus salta). 
Salmon in tiie Connecticut. — Yes; three salmon at oue 
haul, and more superb Ash it is impossible to imagine. At 
lost the labors of the State Fish Commissioners are being re- 
warded. The movement of the Ash in the river is undeniable. 
People may be skeptical, but there they are. This morning 
(Wednesday), at Mr. Blackford’s in Fulton Market, wcsaw the 
most superb salmon we ever set eyes on. It weighed eleven 
pounds, was a cleau Asli, aud it came from the Connecticut. 
This means over and over agaiu that Ash culture is not a the- 
ory, a visionary thing, but a practical fact. The general pub- 
1 c read about so many eggs having been secured, and all 
about their hatching, and that is an cud of it. The great, 
greedy public now is satisfied, we hope, witli Ihc result. 
One. two, three— say that a dozen fish only are caught this 
season ; they are the amnt couriers of more. Eleven pounds 
of actual salmon which can be cooked is worth 10,000,000 of 
eggs in a hatchiDg-house. We will graut ycu that Still, let 
us, after the first expansion of pleasure, 6ay a kind word for 
these “scientific persons,” who have been preaching fish cul- 
ture for so many long years. Let us not despise these minute 
eggs, and even the long paragraphs which have been written 
over them. As acorns produce oaks, so have these tiny eggs 
made the silver-sided salmou. The public have find a good 
deal of patience, and let. us be thankful for this, which iB not 
an American trait. The trouble has been that the great 
American people have, in their blessed ignorance, imagined 
that an egg put into a stream one week would produce abso- 
lutely a ten pound fish in the next fortnight. All that fish- 
cull uri-ts or fish coromisrioners cun do is to assist nature the 
least bit in the world. Nature eaDnot he forced; that's the 
whole secret of it. But, when one thinks of the great trou- 
ble these flshculluristh have had ; how fishways had to be 
built bow private enterprise was often opposed to public 
good | how the fish themselves had to fight againnt almost 
nature for an existence in new streams, it is God’s wonder 
how the adult salmon have ever been caught at all in the blue 
Connecticut. Now, what we want is good, posiii'e protec- 
tion for the fish. Our inventive power as to fish culture, at 
present, is in advance of any people in the world, but our ad- 
ministrative functions are null. People must open their eyes 
to such matters. What we waut, then, for years to come, are 
stringent laws lor the protection of the fish. The replenish- 
ment of streams by artificial means will make but liulc im- 
pression, if we over-fish. It is that natural sequence of fl--h 
that should be most depended upon. Fish culture is only an 
adjunct to the re-peopling of our rivers. 
Concerning these salmOD, Fish Commissioner, Win, M. 
Hudson, writes from Hartford : 
“Though we tried to procure a law to protect them from cap- 
ture until July 1880, we were unable to effect it We can 
onlv hope that the reappearance of so muny will induce the 
legislature at its next session to pass such a law for their 
nroteciion as will determine the question of their restoration 
to the Connecticut, in which they were form erly so plenty. ’ 
Look Out for California SALMON.-Prof. Baird is exceed- 
ingly anxious to gel early reports of the presence of Califor- 
nia salmon in our waters-say anywhere, either in the Missis- 
sippi or this side of it, and we are requested to call the atten- 
tion of all fishermen to the differences which exist between 
the Atlantic salmon and the California salmon. The distin- 
guishing point is ns simple as cun be. The California fish have 
a considerably larger anal Jin, with three or four more rays than 
the Atlantic fish. They are, when adult, thicker, broader, 
more clumsy in appearance, and, for the same length, the 
California salmon will weigh more than the Atlantic fish. 
Trout Hybrids.— An inquirer asks how the California 
trout can be crossed with our speckled brook trout, when it 
so happens that one variety spawns in the spring and ihe 
other in the fall. Our omniscient friend, Seth Green, explains 
this apparent difficulty by stating that our brook trout begin 
spawning in October and continue to spawn until the last of 
March. March is the month in which the California trout 
spawn ; so the problem becomes intelligible and lucid. Saves t 
- ». » - 
Feeding Trout.— I notice that the author of “ Domcs'i- 
cated Trout ” aud others, say that trout fry should be fed 
three or four times each day uutil cold weather, and that 
they should be kept in the shade. I never ft cd my young 
(or old) trout oftcuer than once a day from their very first 
meal, and I give them all the sunshine attainable until June 1, 
after which date they should have shade provided to seek 
when they desire it, and healthier or larger fry than mine I 
think it would be difllcult to Uud. My reason for feeding 
them but once a day is that the fish have time to get hungry 
between meals, and therefore will pleau all the food which 
may fall to the bottom Mr. Stone says they will not eat the 
food that has fallen, which therefore remains to foul the water. 
My fish do gather it all and ask for more. 
In regard to sunshine on the trout, I would say that t wo 
months since I pluced five thousand fry in a pond shaded 
with a roof. They were dying by hundreds eucli day without 
apparent cause. I moved them at once to a pond the same 
size, supplitd with water from the same pipe, hut fully ex- 
posed to the sun, and the mortality ceased within twenty-four 
hours. Yours truly. Thomas Clapuam. 
Troutbcck , Roslyn, L. I., April 22, 1878. 
— , — 
A New Species of Fish on the Coast.— Professor G. 
Brown Goode writes us as follows : 
“A new species to the coast just received from C. C. Leslie, 
Charleston, S. C It proves to he Rhomboplitcs aurorubens, 
before known from Jamaica, Martinique aud Dominica. It is 
known ns the Mangrove snapper in Charleston Market. These 
specimens were taken on the Savannah banks.” 
Lacustrine Jurisdiction.— Last woek, ii replying to a 
Boston corre-pondent, F. W. C., regarding rights in pond 
property, we answered to the best of our ability with the 
light furnished us. We arc therefore greatly obliged to the 
correspondent whose letter is appeuded herewith, for his as- 
sistance in stating the case more fully, and consequently 
rnakiug it more intelligible. We quote -. 
Salem, May 4 , ISIS- 
Editor Forest and Stream : 
I have read tu yourl.isueof May 2 a communication from “ F. W. C.,'t 
togetiier wltn y >ur answer, witn rnucn Interest. I Uitak y >ur corres- 
pondent. must refer to Humehrey's Pond, In LyuuOeld, Mass If so, 
I iiilrik l can expliln the matter to his snisfaoU m. I'his poud Is ooo 
of two or tiir jo In tills State vralcn were granted uefore wliat Is kuo-vu 
astne “Colonial act of Him" wa» patied, aad are ih > re fore private 
property, and nit luo nded amo ig the “great ponds” of the State. 
The Us i c immUslonors were coas ilted In the nutter, and assured u» 
that oar lease wui good, an 1 give us a cl sir title tuho (Ian and dauing 
Iu regard to the stocking of the pond, that was doue hy one of the 
owners at Ills own eipense ; the Slate had uoth.ug to do with It. 
P. T. 
is their favorite fish, and is plenty at nil seasons. I have seen 
them take the salt waor trout and whiting, and have twice 
s* cn a fish-hawk pick up a dead catfish from the surface or 
the water. 1 should think, from my own observations for 
the last eight years in this river, that the euglcs rob the 
Ospreys of oue half the fish they catch. 
Yesterday, while out hunting in my boat, I saw an osprey 
descend and capture a fish. Soon an eagle was in chase. 
The osprey tried to escape by doubling, by ascending and by 
descending, but the eagle preyed her so hard that she did not 
venture on a direct flight for some lime. At last she got a 
fair siart, and I was hoping that she would escape, when a 
second eagle uf. peured on ti, e scene. One attacked i he poor 
hawk above and one below, so they soon made her drop iho 
flsh, which the lower englo followed to the water, but failed 
to secure, much to rile ginliflcition of the spectatois. As the 
food of the osprey is fi ll alone, she never depredates on man- 
kind, anil is con.o quetitly uninolcubd, « xcept by those idiots 
who Want to kill every tiling ihey see. So the osprey has 
little fear of man. and carries on her fisheries near Imusis and 
boots, and m thlswaya metlmes oscapes Hie attack of tho 
eng'e. who is more Buspidous of the human ruco, and keops 
out of shot range. 
White li km>i\d on Bald Each.*— II, tutus Uncaerphnlus. 
Aud. Why this eagle should have heen called bold is a mys- 
tery, since she is no more so than Win. C. Bryant himself, and 
hus as well covered a head. She is uo doubt a robber, nnd 
lives by the plunder of her weaker neighbors, hut many great 
uations, crowned kings uud bulled knig'iis, h ivo got rich in 
this way without incurring the world's reproof. Bein' very 
fond of fish, and not knowing how to catch it hersult, she is 
obliged to avail herself of the s-rvicesof the osprey, wlio is 
her unpaid servant or slnvo. When these services are not to 
be had, the royal bird condescends t<> eat c irrion, and may 
sometimes be seen seated on themareass of a dead hog, sur- 
rounded by a circle of uukey luizjjrds, who wait respectfully 
while their manor satisfies Ins nppt titc. Tills . Oglu will 
sometimes, in failure of fish, prey up m ducks and herons, 
and in the interior of Florida will carry nil p mllry and yniing 
pigs. Tho fi'hermen on the coast say that in the fall, when 
tney take great quantities of fat mullet with nets, the euglcs 
will watch them, and if the heaps of Hah are unguarded, will 
descend and carry away all it can grasp, always selecting 
these with tho roe. 1 do nut hour that this ongle is known to 
fish for itself, hut will often pick up a dead flsn front Ihe sur- 
face. li is an ubuudu'il8pecie8 lime I have observed five or 
six iu sight ut oue lime on this river, and most of them 
in chase of tho osprey. If any one wiahes to see a sttuntnro 
which combi tins the largest amount of power contained in u 
given weight, lei him di-sect nu cuttle. The body is a mass of 
leathery inuscl h and wire-hke corela and sinews, almost defy- 
ing the shuipust knife. 8. C. G. 
- ■ 
Tiie Minhooao — Apropos of iliia monster, an account of 
New York. --On Thursday, April 23, 100,000 salmon trout 
were put iuto Luke Ontario at Charlotte from the State hatch- 
ing house at. Caledonia. Also 211,000 of br»ok trout iuto 
Allen's Creek, at Wheatland Station, and G.000 trout into 
Blue Pond, all from the Caledonia hatching house. 
* ■ ~ 
—Two more lar/e salmon have been taken in the Delaware 
One of them, which weighed twenty-two pounds, was sent to 
Gov. McLellan. 
• 
Pbnnsylvania Fish Culture— L. J. Wilt, of Franklin, 
Pa , has been appointed Fish Warden for VenuDgo County, 
Pennsylvania. 
Three thousand brook trout (fry) were recently received 
from ihe State Commissioners of Fisheries in good condition, 
and distributed in the several streams in this vicinity. 
\V. C. Parker, Esq., of Sugar Creek, has a very line private 
pond, iu which the trout show up to thirteen inches. 
California — The Fi9h Commissioners of California have, 
during the past month, made several large distributions ol 
lund-locked salmou and eastern trout. Ten tuousund eastern 
trout were put into Alder Creek, Donner Creek, Prosser 
( reek and Murdis Creek, tributaries of the Truckee ; five 
thousand eastern trout into the Kahwea liiver, Tulare county , 
leu thousand land-locked salmon into San Fr.mcisquita and 
other creeks of Sun M«teo county ; twelve thousand eastern 
trout and lund-locked sulmon buve been distributed to Espinosa 
and Pajaro Lakes, Gabilan and other waters of Santa Cruz 
and Monterey counties ; five thousand land locked salmou 
have been put in a reservoir iu Sun Mulco county, for breeding 
purposes exclusively ; five thousand eastern trout went to 
the headwaters of San Fruucisquilu Creek ; eighteen thousand 
McCloud River trout have beeu put into Santa Rosa, Mark 
West, Sulphur aud other creeks of Sonoma County. On 
Saturday last 15.000 Eastern and McCloud trout were sent to 
Pescadero, r-an Gregorio, San Maleo, Apios and Los Gatos 
creeks. A lot will be put into the headwaters of Alameda 
creek, and tho remainder of the land-locked salmon which the 
Commissioners have on hand will be sent to Tulare Lake. 
NOTES ON THE BIRDS OF HALIFAX 
INLET, EAST FLORIDA. -No. 1. 
Qcai v—Orlyx cirginianvs. Bon»p. 
WILD TVRUBr-MeltaqrU aall/pavo. Lino. 
Ground hova—Chaviepcdia passerine, Swain. 
The quails arc very abundant in the scrub, being seldom 
molested by gunners. They are smaller nnd of a darker color 
than those of the Northern Slates. The wild turkeys arc 
growing scarcer every year. Many have heen drowned in Hu- 
heavy spring floods of the last two or three years, and the 
nests have been broken up by the same Cause, Fbere are 
also many more hunters here than formerly, and some of 
those from the North are so reckless as to kill the hens in the 
breeding season, when they are really worthless lor food 
The grouud dove is u beaulilul little bird of domestic habits, 
which frequents door yards and gardcos, often feeding among 
Fish-Hawk or Osprey — Paudion halietus. Cuv. This is 
a very abundant species here, owing to the abundance of hen 
food. They breed in great numbers on the mangrove island 
and other inaccessible places, and seem to get a good living. 
notwithstanding the depredations of the eagles. Ihe mullet 
which was given iu a recent number of Forest and Stream, a 
distinguished zoologist writes to us, suggesting that there 
i 9 no inherent improbability in the story which comes to 
us from 8011111 America. The animal is uo doubt extremely 
rare, and might escape capture for a long lime. It must he 
remembered (hut the couutry where it is supposed to exist is 
almost unknown to zoological collectors and naturalists. Our 
correspondent sayB : 
“ But little appears to be known of the animal, excepting 
from its works, although in one or two instances it is said to 
have appear, d above the surince, very soon to bury itself 
again. In several cases, Where the Soft earth Iia 8 hccu turned 
over ns hy a plow, nn imprcs lon iff plains or scales was dis- 
tinctly visible, winch would tie an additional argument of dm 
urmudillo-iikc character of the beast. Intimites of its dimen- 
sions vary greatly, hut upon tho whole there seems to be somo 
d -cid d foundation for the belief of the existence of a subter- 
ranean animal, probably a mnmmul of giguntic size, and not 
known to naturalists. 
The fact that no specimen lias ever been captured or ev n r 
set u by naturalists is uo argument, against iis existence, ns it 
is probably extremely rare; and as there are numerous species 
of burrowing animals, such ns tnoleB, pouched ruts, oto., 
which are very seldom R*-en. even in regions where they 
abound to a prodigious extent, tkolrrMg* nmyhe seen in 
every direction, hut Hie unimul itself remains invisible." 
— - 
Trail's Flycatcher. — Editor Forest and 8 ‘ream." In my 
letter last we* k to the Linneun Society, among other changes 
us printed in your piper, the word “ genus " is substituted 
for where I wrote firm, and the quotation marks are left off 
from “ trailUi." Tin? itnpro-sion then perhaps given wus that 
but one species of Fmputannx occurred across the con'inent. 
To many, however, the context would prevent n misunder- 
standing. 
The only occasional breeding of the Little, or Traill’s Fly. 
catcher, ( Empidunat puaillus “ trailUi ’) within the limits of 
the Alleghenian or even the C 'nroliniua fuana in the Eastern 
coast .states, is imeresling iw compared with its doing so 
regularly iu Southern Ohio, ludiuna and Illinois. VVith us 
the bird has been considered quite typical of the Canadian 
fauna, and practically is -o still. H. A. Pordik. 
Buxton, April 27, 1878. 
An Albino.— On last Wednesday, while out gunning for 
tmipo with my friend Mr. A. D. Boas, as we were coining 
home wc noticed a bird of some kiud, with white plumage 
on the back and a red breast, fly across our puth. *7Vt r. Boas 
immediately followed it and succeeded In killing it. Upon ex- 
amination we found the feathers oa tho back very nearly 
white, and close to '.he top of the wings, and under the wings, 
of a delicate salmon color. The plumage of the breast wus 
exactly like that of a robin. The head and beak also resembled 
a robin's. Wc showed it to a great many persons, and they 
were unable to tell us what it was. It you can from Ibis . 
description tell us anyiliing ulwmt it we would feel v. ry 
much obliged. I should suite lb it the eyes wc c not red, u<t 
is usually thu case iu uii albino. I cannot close this letter 
without telling you how much I enjoy your paper. 
Yours, Geo. L>. Kkllxb. 
Curtate, Pa, April 21, 1878. 
[Your bird was probably au albino robin. Albinos do not 
always have pink eyes.— E d ] 
Flight of Quail o vku Watbb. — Editor Forest and Stream : 
Noticing the article in your issue of April 18th on •* Inability 
of Quad to Fly Across Wide Rivera," reminds me of some of 
myown experience, which m«y be of interest. I have seen 
coveys try to fly across the Mississippi aud Missouri Rivers, 
