FOREST AND STREAM. 
900 yds. 
73 
l.ooO yds. 
68 
Total. 
215 
70 
09 
208 
69 
53 
194 
60 
65 
193 
63 
66 
ISC 
60 
02 
1S5 
60 
60 
185 
56 
Cl 
ISO 
There were sixteen entries, 
of a possible 225, was superb, 
but eight withdrew. 
800 yds. 
L Weber J* 
Frank Hyde if 
B L Doughty S2 
HF Clark “ 
H Fisher 
j jobnawn 
° Th Trurf Field and Farm challenge badge was next In 
order S’ shots at 200 yards ; badge to be won three 
limes. Tlte following are tue scores . 
gfgSft -v SySSto:-::"””"":::- 
Ssi 
SnSSSS caS So few::: :::::: : 
^omWaner.. * 
w n g 
Wallace Gunn. . R W Day rS 
Capt W C Reddy M g c Kiugman 
T Rifle Club obot . «lg«to 
Z ^STSflrSS ollfpoibu out of a po.sii.fe ™, a. 
time, which makes it his ^operty. 
.43 
42 
....40 
....40 
....40 
....40 
....40 
Total. 
408 
452 
5 0 
4—45 
4—44 
4 — 44 
4—43—170 
^ IT thS day of the spring meeting, will be eup- 
-he Ordnance Dfp^tmMit, 
N. G. 8. N. Y. 
n — ™ lirna GAJ.LBRY. — Scores made at Zettler Gallery, 
207 E Bowe^on April 30, at Creedmoor target3 reduced to 
gUlery distance i posaibie 50 = « 
p Fennlng-- „ 9 H 0 ehl 44 
0 K r Zimmerman 
C G 4g w wifgandt 
MB** 18 4# J Colane 
40 J Levy 
46 K Hunzl*#r 
M Dorrler • 45 c Vollars 
GSchurman. 
J Dutll 
££=* ESS ? Te 
I 1 inft and 1 °00 yards. An arrangement is now being made 
1 th the NSKifle Association, whereby the club will 
with me pt targets for its members, on each Wed- 
Saturday from and including May 15 to October 
?n These taints will he for the exclusive use of members 
on- 4 , . nfrliarce The programme of matches w ill 
match afed mid-mtgo matches 
dS“a C May and the lolg-rahce prize in June. Fourth 
JJSSffOT the Leech Cup, May 23- 
flinATofli and Milwaukee. — I n our last Issue want of 
8 J^vpnied our giving iu detail the score of the two 
TC P At 200 yards ten scoring shots were allowed, at 500 
dl'flfiTen Individual possibles then were 75, and for 
yurd • „qq The aggregate possibility of each club 
■ Ca n,e rnauih being 500, StwiTl be seen that the Saratogas 
approached R by 32 points, and the Milwaukee Club by 4S. 
A P t P each range the score was ^ ^ 
Saratoga ^ 
M The individual average of each club is shown thus : 
900 B00 • yuu 
..... pinh 44 73 Milwaukee Rifle Club.. 88 X 
^rSSg 'was' the score of the Saratogians at 200 
y ards: c 4 
D Eddy _s 4 
O J Wing. ; L \ 4 6 
p D Wheeler, Jr B 4 
G W Ainsworth 
At 500 yards : 65664556665566 6-74 
J w snorter, • ' j B 8 5 5 4 5 5 5 6 6 5 5 6 6-74 
G w Alnoworth, 5 64B656566545 5-72 
J Webb, R - 46665546565646 6—72—292 
_ Tt i8 p r0 pcr to state that in the telegraphic match be- 
tween the Saratoga end Milwaukee -rifle clubs there teas 
some misunderstanding as to the eduction of the men con- 
uting the Saratoga team, which might have arisen from 
the Saratoga gentlemen not understanding tto terms of the 
got fairly under way in our desirc^to^lmv^ matches 
from other long-range cln^ wo desire w That 
during the summer with „ 0 thjctobs Uy ^t at 
scorns' to be the only way wc can nave 
SSt we “ft ^t^oAem^ndmal^ 
Maynard Creedmoor nfles, and as many '*orenot y etftr “ ed ; 
We can get up a team of four at any time for a long range 
contest. 
Respectfully yours, etc.. 
Wheeling, W. Va., April 29. 
Georgia — Savannah. — On the 1st of May a team match 
was contested for between the Georgia Hussar ^eam and the 
Guards which was won by the Hussars. The snooting 
was done with the Springfield rifle, '45 and oO caL, six 
poupds pull ; distance, 200 yards : 
On as. E. Dwight, 
Pres. Maynard Rifle Club. 
J W McAlpln, captain of team. . .44 
James WSchiey 40 J M Bryam.^ ’III!!.' ! .87 
r r WrlSht 26 JH Hunter |4 
Julian Sciiley 38 A McXtdty • • 44 
George C Gallllard 37 . . .36 
John S Cobarn 38 MaJ Jos rnuupa 
John D Martin 
1) M MoA pin. 
.34 ABCalder *!! 
.40 Geo Allen - 4B 
Total 643 
Average per man, 38 8-16. 
Total 606 
Average por man, 37 2-5. 
Denison’s Targets.— The attention of rifle clubs a°d as- 
sociations is invited to the advertisement of Messra. Denni- 
son & Co., No. 198 Broadway, New York City. These gen 
tlemen offer paper targets, Creedmoor pattern, sizes. from *5 
to 1,000 yards, also pasters and score cards, at moderate 
prices. These targets can be readily set up in f rames, and 
will be found of great advantage in team matches, each 
man’s target being separate and distinct. The N. R. A. in- 
tend to use a number of the Dennison -00 and o 00 yards 
targets during the coming spring meeting .— Aptrte oj me 
Times. 
The Winchester Repeating Arms Company.— The manu- 
facturers of this well-known rifle are now fitting up an ex- 
tensive establishment at No. 245 Broadway. A full line of 
their arms will be kept constantly on hand. In a subse- 
quent issue we will be able to give a full description of the 
new store of the Winchester Repeating Arms Co., with a 
history of the company. 
EXPRESS BULLETS. 
tion can make no difference. I have - , A lone ball 
weight, 32 -inch barrel, and charge of seventy grains the tong 
of which weighs one ounoo. TIub rifle, like every o 5 
I ever saw, is, when properly loaded (hardened baUs eho^d 8 
Btitutmg 
;oga gentlemei 
Milwaukee challenge. The same Saratoga men who shot at 
the 200-vard range did not shoot as a team at 500 yards. 
We are pleased to have had a visit paid us by J. Johnson, 
Esq., of Milwaukee, one of the most active officers of the 
Milwaukee Rifle Club. 
Shooting IN New Jersey.— The Rahway Rifle 
rWb^held^ their match on Saturday for a gold badge. Dis- 
2S K» yard* ten shots-, possible 50. e give the score: 
^•r- a 
L 1) Banks 42 h w Gour.ay 39 
F Alder-...-- 42 bm Squire 39 
Homer Fisher 4 ^ ^ yall 39 
c Wattou.. STDndley - 3S 
D F Davids L Fit®... 
F Sheldon ; 40 m Sharp ?7 
p <0 JW Todd 87 
W u Dunlap 40 B g^mre 33 
40 
8 W Sibley 
-Major Fulton, as was reported, has not resigned from 
the committee of the New Jersey Rifle Association **“8® 
team, hut is still chairman of that committee. The range 
will be at Elizabeth port. The name of the range has not 
yet been decided upon. All the gentlemen on the various 
committees are warm in their praises of Gen. McClellan, the 
Governor, for the great interest he has taken m rifle scoot- 
ing. 
Offers for a Telegbamuo Match.— Editor FonA and 
Stream: Wc have our long range in order now, and lia\c 
THE INFLUENCE OF RECOIL ON FLIGHT OF BALLS, ETO. 
San Diego, Cal., March 19, 1878. 
Editor Forest and Stream : 
I notice in F. and 8., of Feb. 28, an interesting letter from A. 
G. Mann on the penetration of Express, or rather expansive, 
ballets, in which tho results of his experiments differ very de- 
cidedly from those of mino. The expansive ball, from my rifle 
has only about one-half the penetration in wood that the solid 
hall of same size has, and has still less in flesh. The hole cut in a 
block of dry cottonwood was tho shape of a beet— 44-100 at the 
entrance and about three inches across at the bottom of the hole— 
the whole penotration being only about five inohes. On deer the 
effect was preoisely that deeoribed by “Viator’’ in his letter in 
issue of Feb. 7, viz., “ generally lodging against the ribs on the 
opposite side." 
This difference results, mainly, I think, from the difference in 
the balls, and it would be well to try experiments before adopting 
any particular one. The best one for hunting is undoubtedly that 
described by Mr. Mann-“ one which will expand on striking a 
soft substance, and retain its form when shot into a hard sub- 
stance," If Mr. M. has tried that ball often enough on b6th hard 
and soft bodies to be sure of this conclusion of his, I wish he 
would give us the dimensions and hardness of the ball, and the 
depth and width of the hole. The J.all I have used is a .44 cylindri- 
cal, one inch long, with hole of the diameter and depth of a .22 
long cartridge. After abandoning the use of explosive cartridges, 
I cut off the plug so as to make the hole the leDgth of a .22 short. 
This Increased the penotration of the ball without, diminishing the 
diameter of the hole cut by it. This ball was driven by only seven- 
ty grains of powder, hut I do not think that would affect the expan- 
sion in a solid body. I think the best ball for hunting is not one 
which Ales into, “splash" upon striking, as mine did before I short- 
ened and narrowgd the bottom of the hole, but one whioh will open 
out like an umbrella and still haDg together. The “splash ” of a 
light ball is too fine to penetrate far, and as the ball will under 
high velocity cut a four-inch hole oven if it stays together, the 
•• splash" principle is unnecessary. The diameter of the hole out 
by a ball depends, first, upon the calibre, and, second, upon its 
velocity on striking. A .65 round ball will ent about twice as large 
a hole on flesh as a .44 round at same velocity ; and a .44 round, 
with seventy grains of powder, outs about three times the sized 
hole on flesh that it will with only ten or fifteen grains. I think, 
therefore, tho boat ball is that whioh, with the very highest 
velocity, will expand to twioe or thrice its diameter without flying 
to pieces. And this would depend upon the shape and size of the 
hole, and the toughness of the ball. 
The same considerations doubtless influence tho accuracy of the 
flight of tho ball with tho hole open . Mr. ltigby, in F. and 8. of 
Feb. 21, says it makes no difforonoe whether the hole be open or 
dosed. I think he is correct as to some balls, and not as to 
others. Where the hole is small and short it would probably 
make no difference. Since shortening the hole in my ballot, as 
above stated, I have not tried it with the hole open ; but before 
that it was very wild at 200 yards and over, though true enough at 
20 or 25. It is certainly better to have them of such shape that 
the open hole will make no difference, and I think the hall de 
scribed above as the best for hunting wilt travel true for a loDg 
distance without dosing the hole. 
InF. and 8., of Feb. 28, Mr. Rigby proffers to Mr. Ferris and 
the barrel in tire direction the .«» ol U. _bo,e 
trigger pulled?” I think tho groat 
ltigby «a a bluadoror in making ‘ ( „ a b ”» r^oda™,; 
perfectly correct as to some guns and rifles, 
important point, whioh I have never seen iso Uo>1 , m _ 
lioned before. This recoil question is of far m P 
portance than one would suppose, and conclueio abstrae- 
hastily Jumped at, uor the subject shoved aside as riflo8 
tion of no real value. A long time ago I n ° ticed .. wltb a 
will not throw a heavy oylindrioal hall on the sa 
round ball, or on the same lino with tho urn. ' ^ 
Charge el ponder. I refer entir.iy te 
ty grains, tho long bal 
This rifle, like every other Maynard 
loaded (hardened haUs Bhould gen- 
.rally be need, even If .bet ui.hout p.t.h, J 
At 200 yards I have shot five successive balls with it i 
inchcirde, and at twenty-five yards ^t’the 
with a coarse ivory-front hunting sight, a D d a larg 
back peep sight. This rifle will, however, throw round balls mth 
70 grains, and the long ounce ball, with only 30 gram , 
higher at 25 yards than It will the long haU wiffi 70 grains . I 
have tried this over and over, with dead, douMe ree i ^ ^ 
every precaution to eliminate all ohanoo or a _ 
problem, so that tlioro is no question as to the fact wi h ^ 
Each set of balls is, however, perfectly true on t 88iyo 
Make a diagram with a one-inch bull's-eye jjfc 1 e&oh 
balls iu it, and another group of six balls all cut g 
other Just four inohes above it, and you will have 
has appeared after several trials. A Sharps nfl«. boogM ‘hre 
years ago from factory, 28 inches iu length, round 
pounds weight, 77 grains of powder, does preoie 
thing— throws the heavy ball down four inohes at 26 y 
the round or heavy ball with light charge. On s gfittng^es 
rifles at a mark, and then looking through the b«rel, the axm^of 
the bore is found pointing at the exact spot where P p 
balls hit. A Frank Wesson rile, of .11* 
weight, 60 grains of powder, SO-inoh barrel, and a comc “‘ , , 
about 300 grains, shoots both sets of balls to the same p , ^ 
the axis of the bore corresponds to the level 
old style Maynard I once had also shot both kinds of balls to the 
same spot. These are all the rifles I have tned npon > thm P°^ 
The conditions of this throwing down are : a very heavy b 
heavy oharge of powder. . 
But now comes a singular fact. A shot-gun over oaded, or 
nred with both barrels at once with heavy loads, will generally 
Sup over the mark. So will, generally, a short, light carbine 
pistol if overloaded. Most all the modern cartridge pistols will 
throw far above the axis of tho bore and the line of the sight wi 
which they are furnished. This I have often noticed 'and been 
annoyed with; but to put the point in moro definite shape hefor 
writing about it, I tried this morning a largo "Russian Mode 
Navy " revolver, .46 cal;, with round balls and half charges, and 
the long balls Tull obarges of the regular cartridges . I fired witu 
dead rest at only seven paces. Both sets of halls went per eoUy 
true but on entirely different lines ; hut tho heavy halls with run 
into one hole 2>^ inches above the round bans, 
which were all in the bull's-eye aimed at, exactly the reverso or 
the rifle balls. 
Another singular faot is that neither of these rifles can he mado 
to kiok up, or any way but down, and always to tho very samo 
spot (provided care is taken to get always the exaot charge 
of powder). I have roeted the end of the mnzzle iu one 
end of a balance with a purchase that would be sure to lift it, 
and hung a weight on the other scale Just touching the 
surface of a pan of water, whioh an attendant watched, and whioh 
one-quarter of an inch downward pressure on the end of the 
muzzle would raise out of the water. The ball was thrown down 
to the exaot spot as before, but the weight was not raised from 
the water, but the oontrary. As this might have resulted from 
the tilting up of the breech, I then hung the breech part in the 
scale, and weighted the muzzle to see if I could make it throw 
down any further, but the ball went on preoisely the same line as 
before. 
I varied these experiments in several ways, and tried by tying 
down both breech and muzzle, hanging on weights, etc., to mako 
the heavy ball and charge take the line of the axis of the bore, 
but could not succeed. Every ball went almost into the same 
hole, but Just four inches below the line of the others. In every 
case’ the muzzle was plainly seen to jump up on filing, ond by no 
arrangement I oould deviso oould I orothers deteot it Jumping 
down- It certainly must do so at first, or elso the barrel must 
bend, which seems impossible. I did not try a vise, as I have 
none proper for the purpose where I live. I never knew a rifle 
to kick to either side, though a pistol sometimes will if over- 
loaded and loosely held off-hand. It will then often spring toward 
the place where the grip is the lightest. A Frank Wesson’s .32 
light pistol I have, throws to tho left if loosely hold in the right 
hand, and to the right if loosely held iu tlie left baud. This I 
have often noticed. 
I have no opportunities for oaroful experiments, and wish some 
one who hae would investigate this eubjeot oarefully. My view of 
recoil is this : The backward pressure of gas begins at the same in 
stant with the forward pressure, but oannot at onoe overcome tho 
inertia of the gun. The recoil, therefore, commences at the time 
the ball sterts, but Is not complete until after it has escaped tho 
muzzle. If, therefore, the weight of the gun is great enough in 
proportion to tho charge, it will not yield enough before the ball 
escapes to throw it (at least, not apparently,) in a lino different 
from tho axis of tho bore. If tho weight of gun iB not groat 
enough it will yield sooner ; but if tho disproportion between tho 
weight and charge is not too great, the amount of deflection will 
be so regular as to amount praotically to no inooDvenionoo, ex- 
cept that of requiring different adjustment of eights ; while if the 
disproportion be excessive tho Jump of tho gun may (I do not say 
will, necessarily,) bo too irregular for correct shootiDg, and I 
think I have seen rifles and pistols that woro iuacourate mainly 
for that reason. T. S. Van Dyke- 
P. S. The most convenient way to put light ohargos in a long 
Bhell is to drop in a stick of ono-half tho diameter, and pour tho 
