FOREST AND STREAM 
349 
inch- its motion will bo directly opposite to that of the 
tall, and so can produce no effect upon the aim. If the gun 
weighs ten pounds and has a velocity of recoil of ten 
feel, its momentum will be 100 pounds and the “ kick,' as 
itia called would seem a serious matter But the piece is 
closeW pressed against the shoulder, and the mass of the 
muksmen Is as^ it were, incorporated with that of the 
niece so that the velocity of recoil is proportionally re- 
duced. Again, the stock of the piece being a broken line, 
the whole force of the recoil is not directly transmitted to 
the shoulder. It is resolved into two components, one of 
which is expended in producing or tending to produce rota- 
tion around the point of contact with the shoulder. Hence, 
if the stock be too much bent there is a tendency of the butt 
to ptriko the marksman in the face. From all this, It follows 
that if the gun were of the same weight as the ball, and if 
its shape were such that it would encounter a resistance 
from the air only equal to that encountered by the ball, it 
would move to the rear more rapidly than the ball would 
move to the front, for ihe pressure continues to act 
upon the piece after the ball has left the muzzle ; and the 
reaotion resulting from the force of the powder expended in 
overcoming the resistance of the air would also make the quan- 
tity of motion of the gun greater than that of the ball. 
Suppose a three-inch rifled cannon, loaded with one pound 
of powdor and a ten-pound shot ; let this gun be fired. 
How will the force of the charge be expended V The gas 
generated will exert equal pressure in all directions; its 
force will be expended in overcoming the inertia and fric- 
tion of the shot, in changing the shape of the shot, in setting 
in motion, or, what amounts to the same thing, in overcom- 
ing the resistance of a column of air, of which the cross sec- 
tion is equal to the cross section of the shot, and the height 
of which column will be proportional to the square of the 
velocity of the shot, plus a constant, representing the in- 
creased resistance due to increased density of the air ; it 
will be expended in straining and altering the shape of the 
piece— this effect only appreciable to calculation— in over- 
coming the inertia and friction of the gun carriage, and in 
imparting motion to the gun and carriage. In this manner 
will the force of the charge be expended, whether fired from 
a cannon or a small arm. From what has gone before, it 
follows that the recoil is increased by increasing the weight 
of the charge or of the projectile, the gun remaining the 
same, and vice versa. The recoil is diminished by increasing 
the weight of the gun, charge and projectile remaining the 
same, and vice versa ; that the recoil is inappreciable before 
the projectile leaves the muzzle, and hence does not affect 
the aim. Of course the time required for the projectile to 
traverse the length of the bore is inappreciable to the senses, 
and the recoil appears to be instanstaneous. Krupp has re- 
cently exhibited an experiment with his armored gun in the 
presence of the Emperor of Germany and the representa- 
tives of foreign governments, attended with perfect success 
and with great applause. I refer to this because one of his 
objects was to neutralize the effect of recoil. The gun was 
protected by a turret of steel half a metre thick. In the 
wall of the turret was fitted, in a spherical socket, a spheri- 
cal ball, perforated along its diameter; the threads of a 
screw were cut in tbiB perforation, and corresponding 
threads were cut on the muzzle-end of the gun. The gun 
was then screwed into the sphere of metal, and thus the 
mass of the turret was, as it were, combined with the mas9 
of the gun ; the sum of these two masses vastly exceeded 
the mass of the projectile fired from the gun, and thus the 
recoil wa9 practically neutralized. I have only seen a very 
imperfect account of the experiment, and have given such 
explanation as the facts seem to warrant. Hoping this may 
prove satisfactory, I remain, Soott Ship. 
HOW TO AIM. 
A PROBLEM LN MOUNTAIN HUNTING. 
Theresia no problem which has so vexed the brain of the 
hunter, and is still so little understood, as to know how to 
aim with a rifle at game, either much above you or much be- 
low you, on a mountain and steep Hill-side. The old rule 
was : “If above, aim high ; if below, aim low.” This is not 
correct. For want of a proper understanding of this problem 
I missed a half-dozen good shots when hunting black-tail 
last winter among deep and precipitous coulees, where they 
are at that season, and determined, after going into ‘winter 
quarters, to solve it. I at first applied the calculus, but soon 
found myself so rusty in that science, and the known and un- 
known quantities became so mixed, that I threw up the 
■ponge and determined to work it out by “rule of thumb.” 
I accordingly made careful experiments at distances from 116 
to 200 yards (on the horizontal line) from the target, and on 
mountain sides having an inclination of, twenty to twenty-five 
degrees, and arrived at, I think, substantially a correct solu- 
tion, which can be explained in fewer words by reference to 
the accompanying diagram : 
Let A be the position of the hunter, B the position of the ani- 
mal aimed at on mountain side. The solution is : In aiming be 
governed by the horizontal distance A, C, or distance to a point 
perpendicularly over the animal. Reversing the positions, 
with the hunter at B and animal at A, in aiming be still gov- 
erned by the horizontal distance A, C. In other words, take 
no account of the height(C, B) you may be above the animal, 
or the air-line distance A, B, but be governed entirely by the 
horizontal distance, A, C, which is much more easily esti- 
mated than the distance A, B, generally thought to control the 
aim. In afterward bringing these principles into practice I 
never failed to hit my game. The last time they were used 
were upon two bull-elk, at least 200 yards down a mountain 
aide, which was estimated to be much farther. From an over 
estimate of distance the two first shots missed. Taking new 
reckoning of distance, aud making use of above principles, 
the elk standing apparently dazed from the unexpected re- 
ports, the next eight consecutive shots were put through the 
two elk before getting out of reach. If Ool. Ship or any 
other expert in the calculus will put the above solution into- a 
mathematical formula, or if found incorreot will demonstrate 
it, he will oblige W. D. P. 
jfi# mid |jf h er fishing. 
FISH IN SEASON IN JUNE. 
FRESH WATBB, BALT WATER. 
Trout, Salmo/ontinalis. 
Salmon, Salmo talar. 
Salmon Trout, Salmo oori finis. 
Laud- locked Salmon, Salmo gloveri. 
Black Bass, ilicropfet us salmoides ; 
M. nigricans. 
Mnskalonge, Buox nobillor. 
I'ike or Pickerel, Esox ludus. 
Yellow Percb, Perea davetcens. 
Sea Basi, Centropristris atrarius. 
Sheepsliead, Archotargut probata- 
cephalu a. 
Striped Bass, Roccus linneetus. 
White Perch, Moron t americana. 
Weak Dsn, Cynoscion regalit >. 
BlueOsb, Pomatomus saltatrix. 
Spanish Mackerel, Cybium macula- 
turn 
Coro, Cybium regale. 
Bonlto, Sarda pelamyt. 
KlugUsh, Mcnticirrus iwbuloauB. 
FLIES rN SEASON IN JUNB. 
Hawthorn, No. 11.— Body, shining black; (eat and head, black ; wings, 
bright hyaline. 
Shoemaker, No. 10.— Body, ringed alternately with light and gray sal- 
mon ; feet, dark ginger ; wings, the mottled gray of the mallard and 
the mottled o( the woodcook mixed ; seta;, mottled woodcock. 
Black June, No. 10.— Body, peacock’s herl; leet and wings black. 
Dark Stone, Not. 8 and 9.— Body, dark brown; (eel, yellow brown ; 
wings, luteous. 
Governor, No. 10.— Body, peacock’s berl ; feet, dark red hackle ; wings, 
made of the darkest part of the bittern’s wing or brown hen. 
Green Drake, No. 7.— Body, white posterior, half ribbed with black, 
green yellow, mottled with brown; setis, dark bqpwn. 
Brown Drake, No. 7.— Body, feet and wings, a golden yellow brown ; 
setm, dark brown. 
Haven. No. ll.— Body, feet and wings, black. 
Wren Fly, No. 9.— Body, clay yellow ; feet, made from the scapul ary 
feathers of the English wren or quail ; wings and sette, mottled widgeon; 
Fish in Market— Retail Pbioes.— Bass, 10 to 18 oents ’ 
bluo fish, 10 ; salmon, 15 ; mackerel, 20 ; shad, 60 ; weakfish, 10 ; 
Spanish mackerel, 30 ; green turtle, 12>f ; halibut, 15 ; haddock, 
6 ; king fish, 15 ; codfish, 6 ; black fish, 10 ; flounders, 8 ; porgies, 
6 ; sea bass, 15 ; eels, IS ; lobsters, 8 ; sheepsliead, 18 ; frogs, 
40 ; Canada brook trout, 30; Long Island brook trout, $1 ; white 
bait, per pound, $1 ; hard orabs, per 100, 83 ; soft orabs, per 
dozen, $1.60. 
General sea fish very 9carce, owing to the storms of last 
week. Salmon, however, is in the most wonderful abund- 
ance. Larger quantities, taking the early season into account, 
have been forwarded to New York from the Restigouche than 
in former yeare. Wholesale, they have been disposed of at 
ten cents a pound ; average weight, thirty pounds. 
Maine — Solon , Somerset Co . — We have some good hunting 
in thi9 country. The best way to come is via North Ansonby 
Railroad. Tnere is a daily stage to Solon, and there is some 
talk of putting on a daily stage from Solon to the Forks— 
thirty-one miles ; the Forks to Moose River, thirty miles. In 
Solon are some fine trout brooks, and five miles from the vil- 
lage is a good trout pond. One mile from the village, at 
Carritunk Falls, on Kennebec River, we get magnificent trout. 
Some caught there last summer tipped four pounds, and I 
shot one that tipped three pounds. I was watching for ducks 
with my rifle. Where I was lying there was a spring, and 
the trout came up in shallow water, and I thought he was as 
good as’a duck, so I took him. In Carrying-place Town there 
are three good ponds. In the first pond they get trout that 
weigh about half a pound. A Mr. Ellis has a camp there 
and keeps a kind of a hotel, where he has a good deal of com- 
pany in the summer. This pond is three miles from the river 
and four miles from J. Carney’s Hotel in Moscow. In Carri- 
tunk is Pleasant Pond, where you have to fish at night. The 
water is so clear you can see the bottom of the pond, where 
there is fifty or sixty feet of water, as plain as if there were 
no more than five or six feet. It is fringy around 
the pond and very cold water. From The Forks, five miles, 
is Moxie Pond, with very good fishing. There is a road to 
the Moxie. Some very good trout streams are in the vicinity 
of The Forks, and from here to Moose River one will find 
partridges. I have shot seventeen partridges from The Forks 
to Parlin Pond, fourteen miles, and shot them all from a 
wagon in and on the side of the road. Parlin Pond is one of 
the best places that I find to go a-fishing, as it is right by a 
hotel and on the stage road. The boats in the pond are not 
as good as they should be, but I think Mr. Bean, the landlord, 
will get some new ones this season. A stranger can go to 
Parlin Pond and get all the fish he wants in the summer and 
fall, and he does not need a guide. This is a good place for 
partridge. Fifteen miles from Parlin Pond we come to Moose 
River settlement ; two hotels. Here is flBhing enough. Six 
miles southwest is Long Pond; east from Moose River is 
Wood Pend, with three wood ponds. South is Attian Pond. 
East from Attian Pond is Holeb Pond. Moose River flows 
through all these ponds, and it is good boating from the Atti- 
an Pond to Holeb Pond. It is twelve or fourteen miles by 
river, with a carry about half a mile. I see in Forest and 
Stream, March 21, your answer to “ L. H., Waltham,” that 
the Kennebec River is navigable from Augusta to Moosehead 
Lake with a portable boat. They go up the river in canoe to 
the Forks, and if they want to go to Moosehead Lake they 
have the boats carried to Moose River settlement and go 
down Moose River. From The Forks to Moosehead Lake it 
is very rough water ; from The Forks up the Kennebec River 
there are ten miles that you can go with a boat, then nine 
miles that a boat never ran and never will unless it goes to 
pieces. From Indian Pond you can go to Moosehead Lake 
with a boat, but it is rough water part of the way. Two 
years ago tnere were two men coming down in a birch canoe ; 
their birch was swamped and they were drowned. I gene- 
rally go up river a-fishing in July. The flies are mostly gone 
then. Few sportsmen come up here. E. G. 
Our readers may obtain fuller information by writing to 
Mr. E. Gordon at the above address. 
Rangeley Lakes, May 27.— The large Rangeley Lakes are still 
so cold that no fly fishing has been had on them, and the un- 
usually large party of forty persons at the Upper Dam had 
no use for their leaders and flies except for hat ornaments. 
We found the water of somo small lake* or ponds a fow 
miles through the woods, north of tho main chain of lakes 
quite warm, and trout of a pound and a pouud and a half 
rose freely to the fly, and those of us who went there had 
good sport for two days. My biggest pull was u four and a 
half pounder, although I saw two killed by other parties that 
weighed five and three-quarters and six respectively. Parties 
visiting this region, whether making a circuit of tho lakes 
•n* “ r “? ,n 8!°u to Andover, or visiting any particular point, 
will find the keepers of hotels and camps prepared, ana fair 
accommodations all along the line, A now house will accom- 
modate forty at the Middle Dam. A steamboat landing is a 
need here that will, no doubt, be soon supplied. The logs 
out °' tho of the anglers. Two booms 
reached tho Upper Dam Thursday night, having made the 
run of the entire length of the Mooselucmaguntic in one day, 
something never before accomplished iu tho era of log driving 
M. 
Massachusetts Adame, June l.-E. D. Jencks, Jas. A. 
Osborne, R. B. Deane, A, L. Maynard and J. Howland caught 
500 brook trout m a stream u fow miles from here Decoration 
Day. 
"“V"'*. nuuuiumt supply reported of 
striped bass. Mr. W. T. Gmut, of Fall River, caught one at 
Westport P oiut weighing 49* pounds, and mine host of the 
Parker House served up ouc to-day weighing 48 pounds 
caught in our lower harbor. Tho specimens weighing from 
one to ten pounds are too numerous to moution. 
Conoha. 
Movements of the Fishing Fleet.— Only two Bank ar- 
rivals havo been reported the past week, bringing 16,000 lbs. 
fresh halibut. The mackerel fleet aro working this way, and 
28 arrivals have been reported for tho week. The catch has 
been small and the quality inferior. The receipts for the 
week have been about 600 bbls. The number of Georges ar- 
rivals reported has been 41, bringing 800,000 lbs. codfish 
Two herring vessels have arrived the past wcok, one Trom 
Newfoundland via Boston, and one from tho Magdalen 
Islands, reporting the fishery at the latter plaoe a failure 
Whole number of fishing arrivals for tho week, 73 .— Cape Ann 
Advertiser, May 81. 
Oonnbotiout — WalcottviUe. — Trout fishing In this section 
Is unusually good. Of course one should first know Just where 
to go. The American House of this placo had a two-days’ 
supply donated them by Mr. Dolbey of Baltimore, Md., who 
is indulging in a littlo fishing hereabouts. In company with 
a resident lie had a good day’s trout flBhing lust week, and 
succeeded in filling a large soap box with fine brook trout 
averaging about 8J to the pound. The entire number caught 
by them oa that day exceeded 400. A brother of mine also 
caught 196 in one day about the same time, but in an op- 
posite direction from this place than that taken by Mr. Dol- 
bey. The average of trout to the pound in his case was still 
better— about 7*. Black bass fishing is also very good in West 
Hill pond In this neighborhood. This pond Is located beauti- 
fully both as regards bass and scenery, and is, I maintain, the 
best water in the State in which to find black bass. From 20 
to 70 is a day’s catch for a fisherman. The lust legislature 
(1878) removed all restrictions against black bass in the Farm- 
ington, Housatonic and Connecticut rivers and rivers empty- 
ing into the Connecticut ; and this law, it is olaiined.by some 
includes this pond as it empties into tho Farmington river’ 
and the latter into the Connecticut river. This, however, is 
extending and^construing the Statute amazingly liberally. ’ I 
do not think any one would be prosecuted and fined even if 
this veiw of the case is not sustained, as every one is of the 
opinion that they are too plenty in this pond, and should be 
caught. The restriction on black boss in Connecticut exists 
only in the month of June os the law now stands. K. 
New Yobk— Albany, June 1.— We were on the Mohawk 
May 80th, in hopes of socuring a few black bass. Weather 
very unfavorable, cold rain all day, with light northwest 
winds, water clear but covered with small black flies. Fish 
would not take the fly, spoon or bait. Secured one bass 
weighing fourteen ounces. On opening found stomach empty 
of food, but fish filled with spawu, which is more evidence to 
show the close season expires too soon. Last fal many bass 
were taken weighing about teu or twelve ounces. They are 
lighter than tho old residents of the Mohawk, and do not have 
the dark bars on the side after being caught. It is supposed 
they are some of the fish put In a short time ago. Dbxteu. 
Adikondaoes.— A Brooklyn correspondent, Mr. C.O. Mark 
ham, the artist, is in receipt of letters from Rainbow Pond, 
which report that trolling and brook trout fishing there just 
now is very fine. Wardner, of tho Rainbow Park Hotel, iB 
building an immense dam at the inlet of the lake, so that his 
guests may have boating and trout fishing at all times. A 
letter from Big Clear Pond reports excellent fishing there. 
Greenwood Lake, June 1.— There is no truth whatever in 
the report that the fish are dying in Greenwood Luke. This 
report originated from the fact that some parties aro supposed 
to havo used nitre-glycerine in the “ Little Long Pond” near 
Monroe, os many dead fish are seen there, and the original 
name of Greenwood Lake was Long Pond. We would sup 1 
gest to anglers to return to the water such fish as their Jud * 
ment and sportsmanlike spirit pronounces unfit for capture. S- 
Lakeport, June 1.— A piscatorial lady and gentleman 
went out on Oneida Lake with Mr. Goss, fisherman of the 
“ Avon House,” and caught 60 lbs. of bass and pike on Friday 
31st of May. Fish are now biting very well, and large quan- 
tities are being taken. j; j. d. 
New Jeiiset— Kinsey’s Ashley House, Barnegal Inlet, June 
1.— A few parties took somo seven to eight blueflsh per boat 
on Wednasday, but the run is only about 1 * to 31bs. Tho na- 
tives, who know where to drop their anchor, still catch plenty 
of black and sea-bass running large. No sheepsheaJ yet. 
They generally commence biting about the second week of 
June; last year first caught was June 12. B. 
Blooming Grove Pabkj— S ince the year began very im- 
portant accessions of members and meaus have been made to 
this association, and most of the long contemplated improve 
ments have been made 
The new road to the park via Millville is nearly completed 
and will be very attractive. All the vacant rooms at the club 
house will be furnished, and from present indications ull will 
be filled with members and their guests during the season. A 
new road has been opened to Lake Laura. Boats will be 
placed on tho lake and a gamekeeper stationed there during 
the black haw fishing. Tha trout fishing is better than usual 
this season in the Bhohola and Blooming Grove streams. 
