360 
FOREST AND STREAM 
gether. He also warned the novice against planting too many 
trees at once, to test a few varieties thoroughly for a few 
years, find out those best suited for that particular soil and 
locality, and then plant as largely of those varieties that he 
found best suited as taste or circumstances might dictate. He 
followed by inveighing strongly against the practice, too prev- 
alent, of allowing orchards to run to grass, having practical- 
ly tried it, leaving a few rows in his orchard to grow in the 
sward while the rest was cultivated. In a few years the fruit 
became small, juiceless and of no commercial value. When 
growing fruit for the market he advocated strongly to allow 
the tree to grow vigorously at first, and not to let it bear until 
it had a good sound constitution and vigor enough to carry 
it through condemning in toto the cultivation of dwarf pear 
trees for market purposes ; finishing up his address by practi- 
cal illustrations of his method of thinning the fruit duriBg 
June and July so as to get the maximum of size as well as 
weight from the tree ; enforcing bis remarks by saying that 
small or medium sized fruit will not bring in market much 
more than one-half of what largo fruit will do, that it is wors 
for the tree, and, worse than all, worse for the pocket. A 
vote of thanks was most heartily awarded him, and an inter- 
esting discussion followed on the relative value of dwarf 
Pears and Apples, versus Standards. The semi-annual ex- 
hibition of Lbe society takes place at Gilmore’s Garden, May 
19th to 21st, and those of our renders who remember last 
season’s display need not to be asked not to forget to go to see 
it. The society hope this season to make a still finer display, 
and wc advise all to go and see for themselves. Any informa- 
tion will be gladly furnished by the Secretary, W. L. David- 
son, Box 101, Brooklyn, N. Y. 
ro coHRBiPONDBNTS. -Those desiring as to prescribe for their dog* 
wilt please tako note of and describe the following points In each ani- 
mal: 
l.Agc. 8. Food and medicine given. 8. Appearance of the eye; 
of tho coat; of the tongue and lips. 4. Any changes In the appearance 
of the body, as bloating, drawing In of the flunks, etc. 6. Breathing 
the number of respirations per minute, an.l whether labored or not. 
fi. Condition of tho bowels and secretions of the kldneyB, color, etc. 7. 
Appetite ; regular, variable, etc. 8. Temperature of the body as indi- 
cated by the bulb of the thermometer when placed between the body 
and the foreleg. 9. Olve position of kennel and surroandlngs, outlook, 
contiguity to other buddings, and the uses of the latter. Also give any 
peculiarities of temperament, movements, etc., that may be noticed, 
tlgn of suffering, etc. 
A Tbrbieb Bear Dog.— An old bear hunter in Mississippi 
was once saved from death, or being badly hurt, by a 
very small terrier dog. While out still hunting he 
came across a tree in the hollow of which was a 
bear’s den with two very young cubs in it. As 
he found ready sale for these little beasts, he was anxious to 
capture them. Knowing that the old one was not far off, he 
determined to await her appearance, shoot her, and carry off 
the young. As she did not return as soon as he expected, he 
made bold to capture the cubs and start away with them. It 
was not lODg, however, before his position became quite un- 
enviable. The old one, returning and finding her babies gone, 
became 6avage and started in search of them. It was but a 
short time before she was on the right trail, and would have 
soon overtaken our hero, but for the timely interference of the 
little dog, which, seeing the excitement, flew at the bear, 
biting it about the hind legs, and so annoying her that she 
would turn to strike at it, all of which retarded her charge upon 
the hunter ; the dog, being so small, could dodge the blows of 
the infuriated beast and be ready at a moment to begin the at- 
tack again. The hunter, who was as cool under the circum- 
stances as possible, finding that he had gained a little, wheeled 
to fire at the bear, when, to his horror, the gun missed fire. 
Seeing his utter helplessness, he threw down the cubs ; but so 
savage was the bear that this did not check her, and she had 
come so close that the hunter, but for the persistent attacks of 
the terrier, would have been caught. At last he succeeded in 
getting up a tree too small for the bear to follow him. She 
lingered about the spot for a long time, evidently anxious to 
punish the offender. The hunter, too, was not content to 
leave until he had bagged his game, nor did he- Waiting 
until the old bear had gone away, he descended from the tree, 
got his rifle ready, and in a short while bad killed the mother 
and recaptured the cubs. The little dog did not escape un- 
hurt, having received a blow by which it lost one of its eyes. 
I know the person of whom the above adventure is told, and 
do not believe him to have exaggerated the facts in the least. 
Nashville, June 5, 1878. J. D. H. 
Mr. Lort, Esq., and Db. Stbaohan— Editor Forest and 
Stream: The very large number of letters (twenty-eight) 
which I have received from gentlemen, experts and lovers of 
the sporting dog, congratulating me upon my criticism of Mr. 
Lort, in the letter which appeared in your issue of May 23, 
and urging me in many instances to further discussion and re- 
ply to various correspondents, leads me to ask you to per- 
mit me through your columns to reply to one and all that I 
have neither time nor inclination to continue such contro- 
versy. I wrote what I did because it was forced upon me as 
a duly, although an unpleasant one, and I said what I had to 
say, or at least as nearly so as your printer would allow me ! 
and now am quite content to leave the matter in the hands of 
others. The character of such replies as have been brought 
to my notice is at any rate not of such a nature as to be en- 
titled to any reply from me, but I feel inclined to thank the 
large number of prominent gentlemen who have personally 
written to me and to whom I find it out of my power separate- 
ly to reply. By giving this space in your valuable and in- 
creasingly delightful paper, Mr. Editor, you will confer a 
favor upon yours sincerely, A. Russell Straohan. 
51 E. 23d »t., N. 7. 
A Compliment Paid to Mb. Linooln.— The following 
pleasant letter was received by Mr. Charles Lincoln, just 
prior to hiB departure for St. Paul, where he goes to arrange 
tho prize list of the forthcoming Bench Show to be held there. 
Mr. Lincoln is quite eaDguine that the show there will bo a 
remarkably good one : „ „ 
Massachusetts Kennel Club, 1 
Boston, May 0, lore- ) 
Chablkb Lincoln, Esq.-. , fh t at a 
My Bear Sir - 1 have the pleasure to tbanksof 
meeting of the club, held this day, it waBvotedthathethanks ot 
the club be given to Mr. Charles Lincoln, the f 
of our recent Bench Show, for the very effleent andsaUs 
factory manner in which he discharged his duties, aud that 
the Secretary send him a copy of this vote. 8ec 
I am yours very truly, Edward J. Fobstbb, Sec. 
Canine Degradation.— There is no telling to what depths 
even a dog may fall. Securely muzzled, coupled, held by a 
leash, and accompanied by a sturdy attendant armed with a 
cruel lash, two magnificent, strong-limbed bloodhounds, 
whose every movement bespoke fleetness and endurance, were 
led down Broadway one day last week, bearing on their dis- 
honored hacks the gaudy blazons of a corn doctor. We 
thought we detected in Iheir eyes that peculiar light that 
shoue in the eyes of the untamed Spartan captive in the 
streets of Rome. 
Name Claimed— Bloomsbury, Pa., June <3.— I claim name 
of Lorna Doone for my Irish red setter bitch puppy, bred 
from Sprague's Ruby II. (Tippo-Ruby, Ducat stock), sired 
by Ranger J- R - Schuyler. 
St Louis, Mo— I wish to claim the names Surprise and 
Missouri for my two 0. W. bitch puppies out of Russa G. 
Champion France, born Dec. 18, 1877. W. Vie. 
country. The English use copper, as it is a better conductof 
of heat, and will give better results from tho same amount or 
fuel: brass and copper tubes are used for the same reason. 
The cheapest boiler, and the one most extensively used, is the 
vertical tubular. This form of boiler should be of larger diam- 
eter and less height than the patterns in common use : larger 
diameter to admit of a larger Dumber of tubes, and less 
height to bring the centre of gravity of the boiler as low 
down as possible. This form of boiler is not the most 
economical of fuel— but that is of secondary importance to 
stability. The return tubular boiler is more expensive, but 
is probably the best type that can be used for steam yachts ; 
the centre of gravity is low down, and it is very economical. 
The diameter of this boiler should also be large compared to 
its length, the objection to a long boiler being fouuded on the 
fact that the water level is hard to find when the boat is used 
in rough water, owing to the pitching of the boat. The loco- 
motive boiler is used in racing boats of the Thornycroft type. 
It is desirable that the engineer knows how to test a boiler in 
the absence of a professional inspector. The following mode 
is easy, safe aud conclusive : Fill the boiler and its connec- 
tions to the steam valve (which should be shut tightly) full of 
cold water; build afire uuder the boiler, which will soon 
cause the water to expand ; watch the pressure gauge, and 
the moment the pressure reaches the point determined on for 
the lest open the blow off valve and thus relieve the pressure 
Steam should not be carried to more than two-thirds the 
amount of the test pressure. There is no danger in testing 
boilers by this method, as if a rupture should occur there is no 
steam, and there can he nothing but au escape of water. 
Steam pressure gauges should be graduated to two or more 
times the number of pounds it is proposed to carry in the 
boiler, for the reason that gauges are more reliable in their in- 
dications at mid scale than at either high or low points. It 
is best to use two gauges so that one may be a check on the 
other. For the same reason it is better to use two safety 
valves, as sometimes one may refuse to act. Safety valves, 
with nickel-plated valves and valve seats, are best. 
Visits— Bloomsburg, Pa., June 6.— My Irish red setter bitch 
Nell II. (Plunket— Nell) has visited Dr. Jarvis' Champion 
Elcho. J - R - Schuyler. 
Gentlemen wishing lo form Clubs will And rules of orBRnizo- 
tion In the “ Club List l" price, 50 cents. 
Q achting mid Ranting. 
HIGH WATER FOR THE WEEK. 
Date. 
Boston. 
New York. 
Char lest o 
June 14 
June id 
June 16 
H. M. 
11 03 
11 67 
0 16 
1 04 
1 60 
2 83 
3 16 
H. M. 
7 24 
S 16 
9 07 
9 67 
10 47 
11 36 
M 
U. M. 
6 62 
7 46 
8 86 
9 16 
10 02 
10 43 
11 24 
June 20 
BOAT AND YACHT BUILDING. 
BY NAUTI0U8. 
STEAM YACHTS. 
I N the past ten years small screw steamers for use as yachts or 
for business purposes have taken a leading position. The 
first attempts at building small screw steamers were crude : 
the hulls were poorly modeled, the engines too heavy and 
slow, and the boilers not only too large and heavy, but defi- 
cient in heating surfaces and not able to carry the requisite 
amount of steam necessary to make such boats a success. As 
an aid to those wishing to build or buy a steam yacht, the fol- 
lowing remarks may be of service : The hull should be light 
and stiff. The proportion of width to length depends, first, 
on the size of the boat. A small boat should not be less than 
four feet beam, otherwise there will be no room, and the boat 
DIAGRAM N« 52 
will be “ cranky.” If a boat is wanted for speed the propor- 
tion of length to width must be one foot beam to eight feet of 
length of load line, or more. The water lines should be fine, 
and midship section small. If the boat is to be used in shoal 
water the screw should be placed in such a manner that it 
will not project below the bottom of the boat ; in this case 
the water lines must be hollowed considerably toward the 
stern, so as to give as easy a run as possible. The best plan 
is lo place the screw low dowu, so that one-third or one-half 
of its diameter will be below the bottom of the boat, thereby 
obtaining solid water to work in and consequently a greater 
percentage of speed. To protect the screw the keel is made 
of an extra depth. The deep keel also gives a firm, stiff floor, 
thereby preventing the shaft from being twisted out of align- 
ment. The boiler should be constructed with the greatest 
possible amount of heating surface compatible with good cir- 
culation. The shell may be constructed of iron, but is best 
of steel, and should stand a working pressure of at least one 
hundred pounds to the square inch. The riveting should be 
double, thereby admitting the use of lighter plates. (The time 
is not far distant when small boilers will be welded up solid, 
without; any rivets, thereby reducing the weight of boilers 
largely. )fcThe fire box is.usually made of iron or steel in this 
The engines should be light and fast running, developing 
their power from high steam pressure and speed of piston. 
They require more attention being given to good fitting than 
would be necessary with heavy, slow running engines. The 
most satisfactory type of engine is the English double cylin- 
der vertical ; single engines are cheaper, but will not work as 
smoothly at high speeds. The water supply may be main- 
tained by either a pump or an injector; their is but little to 
choose between them, the injector is the handiest and prob- 
ably the best for non-condensing engines. Small boilers may 
be fed by an equilibrium chamber filled by hand, and provid- 
ed with a glass water gauge— this is the simplest method of 
any. A galvanized iron pan should extend under the boiler to 
catch and prevent ashes from mixing with the bilge water. 
A similar pan should be placed under the engine to catch 
oil drippings, which would otherwise injure the boat. The 
engine and boiler should be well protected by covering and 
lagging to prevent radiation of heat. The sleeve for the 
shaft should be long, and formed in such a manner as to 
strengthen instead of weaken the deadwood. The stuffing 
box on its inner end should be long, so as not to require re- 
packing often. The outside bearing is beBt made by shrinking 
a brass sleeve on the shaft, and making the boxing of lignum- 
vitm wood ; this, if well fitted, will last a long time and give 
no trouble. The working parts of the engine should be made 
of steel, and the crank balanced. For small boats it is hardly 
necessary to use ordinary link motion. If the valve is set to 
cut off at three-quarter stroke, it will give the maximum ef- 
I feet that can be expected from the expansion of steam, and 
some simple device may be used for reversing, doing away 
