CALIFORNIA SALMON— Sblmo Qoinnat. 
and afterward transferred to Oregon, with AHtoria as its head 
quarters and entrepot , the Columbia River being the nursery 
of the raw material. Mr. Booth's establishment, which is the 
largest in the world, alone produces 2,500,000 pounds of 
canned fish annually. But, in addition to the 20,000,000 
pounds of salmon exported in cans, the quantity of salted fish 
in barrels, and the great amount consumed by t\e Indians as 
their staple article of diet the year round (fresh or dried), 
make the grand product of the Columbia River alone fully 
45.000. 000 pounds, or four and a half times the whole catch 
of the United Kingdom of Great Britain. There are now, we 
believe, thirty canning establishments on the Pacific coast, 
and those rim night and day, like a blast furnace, for 100 
days in the year. Such consumption, it is reasonable to sup- 
pose, must inevitably result in depletion ; and to guard against 
such probable contingency the United States Government es- 
tablished, two years ago, a hatching house on the Olackamas 
River, a tributary of the Columbia, capable of producing 
20.000. 000 of young salmon per season, which, when mature, 
‘■would make ten times 20, 000, 000 pounds in canned weight. 
Of course the percentage of loss from natural causes Is very 
great, but just now the most destructive foe to contend with 
is the violator of the protective law, who catches fish at ell 
crowded in an unnaturally small quantity of water, they be- 
come restless, gasping for air at the surface, and if not re- 
lieved in a very few minutes, fall exhausted and smother or 
drown at the bottom of the can. 
To prevent this drowning, take a dipper or pint cup and dip 
up the water, pouring it back into the can from the height of 
eighteen inches or two feet, 60 as to drive the air down to the 
bottom of the can. The air is Tapidly reabsorbed by the 
water, aerating and refreshening it, so that the fish will go 
down to the bottom to enjoy the revitalizing and refreshing 
stream. The dipping should be continued for several min- 
utes until the fish remain quiet-ly in the lower part of the can. 
When the weather is warm, it is necessary to keep the 
water cool by ice, one or two pieces the size of a cocoanut, 
replaced when melted, will keep the temperature about 
50 deg. When the temperature is low the fish breathe more 
slowly and exhaust the water with lees rapidity,' but the dip- 
p t must be used freely, particularly if the cans are standing 
quiet. When the fish are comfortable they remain quiet and 
breathing easily, and without restlessness. 
Always be ready with your dipper to freshen the water. 
Do not let fifteen minutes pass without looking at the fish. 
When the cans are not in motion, the fish require more at 
tention than when shaken by the moving of car or wagon, 
which agitates the water and keeps it aerated to a certain ex- 
teDt. , j . „ 
Never allow your fish to stand exposed to the sun, or in a 
strong draft, particularly if it be a warm one. 
The covers may be put on the cans lightly, so as to prevent 
New York —Seth Green placed in the river, below the 
lower falls, some 90,000 young *ad. hatched n J fc C ^« l ° i J 
the Hudson. This makes some 210,000 >oung shad in all 
which have been put in the river. 
— 
—Mr. Monroe A. Green has broken camp at Castleton and 
finished work for the season. The season for shad haB been 
exceedingly cold and backward. 
Wisconsin -Madison, June 19.-Tbe new Board of Fish 
Commissioners met in this city to-day and organized by the 
election of the following officers: Pres Wm. Welsh, Madi 
son; Sec., Moses Hooker, Oshkosh; Treas., Dr P. Hoy, 
Racine. Many improvements are to be made at the Mad'ffon 
fish hatching house. Fifteen million white' 
batched for Lake Michigan. Two mill on brook trout, when 
large enough, will be distributed generally. hover. 
TnE Halifax Steamers.— Perhaps the most delightful 
way of reaching the famous trout and salmon streams ot rtov 
Scotia and New Brunswick is by the popular steamers of the 
Cromwell Line. So long and favorably known intnexv 
Orleans trade, Messrs. Clark and Seaman have placed two 
their most commodious and reliable steamships onj the r H n 
fax and St. Johns, N. F„ branch, thereby enabling , touristsm 
enjoy a pleasant summer’s trip at sea at. very time 
The' V Cortes and Alhambra make trips on schedule 
every ten days, as will be seen by reference to our advertismen 
FOREST AND STREAM. 
- taT-.ajs* KtSS 
and required a lead pill. Then v .i in proach tbe shore. 
Bold by my father in tl * SlutM and put a ball in 
I had to leave my oars i eOT few m ^ ^ st F rn but my 
him. He would n ^!:n ^through the former ordeal bravely, 
mother, although ‘ P“-‘ n g Jf B • gatorship towing a few feet 
5 him Shore 4c tried to haul him 
behind her. Aft g b we ha d lo send one of the 
°” Tf.er he workmen and also for some more cartridges 
fi r L K!or ^il Showed’ some fight, although we had put 
Nearly aCife of bullets into bis head and neck 
^fm/lrnek with a pitcher of cool orangeade— very thought tut 
^her as our mouths were pwched. The -gator weighed 
SLrivSW pounds, had a splendid set of teeth, and was abou 
nearly aw pouuu , F w , u e teetb comes out we will 
« « as scsiK 
EeSr “A SVS 
water I don’t thiuk the ladies will ever forget their alhgator 
. . *o T write this they are all on board the good steamer 
Unit's Landing, LaJce George, Fit. Wm. K Lent*. 
SALMON CANNING IN OREGON AND 
CALIFORNIA. 
X1HE accompanying cuts illustrate some of the operations 
j_ of salmon canning on the Columbia River, a business 
fchose importance as a commercial factor of the Pacific com 
iade can only be estimated by its stupendous results. The 
ixportation of salmon in cans is truly of immenseproportions, 
laving grown to it in a decade of years. Beginning in 1868, 
the enormous production of 20.000,000 pounds m 
1876. The venture was initiated on the Sacramento River, 
times iu contravention of prudence, common sense and com- 
punction of stomach. . 
So far, the barreling of salmon has not been remunerati , 
the business being merely an adjunct to canning .such fie 
only being salted as cannot be canned within ‘went* Jou 
hours after being caught. Salted salmon is ^ 
the barrel of 200 pounds, or three and a half cents per pound, 
W The Co^umbia°Rbver salmon average about twenty pounds 
in weight, and'frequently reach sixty-five pound*, having a 
length of nearly six feet, and a girth of over four feet, or the 
bulb of an unusually large man ! . 
The heaviest catch takes place in June, and the largest 
tories then employ nearly 400 men. 
_ ^ «# « • 
OALtFOBNiA SALMON.-We still urge as strongly as possible 
that fishermen should carefully examine such salmon as they 
may catch, so that should a salmo. quinnal-a California sal- 
mon-come under their notice, such a fact should be announced 
to us at once. The difference between the Atlantic and Cali- 
fornia salmon is quite marked. The California fish is heavier 
and coarser in build, and has greater bulk for bis length and 
would weigh more than an Atlantic fish of the same size. Then 
there are more rays in the anal fin. The Secretary of the 
Smithsonian Institution writes us that he hopes he shall yet 
have the California fish in abundance. If they come at all it 
will probably be iu large numbers. Next year ought to be 
the time for them, still it is wise to be on the lookout for 
them. 
■ -■ » ’#* * ’ 
Directions for Transporting Living Fish Fry.— The 
following very useful instructions for the transportation of 
fish are published by Dr. R. O. Sweeny, Chairman of the 
Minnesota Fish Commission. They will be found especially 
seasonable just now : 
' When the water is exhausted of its oxygen, which is 
rapidly breathed out by the great number of fish 
slnnnimr and vet to admit air, when the cans are moving ; but 
when standing still, place covers upside down on the cans, to 
2S out dirt, and be readily moved for dipper work. 
jp ice be used, it will not be necessary to change water for 
forty eight hours or more. If it should .e nece^ry to ke 
them so long as that in .he cans, the dirt may be drawn off 
from tbe bottom by an Indian rubber tube used as a syphon. 
In planting fish fry. keep toward the head of the Lake al- 
ways avoiding an outlet current, and if practicable, give them 
a ftony V or gravelly bottom, so they may have hiding places 
Ul ouktlv lay the canon its side, so ns to allow the lake 
waTer to enter it genlly, that the change of temperature be 
fVi ^ nni violent • then slowly raise the bottom end so 
practicable, particularly in hot weather. 
-A Nashville correspondent sends the following hints on 
tb Concerning the carrying of minnows to our fishing streams, 
we haul them 100 miles overland with perfect safety. I WO 
mv bovs caught 400 beautiful “ steel-backs find chubs on 
The 15th day of March lost. Put them into eight tbrec-gallon 
buckets each bucket being furnished with an inside 
bucket perforated thickly with eighteen inch holes, the in- 
side fitting loosely. As fast as a bucketful is secured, we 
take the inside out and tic it in running water, if convenient, 
and if not, we wash the minnows by pouring off the foul 
water, and thus frequently washing them quite clean. You 
see it is the excrement iu tight buckets that kills them, to- 
other with want of “ aeration.’’ We thus washed them for 
fbout a week, and then hauled them to “ Piny, a beautiful, 
clear little mountain river, about seventy miles to the west of 
us a tributary of our beautiful Tennessee. Tennessee, and 
especially Nashville, is noted for its accomplished amateur 
fishermen, and is fully up with the times in all that can he 
done with “Meek and Milan.” Fish ere rot as abundant m 
our streams as formerly, but yet sufficiently so to 8"® ■ a 
chance for camp life for a few weeks in spring and autumn, 
especially to those who long to quit the busy haunts of men 
and quietly commune with nature during these delightful sea- 
sons If you will read this, I will know that you are m sym- 
pathy with all the pleasure that kind nature gives. 
i6 > l878 - 1bbt Moboan - 
SECTIONAL VIEW OF SAME. 
A. BCOrH’S CANNING ESTABLISHMENT. 
