504 
FOREST AND STREAM 
:8S. 
Avoid impatient vertical pushes ; the force must be upward 
and inward, increased gradually from zero to the maximum 
the age, sex, etc., may indicate. 
If a second person be present and can do it, tho tongue 
should be held out of one corner of tho mouth by the thumb 
and finger, armed with a piece of dry cotton or linen rag (Fig. 
2 a). 
We take our illustrations from the London Lancet. 
is warm enough for speedy germination, become finer in after ance. If all fails, keep on, because any moment within an 
life than hot-house gaspers. And another curious fact is that J hour's effort you may unexpectedly be rewarded with suc- 
if the seeds of tender annuals, like balsams, be sown out of 
doors in March or early April, they will rot rather than germi- 
nate on account of the coldness of the ground ; while, on the 
other hand, if the Balsams, Browallias, etc., were allowed to 
ripen and scatter their seeds last year, those seeds will, after 
lying in the ground all winter, germinate freely this year. 
Besides with the above, our gardens are also gay with lovely 
Clematises and Honeysuckles, Trumpet flowers, and the second 
crop of Wistaria blossoms, and from the first to the middle of 
July is the hay-day of the prairie rose, with its great profusion 
of clustered corymbs, after other roses are mostly all past. 
The Catalpas are in bloom, and so are Rhododendron max- 
imum, yEsculus parviflora, Smoke-tree, Ligustrium ovalifoli- 
um, Bladder-sennas, Spirrea Douglasi, callosa, and Fortunei 
Ceanothus Americanus, etc. Calluna vulgaris, the European 
heather, is coming into bloom and will last through August, 
and so is Erica vagans, also an Old World heather. And with 
all these beautiful July flowering plants, which any cottager 
can have and grow to perfection without a glass frame or a 
hot house, what need have we of such gaudy masses of 
Pelargoniums and other tropical and semi-tropical coloring ? 
W. Falconer. 
Cambridge Bot. Gardens, Boston, Mass. 
§lw Mcniwl. 
TREATMENT OF THE DROWNED. 
7"E presume that every one who reads this has more 
* » than once before seen directions of a like nature. 
Not one in a hundred, however, is a bit the wiser for what 
he has read. In an emergency he would not know how J 
to proceed. We republish the following very excellent direc- 
tions, taken from the Scientific American, and cannot too 
strongly urge our readers to thoroughly master the method. 
This cannot be done by merely reading this. The proper 
manipulation should be learned by practical experiments. 
Let one individual assume the role of a drowned person while 
another goes through the operation here described. Parents 
should instruct their children, and teachers their pupils. The 
process should be so familiar that when the occasion comes 
there may be intelligent treatment of the patient : 
Rule I. (Fig. 1.) — To Drain and Farce Water from the 
Lungs and Stomach.— Instantly place patient face downward, 
a hard roll of clothing being placed beneath the pit of the 
stomach, to raise it as much as possible above the level of the 
mouth. Put one wrist of the patient under his forehead to 
raise his mouth off the ground. With hands well spread up- 
on the patient’s back, above the roll of clothing, throw upon 
it your whole weight with a forward motion, and keep up the 
pressure about three seconds, so as to force all water from 
the stomach and lungs out of the mouth, ending the pressure 
To correspondents.— Those desiring as lo prescribe lor iheir dogs 
will please toko note of and describe tho following points in each ani- 
mal: 
1. Age. 8. Food and medicine given. 3. Appearance of the eye ; 
of the coat; of the tongue and lips. 4. Any changes in the appearance 
of the body, as bloating, drawing In of the flanKa, etc. 6. Breathing 
the number of respirations per mlunte, and whether labored or not. 
6. Condition of the bowols aud secretions of the kidneys, color, etc. 7. 
Appetite ; regular, variable, eto. S. Temperature of tho bo<ly as Indi- 
cated by the bulb of the thermometer wheu placed between the body 
and tho foreleg. 9. Give position of tennel and sarronudlngs, outlook, 
contiguity to other baUdlngs, and the uses of the latter. Also give any 
peculiarities of temperament, movements, etc., that muy be noticed, 
si gn of suffering, etc. 
SPAYING. 
with a push which will help to jerk you back to your up- 
right position. Repeat this once or twice, and then quickiv 
proceed with— 
Rule II. (Fig. 2.)— To Make the Patient Breathe.— Turn 
the patient face upward, the same roll of clothing being now 
beneath his back, the shoulders slightly drooping over it 
Bend head backward and downward, putting throat on the 
stretch to the utmost. Place the hands of the patient on toD 
of his head (one twist of a hankerchief or string around the 
crossed wrists will keep them there). Rip or strip all cloth- 
lpg from waist and neck. Now kneel astride the patient’s 
tups. Grasp the front part of the chest on both sides of the 
pit of the stomach, your thumbs pointing to patient’s chin 
and your fingers fitting into the grooves between the short 
rIhL ^V 0Ur e i b Pw WS f L rmly ’ makin f? Item one with your 
sides and hips, and then, firmly pressing the sides of the na- 
* and 3 u f mg your kneee 89 8 P ivot * throw your- 
self slowly forward for two or three seconds until vour face 
almost touches the face of your patient, and your whole 
Zh gh t P H r T 8 , i p ? n C ^ ie8t ’ End this P res8Ure with a short 
CiiTg p^tToI nIyjerk8 you back aeaia to ,he 
Fig. 2 
fh JtJ, w®x¥n C0?d8 while the ribs 8pr ' ng back ; then repeat 
hi i,7 bg movement ^ before, gradually increasing 
2* “J f h ven 10 times a minute ; but take the uU 
most care, on the occurrence of a natural trasp not to inter 
m 2. ‘inti Ut ’ l 88 the h b8 Jh 11 ’ e £ Dlly prf;8s ,hem a “ d deepen the 
Kthi ^ | > < ? D £ er bre * th - . Continue this until the natural 
breathing, which you are imitating, needs no further assist- 
S O many queries have been addressed us of late in regard to 
spaying, that we think it advisable to make an abstract of 
an article on this subject, published last year in this paper, and 
due to our correspondent “South Fork.” A distinguished 
surgeon, who has kindly given us advice in regard to spaying, 
tells us that the operation had better be performed by a pro- 
fessional man. People not used to the anatomy of a dog 
might commit some fatal errors. Comparative surgery might 
be tried, and it would not be unwise for those wishing to spay 
a bitch to practice first on a dead animal. This advice is also 
given us, that the operator's hands be warmed in hot water, 
then dipped into a solution of carbolic acid (one part to forty 
of water), before entering the cavity of the abdomeu ; also 
that cat-gut ligatures prepared in carbolized oil be used in 
place of silk ligatures, and thus there would he less liability 
to subsequent suppuration. The puppies should be operated on 
before being weaned : 
First, the pup should fast for several hours before the oper- 
ation, and be from about four to six weeks old. The only in- 
struments needed are a scalpel or sharp knife, a pair of scissors, 
some threads of surgeon’s silk, a soft sponge, and some ether 
to render the animal insensible to pain during the operation, 
which should be performed in a warm room as nearly the tem- 
perature of the animal as possible, as the exposure of the bowels 
to the cold atmosphere renders the liability of inflammation 
(peritonitis) following more probable. The patient is now 
placed on a small table, and with the aid of an assistant the 
ether may be administered by pouring a couple of teaspoon- 
fuls on a folded napkin and holding it over the nose in much 
the same manner as though the patient were a human being. 
A few minutes will suffice to effect unconsciousness. The 
animal will now be placed upon its back, and an incision be 
made along the little groove in the middle of the belly (Linea 
alba) from the navel, extending backward an inch and a half 
to two inches toward the crotch. There will be no bleeding 
worth speaking of, as no blood-vessels cross the middle line 
of the abdomen. 
The operator will, after cutting into the abdomen, place the 
animal’s head pointing toward his chest for convenience. 
The first object seen after opening carefully into the abdomi- 
nal cavity will be the bladder, which will easily be recognized, 
and a little gentle pressure upon it will expel the fluid from 
it through a natural channel, and enable the operator to more 
readily search for the womb. A few folds of the intestines 
may now be drawn out to one side to give more robm to 
work. The womb must now be sought for immediately be- 
neath the bladder, which will be found to be a very small, 
tortuous and cord-like organ, lying transversely and crescenti- 
cally beneath the bladder, and to the inexperienced operator 
looks like part of the intestine. When the womb is found, 
draw it up gently and follow its course transversely to its ex- 
tremity at one side of the abdomen, and there will be found a 
little hardish nodular body, about the size of a flattened gar- 
den pea, resting like a little knob on the lateral extremity of 
womb as it were. This is one of the ovaries, and is one 
of the two similar organs to be removed in spaying. Now 
put a silk thread around its pedical, or base, tie tightly, and 
cut the thread olose to the knot, and then remove the ovary 
with the 8issor8 close to the ligature. Now follow back the 
tortuous comb till the opposite side is reached, when the 
other ovary will be found, which is to be removed also in the 
manner just described. The opening in the abdomen is now 
to be sewed up with silk, carrying the stitches completely 
through the lips of the wound on each side, and tying them 
upon the surface of the abdomen at intervals of about half an 
inch. After this support and coaptale the spaces between the 
stitches with adhesive plaster, cut into strips quarter inch 
wide and three or fdur inches long, and applied warm. 
The little patient will now show symptoms of prostration, 
and the operator will in all probability conclude that “the 
dog is dead,” or at least about to die, but don’t be alarmed 
Give her a teaspoonful or two of equal parts whiskey and 
water, and wrap her up in a blanket, and place her near the 
fire when she will go to sleep, and the next day be ready to 
fight one of her brothers for the possession of a bone, which 
her starved condition will make her regard as a very desirable 
thmg just now. The mother will attend to keeping tho 
wound clean, but it may be inspected daily by the operator, 
to see that the plasters have not been licked off by the assidu- 
ous attentions of the mother. The wound heals rapidly, and 
at such points as it seems to be united the sutures or stitches 
can he cut and drawn out, drawing on them toward the wound 
so as not to tear it apart, first, however, taking the precaution 
to replace any loose adhesive straps, so as to give the wound 
and abdomen such support as will prevent protrusion ( hernia ) 
S e '“'f 8tine8 Recurring. The incision in the middle line 
of the abdomem is the best, because here no muscles are di- 
vided, and consequently no liability to interfere with the fu- 
ture free and perfect locomotion of the animal. 
Origin of Worms in Dogs.— Editor Forest and Stream : 
My attention has been called to a discussion upon the origin 
of the helminthes, or worms, in dogs, and I feel called upon 
to say a word upon the subject. This is scarcely the ago 
when spontaneous generation will answer as a theory for the 
existence of animal life, so that we must account for their 
presence in the animal in their consummated development 
not through a Generatio CEquivoca (out of diseased organic 
matter, as is very commonly supposed), but by the fact that 
their seeds or ova find their way into the animal in some way 
from without, no doubt chiefly through the medium of food or 
drink, and find an appropriate soil for existence and develop- 
ment, together with subsequent evolution or generation. Of 
course, it must bo admitted that we are often in tho dark as 
to how the various Entozoa do gain admission into the ani- 
mal organism ; but that they do in some way gain admission 
from without is now scarcely to be doubted. When ouce iu 
the body if they meet with a nidus which is congenial to their 
nature they generally multiply very fast, as all intestinal 
worms are provided with organs of generation. At the same 
time, the enormous quantity of ova which some of the Ento- 
zoa produce must, iu the main, pass out of the auimal in an 
undeveloped condition, and entering into other media, find 
their way again into other animals. In this connection it 
should be remembered that these ova are endowed with an 
almost marvelous tenacity of life, which has given a stronger 
ground for the arguments in favor of spontaneous generation 
in connection with Entozoa than almost any other form of 
animal life. All scientific investigation goes to show, in the 
flrat place, that Entozoa (worms) are introduced to the inte- 
rior of animals from without, aud chiefly through the media of 
food and drink ; and, in the second place, that they seldom 
propagate themselves in the same animal in which their 
development has been consummated, the seeds or ova passing 
out of the body to be developed elsewhere. In relation to 
the case mentioned by Mr. Wanmaker in your issue of the 
18th, of course it is difficult to determine exactly how the 
embryos obtained admission to the interior of the puppies. 
It is, however, quite possible, I think, that they were obtained 
through the mother's milk. Valentin and other observers 
found such embryos in the blood of dogs and other animals. 
It is supposed that they get there by boring their way into 
the blood-vessels of the intestinal canal, so that it is still more 
probable that such embryos might be found in the milk of a 
suckling mother. g 
Will Bitohes Worry Sheep ?— We have additional testi- 
mony from most worthy authonty that the premises held, 
that the female of the canine species will not attack sheep, 
wants further confirmation. We arc anxious to have all the 
testimony we can procure in order to settle this question : 
Mr. Editor: I am much surprised to see the idea put forth 
that bitches will not kill sheep. There is no truth in the 
notion. I have often taken them in the very act, and shot 
them on the spot. No breed is exempt from the vice nor any 
sex. No dog properly trained and cared for will commit 
such crimes against society. A sheep-stealing dog always 
belongs to a lazy master. This vice, like all other moral 
mental and physical qualities, is liable to be transmitted to 
offspring. This is, however, a conclusion well authenticated 
in my experience. A spayed bitch is much less disposed to 
wandering habits- -especiallj when left loose at nigfit— than 
any other, and therefore much less liable to temptation and 
less prone to mischief. If the operation is performed before 
the age of six months, the disabling and disfiguring obesity 
will be avoided, which will ensue if it is delayed until the 
sexual character is fully developed. I have owned spayed 
bitches of the following breeds : Setters, pointers, Newfound- 
lands, hounds, terriers and cockers. I have found them to 
be equal in instinct, courage and endurance to any dog I 
have owned or hunted with, and more docile, affectionate 
and cleanly, and less troublesome to keep than any other dogs 
1 recommend to breeders to spay their bitch puppies freely 
at from sixty to ninety days old ; and I also recommend to 
bench shows and field trials to present special classes for 
spayed bitches. Finally, I would suggest to gentlemen liv- 
ing in town that spayed bitches will give them less trouble 
will bear confinement much better and cost less to keen than 
other dogs. M. J. E. 
Blacksburg, Va. 
Minnesota Kennel Club— St. Paul, July 27.— Mr. Editor • 
The committee hope to receive a large number of entries 
from all parts. Exhibitors may rest assured of receiving a 
hearty welcome, as the members of the club propose to do 
their best to make their stay as pleasant as possible. We have 
already received numerous applications, very many of whom 
ask about the prospects for chicken shooting. Well, I am 
glad to tell you that from all parts of the State the news is, 
“Very plentiful.” The committee held a meeting Monday 
and determined to hold a public field trial immediately after 
the Show, and from what I can now learn it will succeed, 
providing a satisfactory place can be secured within an easy 
distance from the railroad, and plenty of birds, good accom- 
modations, etc. There seems to be no doubt about securing 
all these. You can rest assured nothing will be left undone 
to make them a grand success. The committee have already 
secured from the Railroad Company free transit for dogs, and 
half fare for passengers, to and from St. Paul to some point 
in the neighborhood of Sauk Centre. The entries close Aug. 
19. Yours truly, Chas. Lincoln, Sup’t. 
Massachusetts — Cambridge, July 21.— There was landed 
Wednesday, July 17, for the Harvard Kennel, the bitch, 
Countess Vesta, by Dan out of Countess. She is in good con- 
dition and a very fine bitch. She was served by Brewis’ 
Dash II. before leaving England. Dash was the winner at 
Horseheath this year. 
Whelps — Marshaltown, Iowa, June 23. — Mr. I. 8. Jones’ 
orange and white Phoebe whelped, June 17, twelve puppies, 
eight dogs and four sluts, out of his Jet. 
