FOREST AND STREAM 
37 
gustu, Vice President; J. W. Clnpp, Secretary anil Treas- 
urer. A board of fifteen directors, also an cxAfttlro coin^ 
miltec of three were elected. Tlio annual meeting of the 
association is to be held ut Augusta ou the third Friday of 
January of each year. 
—Dr. John P. Ordway, President of the Massachusetts 
Anglers' Association, was very severely injured by the rnil- 
road accident at Rcudville last week. 
INSTINCT OF SALMON. 
RocHKSTitn, February 20th 1875. 
Editou Foiucst and Stukam: — 
I don’t know where you could have got the idea that I 
said the young California salmon would not return to the 
sume stream that they were put in I fear that some person 
has put that in your head. I never said they would not. 
Yours. Sktii Gurkn. 
If Mr. Green will refer to the New York Timto, Feb. IS, 
lie will see what purports to he a conversation with him 
about the! habits of salmon. We based our statement on 
that. However, we don't see that it signifies one way or 
the other; though wo should fancy that if the instinct of 
the Pacific salmon were only strong enough, they would go 
home overland, instead of taking the old route via Capo 
Horn. 
Quintal Jj istorrr . 
INSECT LIFE— No. 2. 
BY KKUHA. 
T HE laborious industry of the white uul, its patient. 
perseverance and wonderful building operations, af- 
ford material for instructive and interesting study to the 
naturalist, as well nstn’tliose the most casually interested 
in the wonders of Nature or the operations of her myriads 
of tiny creatures. That such diminutive insects (for they 
are scarcely a fourth of an inch iu length), however nume- 
rous, should, in the space of three or four years, be able to 
erect a building twelve feet high, and of proportionable 
bulk, covered by a vast dome, adorned without by numer- 
ous pinnacles aud turrets, and sheltering under its ample 
nrch myriads of vaulted apartments of various dimensions, 
and constructed of different materials— that they should, 
moreover, excavate in different directions, and at different 
depths, innumerable subterranean roads or tunnels, twelve 
or thirteen inches in diameter, or throw au arch of stone over 
other roads leading from the metropolis into the adjoining 
country to the distance of several hundred feel — that they 
should project and finish the (for them) vast interior stair- 
cases, or bridges, lately described — and finally, that the 
millions necessary to execute such herculean labors, per- 
petually passing to and fro, should never interrupt or in- 
terfere with each other, is a miracle of Nature, gr, rather, 
of the Author of Nature, far exceeding the most boasted 
works and structures of man; for did these creatures equal 
him in size, retaining their usual iustincts and activity, 
their buildings would soar to the astouishing height of 
more than half a mile, aud their tunnels would expand to 
a magnificent cylinder of more than three huudred feet in 
diameter, before which the pyramids of Egypt and the 
aqueducts of Rome would lose all their celebrity and dwin- 
dle into nothing. 
Another interesting study is found in the nest of the 
common wasp. This is generally formed in un underground 
cavity, usually in a bank. It is oval in shape, about six- 
teen or eighteen inches long, and twelve or thirteen broad. 
A well-peopled nest will contain at least 10,000 cells, sim- 
ilar in shape to those of the honey bee, and, like them, 
disposed in combs or layers; but, unlike those of the bee, 
the cells of the wasp do not contain honey, are not formed 
in double layers, and do not consist of wax, but of the 
same substance ns the external envelope of the nest. What 
is this substance* No other than paper of a grayish color, 
which the insect instinctively knew how to manufacture 
from the fibres of wood, detached by their jaws from posts, 
rails, or other places, long before the art of making paper, 
as we now see it, was discovered by man; and the paste- 
board nests of another wasp, a native of Ceylon, vie iu 
whiteness, solidity, and polish with the most superior ar- 
ticle of that description ever fabricated by the most cele- 
brated manufacturers. 
The spider alluded to as having forestalled the diving 
hell, lortns her curious habitation at the bottom of the 
water. She soins a number of loose threads, which are 
attached to 'he c tves ami stems of water plants; over this 
framework she next spreads a transparent vurnish, imper- 
vious to water; then, by ascending to the surface, she man- 
ages to carry down into the chamber thus formed a bubble 
of air, and fills the chamber by repeating her visits to the 
surface a sufficient uumber of times to effect its distcu- 
tiou, each time carrying down a bubble of uir. 
On the under side of the leaves of pear trees may often 
bo seen, in Spring, a number of spine-like projections, 
about a quarter of an inch high, and not much thicker 
than a pin. These are the silken tents of u little caterpil- 
lar, which preys upon the parenchyma, or pulp of the leaf. 
The tent is attached to the leaf by a number of silken 
threads; but should any extraordinary violence threaten to 
disturb the perpendicularity of the habitation, the tenant 
instantly creates u vacuum in the lower portion by ascend- 
ing to the upper part; its body tills the upper portiou, and 
thus leaves the lowermost free of air, the vacuum so caused 
serving to attach the lent quite firmly to the leaf. 
One of the most curious things connected with insect 
economy is that succession of changes from the egg to the 
perfect stale through which all insects pass. In reference 
to these changes, -or metamorphoses, as they are called, 
which equal iu wonder while they surpass in interest any 
of the traustormutions recorded iu the pages of Ovid. 
Said a writer on this subject; "Were a naturalist to an- 
nounce to the world the discovery for the first time of nn 
animal which, for the first fivo years of its life, existed in 
the form of a serpent; which then penetrating into the 
earth, and weaving a shroud of pure -silk of the finest tex- 
ture. contracted itself within tills covering, into a body 
without externa] mouth or limbs, and resembling more than 
anything else, an Egyptian mummy; and which lastly, after 
remaining without tood and without motion for three years 
longer, should, at the end of th.it period hurst its s'ilken 
cerement, struggle through its earthly covering, and start 
into day u winged bird — what would be the sensation, do 
you tlnnk, of this strange # pieee of intelligence Y After 
the first doubts of its truth were dispelled what astonish 
inent would succeed ! Amongst the learned what surmises! 
wliat Investigations ! Amongst the vulgar what eager cu 
riosity and amazement ! All would he interested in tin- 
history of such au hitherto unheard of phenomenon; even 
tlie most torpid and indifferent would flock to see such a 
prodigy." And yet, without exciting much surprise, this 
is what is going on continually under our very eyes. With 
divers modifications of minor import, it is the course 
through which have passed the countless hosts of Insects, 
muny of which were firmly believed to be the rear U of 
spontaneous generation — an ubsutd idea, by no means ex- 
ploded in our own day. 
— Prof. Theodore Gill, of the Smithsonian Institution, 
and Dr. Elliott Coues, U. S. A., lire engaged upon a syste- 
matic revislou of tin; mammals of North America. 
HYACK AND KYACK. 
U. s. National Mcskcm, I 
VVabhinoton, February 10, 187S. f 
Editou Koiibmt and Stkbam.— 
Under "Answer# to Corrvv»t>onilenls" In your Issue of February It, ! ob- 
serve a query from a Portland rorreepondent In regard to the mime 
"tiyack," a» used In Nova Mentis newspapers. If "Cod" will tako tho 
trouble tu talk wltli Portland fishermen hu will 11 ml the name In common 
use at hit* very door. All along tlio const of Malm- and south as far u» 
Provincetown, tlio 11111110 "kyack" and "kyonk" are applied to n fancied 
variety of tlio ulewlfo of Now Kmrlnnil (1‘omolobut jwtudo har*nqut), 
The variety of names given to this one specie* by Maine (Ph.-mien Ik 
qulto remarkiiblo. I once saw u flsliormnn tako a number of them from 
his gill not. throw them Into three piles, mid pronounce 'hem different 
kind*, and after a miperdclnl glance thought him right A more careful 
study failed to reveal any satisfactory distinction, hut showed mu on 
what ground* lie Hopxrntud them; thorns which had been rubbed ami had 
lost the scales from their back*, leaving tho blue akin expound, lie called 
"blue bucks," or "kincka;" those which had died with tho back ntrulglr 
and tho belly thrown ont in a atrongly curved line, exposing the sharp, 
suw-tooth like posterior edge* of tho nbdomlunl row of scale*. lie nailed 
"saw bellies, 1 ' or "eat thrasher*-," a plump, well shaped Individual he 
would call an "ulewlfo. " Dr Mlorer wu* misled by th« blue buck* of 
tho sentries* specimens. and described from thorn a nuw species, alum 
cyanonolon , or the blue back bIom. (Sou Proceedings of tho Iloston bo- 
city of Natural History, vol. 8 , p. 848). 
The species is qulto pozzlmi; In Ha protean variations, hut I* readily 
recognized by the shupo of tho lower angles of thu opercular uml sub- 
orbital bonus. (|uito a considerable number of specie* worn founded upon 
this ll*h by early naturullsts. and the synonymy Is still slightly confused. 
In the Provinces, Pamolobun imuilo luirtiigvt becomes the "Onapcreau;" 
in Nnrraanuseti Bay, ana ut tlio mouth of thu Connecticut ltlver. It In 
the "Buckle," Iu Southern New Kngluud It Is the "alewlfu," corrupted 
into "ollwifo," and on the Connecticut ttivor, In places, Into "ellwhop." 
In the Hudson It is sometimes willed "alowtfo," sometimes "herring," 
while further southward, iu thu Deluwnro and Potomac, It Is known en- 
tirely us the "herring, ’• tho nanm "nluwlfu" being monopolized by tlm 
menhaden. A long chapter might bo written on the local varialloiM In 
tho names of the American representative* of tho hprrlug family. 
(I. Biiown Uuodz. 
SUSPENDED ANIMATION IN FROZEN 
FISH. 
• Hudson, Now York, February IB, 1S7B 
Editou Fokkst and Stub am:— 
I notice in tho lust number of your Interesting paper an article headed 
“Suspended Animation by Freezing." 1 have scon such ilsh. In my 
youthful (lays I lived near a pond In Litchfield county, Conti., and many 
a line string of Ilsh I took from that pond by llslilng through the Ico with 
live bait. On n cloudy day (and I regarded cloudy days the hesi for 
flshing in Winter, a« well as in Summer), If tho weather wus so cold as 
to form Ice around tho line*, so as to necessitate breaking It away, 
often, tho flah. when cniigbl and loft on tho Ice, would freeze stiff In a 
few minutes, usually with their mouth uml gills closed, Such I often 
noticed would, even If apparently frozen through, revive if placed In 
cold water, after being frozen for several hours. If they do not freeze 
soon lifter being caught (or if tlio sun shines ou them much) I think 
they will not revive, and large flail 1 think will twar much more freezin ; 
than small ones aud live. I huve cut open pickerel lliul appeared to 
bo frozen through, and tho heart, ou being exposed to heat, would bent 
for a few moments quite rapidly. During my district school days, Sat- 
urdays were my days for Halting in tho Winter, and I oftou set my Hues 
Friday evening. If there wu* a prospect of thu weather being fnvorub e 
the next day to fish. In order to be ahead of others; for Unhormuii were 
usually all at tho pond very early, oven If living several miles away, each 
striving to he Ur*t at the best places on the pond for fishing; and If tho 
Ice wu* very thick, much lime aud labor would lie saved by using bolus 
recchtly cut Fish usually took tho bait best I 11 tlio morning (perhaps 
for the reason that those near the hooks would soon get ihluiiud outj 
Having no Old Probabilities to consult In those days, 1 often found tho 
weather Saturday morning not as favorable as I expected tlio evening 
previous. One Saturday morning 1 awoke disappointed by Ondiug 
ihe weather very cold. The wind blew und the »now How, but 1 bud set 
my lines the evening previous, and must need* go and tako them tip. 
(letting nn early breakfast, I was aoon away to the pond. On the Hr-t 
1 ne Hint I eul out I caught a four and 11 half pound pickerel, So large a 
fbsh was seldom caught in that pond, and It was big game for u youth of 
fourteen year*. Soon gutting cold, 1 went to a high rock on the shore 
and built u fire, leuvlng toy fi*b in tlio suow, where It remained several 
hours before I got my lines taken up, thawed, and was ready to »iart 
for home, u half smile away Arriving at home I put rnyblgHshln 
a tub of cold water to thaw sulHclcntly Uidres-, It being frozen apparent 
ly us solid us a piece of Ice. As soon as thawed It was as lively us be 
fore being caught. Yours trul y. W . Anvil. 
Waikuvillk. K. Y., February 10, 1873. 
Editou Kohkst and Stiusam :— 
Bending un article In No. 1, vol. 4, reminded 1110 of an incident of my 
boy bunting und dstilug excursions ut Taauton, Bristol county. Mass. 
In the February of IK!- "we boys" made an excursion to Prospect Hill 
Pond to flsb through the Ice. Next morning I turned out of bed csrly 
and got a tub und half filled It with water, In which 1 placed •" many 
of the flsli a* wore wanted for the family breakfast, to take the • frost ’ 
out of them. When I went to prepare them I called thu whole house- 
hold to see my Osh swimming about In the water in the tub I Now 1 
know those flsb were taken by our party, left on the Ice till they were 
frozen stiff, token home in ba-kcU wlih our traps and lines, and thawed 
out the next morning, a* narrated above, when they were llvoly Osh. The 
Ilsh we caught were white »nd red petfh and pickerel. R 9 . IS 
DEER ANP» DEE RS* HO R N§! 
Editor Forrst and Ntiikar:- 
I have seen sever, 0 articles In Focikst and Sthz > v concerning horn* 
upon dor*. They are mouatrosltlve. mid after the question l* mue -et- 
tleil (hat such things do occur, the public should ho •ailsOvd and piusQo 
the subject no further, mile** It be tn efforts to a-cennln the csuio. 
It 1 * the common belief that between the age* of two and six or seven 
yeius tile m de of the common dear (tVr i«< Finrlulanusl gain* one tliV. 
or point, ea. h year upon each of hi* horn* If tuts Id- a I* corn ct. worn 
Central New \ .>ik must have more than one variety of ileir an 1 lo»<-ly iu- 
seinbllng each other a* not to bo dl-tlug.ilshaMo, except by tho Intih* 
ted Six or right yean* -Dice* "spike horn" deer weighing one hnn- 
dnd aud ninety pounds, dres-vd. wa* kilted upon Pierce 1 * Lake, Hamil- 
ton county. N, Y . by a parly of which l wn« one l think so 1 <rgr a 
d-er must bo more than two your* of ace. 1 am Informed by guldra and 
resident* of that vicinity that largo "sptko horn" deer are nor v,-rv nn 
common At other time*, In tho sumo vicinity. I have killed d>or 
wvlgh'ug from one hundred and uurhiv to two hundred and ten pound#, 
dressed, having from three to the tinea, or point*, and each of them uaa 
culled large. 
1 know of two Instance* where dror were taken allvu and held In cap- 
tivity. In each of wh'ch tho deer, when token, had two tinea on each 
horn; the next year 0110 of them h»d tho same uumber (Iwohandthq 
other had one point, or a spike, ou one aide and two point* on the othr |C 
Both of these door wore In low rendition and closely confined whi(* 1 
Knew th in, My theory 'a. that thu *tzo anu number of point* of tho 
"head" of n mu' nro deer depends morn upon hi* eondlilxn uml thu 
abundance of food than upon his yoara, and thatp>rha-» a Hv<- year old 
would not hove more than four points. y«l the next year ho might bon 
"spike horn" and have but one point. 
Tills matter ho* often *iiggo»tcd Itself to me, and l have Sever been 
able 10 satisfy mysoif upon It Nome of our woodsmen a**> rt that «o 
have two varieties of the common dror, Iu Older to account for tlio occa 
atonal great *lzo of the spike horns. Manv of your render* are probably 
able to give some light ou the matter, and I believe you, Mr. Editor, 
clUtl Judge Cnton, of llllnol* as authority upou the doer que-llon. Will 
he nnt enlighten ns? I have seen heads with Ova point*; heard of 
thosu with six. Do large' bunds grow normally f Futuna. * 
PINE GROSBEAKS. 
■ ■ ». — — 
Milam, February 8, 1873, 
Editor Fonit«r and Stukam:— 
Tbu strange birds mentioned by "E. D,,"of Mootrcul, are, I should 
thtuk, the Pino U'Oitbcnka, one of eevurnl specie* of Northern vLliain*, 
driven this wny by "*tro*s of weather. " Tlio method of aepturing thsin, 
11 * per "K. 1 ) ." I* 0110 practiced with sucr e** rihoul here, th • turd* liv- 
ing very tame, and making. I um told, Intvre-tlug cage bin!-, having a 
very plciumit note, which they keep up nil day. Your*, Taat. 
Nai.bm, February IB. 1878. 
Editou FonasT ani> Stukam:— 
A live Huoclineu of the "Dabohlck" (PrxH/ym'iut pixltoe/v) was found 
n few day s ago In n barnyard at Davunport. It was qulto exhausted end 
tame, anil when plnrud In a tub It uagorlv caught aud devoured the uiln- 
nowa will .-h were placed lit thu water. Your*, Thai, 
CENTRAL PARK MENAGERIE. 
- ♦ 
Df-l'AItTMRNT OK Ptmt.lO Pouts, I 
Nnw Yoiik. Fob 81, 18TB f 
Animal* received ut Contra 1 Park Moungorio for U 10 week ending 
February BUlh, 1H7B:- 
Fonr Bine Jiiys, Cy inurn crltfnla, Presented by Mr. C. Hyan. 
One llurrlue (jnll, Ixirnt urgefotu*. Presumed by ilr. Robert Brow it. 
One hand bill Crane, Unit iMina>/«itjL 
Olio Lion. Born In the Menagerie. W, A. OoR&LlN- 
$[lie gientiel. 
KENTUCKY STATE TOURNAMENT. 
T HE llrNt annuttl bench allow and tournament' of tlio 
Kentucky Suite Sportsmen's AhnocIuIIoii, of which 
Mr. Robert A. Thornton, of Lcxiugion, Ivy., is President, 
takes place nr Parli, ICy. on the 18th, 10th, and 20ih of 
May next. For tlio bench allow Micro lire alx prlzea, of u 
silver goblut ettcli, for respectively thu beat seller dog, 
bitch, und puppy under twelve months old, and for tho 
beat pointer dog, bitch, und puppy nlao under twelve 
month*. In addition there In it champion prize, of it silver 
goblet, for the best setter or pointer. Bov on hundred und 
fifty dollar* in money, uml it club budge und gold medal, 
valued ut $100, will be dmtrilmlud in prize* (luring tlio 
tournament. 
HCAI.K OF POINT* OOVICUNINO UK NO If flffOW. 
1 S 1 
No. of | 
Entry. 
■a y 1 
3 
SZ 
iilit 
YM | U. -i 
lit 
”||| 
•XJ 
Is 
oz 
| * 
j 
to 10| 
0 5 1 7 5 
! 8 8 4 | 
IB j 
IB 1 
VI 
10 j 18 
~r! 
ID 1 
ID 1 
ill II 
B B 
~r< T 
B B 
— y-— 
13 
Tuiul. 
MW 
BULK* FOB BENCH BIIOW. 
Two judge* and 11 referee will be appointed on (he 
ground. 
Rule 1. Tho Judging will be done publicly, in the open 
arena— tho whole of eucli claw* to bo led out before the 
judge*. 
Rule 2. Each dog will be judged according to a table of 
point*, in hook form, printed for the purpose. Tnu luhlu 
being filled with the greatest number of poiip* will decide. 
Rule J. Any dog being notably deficient Iu any one of 
the columns of points will be 1 ejected by the Judge*. 
Rule 4. The exhibition for prizes will coinmuuce ut ton 
A. M., prompt. 
Uulb 5. All entries must be made by ton I*. M. on tho 
day previous to the display. 
flui.K (J AM dogs entered for the Bench Show nro re- 
quired • <> he on the grouuda by bulf prut nine A. M. of thu 
duy of exhibition. 
Wednesday Aktkhnoon, May 10th. — Ginas shooting, 10 
single bird*. Open to all members $200; final prize, cm.li, 
$100; second prize, cash, $00; third prize, tush, $25; 
fourth prize, cash, $15; entrance, $i0; twenty to fill. 
Tiipiihday, May 20th.— Clus* shooting, 5 double birds. 
$200; llrsl prize, cmdi, $125; second prize, canli, $;5; third 
prize, cash, $50; fourth prize, ctudi, $30; flfih prize, cash, 
$20; $10 entrance; thirty to till. 
Club match, four entries from each club; five double and 
five single birds. Prize, club budge; entrance. $i0 from 
each club Entrance fee to he paid but once for each 
budge. This badge to be retained by winning three auc- 
cessivc tinjefl, when i( becomes the winner’* property. 
