FOREST AND STREAM 
34 
trace of civilization, and were truly in the wilderness. 
After descending until about nine o'clock {thank goodness 
there was a moon), we came up with shouts and yells in 
front of a huge tree, under which were our huts, which 
we had ordered to he built. Here we found more Indian 
huntsmen, and u great many dugs; and the cook, who had 
gone up the day before, having expected us, we soon had 
dinner, and afterwards I felt so sleepy with my two days' 
exertions that I tumbled on to my mat, which my boy had 
arranged, and was soon fast asleep. The next morning 
(Monday) we were up bright and early, and having supped 
my cup of chocolate I strolled around to take a survey of 
the premises. The camp, as I said before, was situated 
under a largo tree, and looked very picturesque. There 
were three huts, with floors raised from the ground about 
two feet, and were made of bamboo. The floors were 
made of split bamboo, and were even and nice; In front 
of each hut was a table and benches, and running along- 
side of the camp was a pure mountain stream, the water 
of which was nice and cool. 
We were turned out early next morning by hearing the 
camp in a stir, to go on our second battue, and having hood 
polished off a substantial meal we started out and made 
for the billH on the other side of the valley. In Bosoboso 
I had hired a hoy about eighteen years old to go with me 
and do odd jobs, and I then had two hoys, ns of course I 
had brought my own ton. The new boy s name was Mar- 
solo, and a very bright fellow he was, loo, and had the ad- 
vantage of knowing the ground thoroughly. I made him 
always oarry my rifle, ana Alberto, my own boy, my shot 
gun. W<e formed a battue, and the others shot three deer, 
but I did not get a shot. We had several more battues, 
and I could not get a shot. When we were coming home 
we started a huge Hock of ducks right out of the woods. 
The next day wo were up early, and went to a different 
locality.* As I had had a good long sleep, I felt very much 
refreshed and in good condition, and, what is more, I felt 
almosciure I should kill something. We soon came to the 
ground, being a long valley between two ridges of moun- 
tains, and we all posted ourselves on one side, while the 
huntsmen and dogs bent in from the other. I went up the 
furthest of all, and took my position under a small scraggy 
tree which overlooked two ravines. My guide squatted 
down close to me holding my ritle in readiness. 1 gave 
him and my other boy a cigarette, and we had a delicious 
smoke. Soon I heard the guns tiring down below me, and 
could see the deer running in all directions, pursued by 
the dogs. I waited about an hour without moving, and 
was just going to clear out, disgusted, when I heard the 
hounds begin to hark just above me, anil I knew they 
never made any noise without reason, so I kept on fue 
alert. In my shot gun I hud one cartridge, containing 
eight buck shot, and in the other barrel a single bullet, 
while, of course, my rifle had a single bullet also. I soon 
heard a tremendous crashing, and the first thing I knew a 
huge buck came with a leap rij'ht across a little hill about 
seventy-five yards from me. I had plenty of time to see 
him well, and he was the largest buck I ever saw, even 
larger than the one I saw at Mu vitae last year. I wish you 
could have seen how beautiful he looked as he jumped 
along, every time with his head thrown up into the air, 
and his au tiers, which were very large, laid on his hack, 
uud his front feet doubled under hiui. I let tly with the 
buckshot first; hut he went on, and I then fired the bullet 
out of my shot gun, and he still wont on, and I grabbed 
the rifle from the guide's bands and fired at him just as he 
was going into the thicket; to my delight, down he came 
with a heavy thud to the ground, and 1 and my two hoys 
drew our knives and rushed down the hill shouting and 
yelling like mad. We came to the buck, lying on his side, 
and lie went for us with his horns; hut 1, having a good 
loug knite— a sword, more properly — soon put an end to 
him. It was the largest killed on the expedition, and 1 
received the greetings of my companions when I eume 
down the hill with the buck strapped on behind my saddle, 
llis horns now adorn in}’ room, ami the proudest tliiug for 
me was that out of the eight buckshot I fired live went , 
into his side in the right place; hut my rifle brought him 
down, the bullet breuking his thigh, ^ou know it is con- 
sidered the hardest thing in shooting to kill u deer on the 
jump with a siugle rifle bullet. 
The very next day 1 did the same thing again, hut under 
more exciting circumstances, for although ilie deer 1 tired 
at. was not so large as the one 1 have been telling you 
about, still it was a very pretty tliiug. Wo were all rest- 
ing at the foot of a hill, when we saw a deer goiug full tilt 
for the other side. To get a sliol at him it was necessary 
to run up the hill very last, and I started as it for riser life. 
Senor C. saw what 1 was up to, and he came after me. We 
liad a hard race up the hill, the others below all yelling at 
us, and the Indians particularly giving horrible whoops. 
My flesh told against me, uml C. got to the top about fif- 
teen yards ahead of me, and was just in lime to get a beau- 
tiful cross shot, he firing three barrels, one after the other, 
hut to my surprise he did not hit it. I then jumped a little 
to one side, and, although the deer was a long way off from 
me, fired both barrels, hitting him slightly. I then took 
my rifle, uud brought him down heaulitully, wiping (/us eye. 
of Sonor C. 
We thus went on shooting day after (lay, and I am glad 
to say that six fell to my gun alone. The most remarkable 
thing that I saw was one day when we were hunting in 
Luuatin, the next 7ulley to ours, across the mountain. I 
was stationed on a tremendous ridge on one side of which 
the woods came right to the top, uud ou the other was u 
steep precipice some live or six hundred feet deep. 1 
heard the dogs coming towards me iu the woods, and 
rushed to the place where I thought the deer would come 
out. A large doe broke eover, uud came right for me with 
five or six dogs after her. 1 did uol dare to fire, for fear 
of killing the dogs, and when she was within twenty feet 
or mu I jumped up aud yelled to turn her off, aud as she 
turned 1 let her have one barrel, and so instantaneously did 
it kill her that as her front feet touched the ground her 
bind ones went right over, causing her to turn a complete 
somersault iu the air; she tell right over the precipice, 
where we got her afterwards. 
This vuliey is ou the Pacific coast, so that you see we 
reached the other side of the island. This place we also 
louud to he very picturesque, and the stream which runs 
through the valley is said iu contain a great quantity of 
gold. In this place we found lots of tiles, aud could nut 
think how they came llu-re, until afterwards we heard that 
the Jesuits had an establishment there, which they gave up 
one hundred years ago. Their principal object was gold. 
We found their old road, which led to Bosoboso, hut it 
was iu u bad slate. 
On this expedition I saw one thing whiMi I never be- 
lieved, although I have read of it often. Ono morning, 
when I was on my station for deer, I wanted a smoke, ami 
asked the boy if he had any matches, and he said that he 
had forgotten them. As we were far from the others, he 
.said lie would get some fire. He drew out his knife and 
cut down a dry bamboo. He then cut off a piece about a 
foot long, just between two joints, and split it. Then he 
mnde a slit in the top part of this, and cut a small notch 
across it. You understand that the slit I speak of went 
through the wood und the notch nearly so. He then cut 
another piece, being flat and long, and pickiug up some 
dry leaves put them under the notch and slit, und got me 
to'hold the bamboo at each end firmly on the ground, and 
taking the second piece of wood put the edge into the 
notch and began to saw away, first slowly, und then, os 
soon as it begun to smoke, rapidly. After about five sec- 
onds lie stopped, and I was much surprised to see some 
little scrapiugs of wood all iu a glow. The boy then 
picked up u small stick and poked this little coal through 
(he crack in the hnmboo, and lifting this latter up 1 f ound 
the tiuder on lire aud got a light. I filed this myself, and 
louud it quite easy; so if any ever doubts a person’s being 
being able to get lire from rubbing two sticks together, tell 
them, with my compliments, that I have done it myself. 
While in the mountains we met a family of real savages, 
who afterwards came and lived ul our camp. They have 
no horses, but live like wild beasts, in the woods. 
I enjoyed the expedition very much, and feel better for 
it, Iu nil, we killed eighty -sevea deer and hour, several of 
which, of course, were killed by the dogs. One of our 
party also killed a wild eat, whose skin I now use for a 
rug. I have only given you a very rough account of our 
expedition, a.9, being mail day, I am very busy, hut thought 
Unit cveu a hurried sketch might interest you. H. 
ACROSS NEWFOUNDLAND. 
IXTEIUOIl EXPLORATIONS— FLORA, FAUNA, AND GEOLOGI- 
CAL FORMATION. 
[Continued from February 18f/i.] 
CHAPTER IX. 
S T. GEORGE'S HARBOR, although barred, may be 
euiered by vessels of any burthen. There is no other 
ship harbor between Cape Ray and Port au Port; hut there 
Is good anchorage in the roadsteud between Cod Hoy Island 
and the main Island near Cape Anguilie. None of the 
other harboi'S can be entered even by smull crufts when 
the wind blows strong weslwardly. 
November 10f/(. — Being now much recovered by the vari- 
ous attentions at St. George’s Harbor, during my slay of ten 
days, I set out on foot to the soulhward along the sea shore, 
accompanied by two of llie young Jersey residents, in 
hopes, by walking and boating, to reach Fortune Bay, a 
distance of upwurds of two hundred miles, before all the 
vessels for the season had sailed for Europe. We slept, as 
intended, in a deserted salmon fisher’s hut on the shore, 
being unable to reach any habitation. 
November 1 r ith . — We forded the mouths of several minor 
streams, and that of (lie North of third Burusway River, it 
having no harbor as its estuary. In the evening reached 
the second Barasway River, a distance of twenty four 
miles from St. George’s Harbor, and where reside the near- 
est inhabitants. Our walk all (lie way was on a sandy 
rocky beach at the bottom of cliffs washed by the sen. The 
cliffs are formed chiefly of red sand-stone, red ochre, blue 
clay, and gypsmn, sixty or seveiny feel and upwards iu 
height, with a deep bed of red alluvial eurlli everywhere 
super-imposed. The gypsum is of the compact kiuil, with 
hard nodules throughout; the beds extend into the sen, in 
which stand water-worn projections, sometimes of gro- 
tesque forms. A few miles North of the Barasway River 
there is a vertical stratum of a dark green colored rock 
resembling verdc antique , running through the gypsum 
deposit, owing to the great hard ness and durability of 
which its entering resembles a wall running into the sea. 
Gypsum also abouuds inland; at llie Rattling Brook, Flat 
Buy River, &c. 
in the immediate vicinity of the Barasway rivers, as well 
os elsewhere iu St. George’s Buy, there are both sulphur- 
ous und saline springs. One of the former, strongly satur- 
ated, occurs near the sea shore about a mile North of the 
second Barasway River. Of the saline springs, one is sit- 
uated about two miles up the second Barasway, another up 
the Rattling Brook, and a third is said lo Be on the neck 
of land at Port uu Port, westward of Fall JuViuiit. Coal of 
excellent quality lies exposed in strata in the bed and 
banks of a rivulet between the first and second Barasway 
rivers, about seven and nine miles from its mouth. The 
harbor at the mouth of the second Barasway' River, ns well 
as that of the first, is burred, liuving only eight or nine 
feet of water ou llie bows at high tides. The vicinity of 
ihe Barasway rivers, as of all the river courses iu New- 
foundland, is an interesting and untrodden field for the 
geologist, and tor the naturalist generally. The inhabi- 
tants at the Barasway Rivers were now in their Winter 
houses under the shelter ut the woods, having recently left 
tlieir Summer residences at the shore. Like the people at 
St. George’s Harbor, they are industrious uml frugal; the 
extent of their salmon fishery and furring has been already 
noticed. The following animals are entrapped and shot 
here for their furs; — Martens, l'oxes, otters, heaves, musk 
rats, bears, wolves, and hares. Ermines are numerous. 
The coast southward from hence to Cod Roy, a distance of 
upwards ot thirty miles, und were ihe nearest inhabitants 
iu that direction were, was too rugged and hold to admit or 
our walking along the shore, aud on November 19th, the 
weather proving favorable, two young men launched forth 
with me in a small skiff to row and sail close along the 
shore, as wind uud wcullier might permit. 
November 20l/i, 21st, tuid 22d.— While passing in about, 
the formation only ol the coast could he viewed, not ex- 
amined. Between the South Barasway River nod Cod* 
Roy the coast is a continued range of cliffs, along which 
there is neither harbor nor shelter of any kind for even a 
boat. A light skiff or punt is therefore the safest mode of 
conveyance utong this horrific coast in the inclement seasou 
of the year; for here and there between the cliff there is a 
ravine well known to the inhabitants, at which, although 
far apart iu the eveut of being overtaken by had 
weather, a skiff can run ashore, aud the crew ut the sume 
iusluul jumping out, haul her up beyond the reach of the 
surf. This wc were forced to do several times, and to 
cumber to the top of the cliffs uni il the weather moderated 
Tlio cliffs to within three miles North of Gape Anguilie 
are formed chiefly of old, red, and variegated saudstone 
and sandstone of the coal formation. Then, at u narrow 
opening called Snake’s Bight, another formation succeeds, 
und from theuce southward to Cape Anguilie the coast is 
principally formed of dark bluish stratified rocks, with an 
inclination of about thirty degreess. Beds of narrow strum 
of a red rock, presenting a series of stripes to the sea, alter- 
nate. 
November 23 d . — We doubled Cape Anguilie and reached 
Cod Roy. Owing to the shelter and anchorage for ship, 
ping at Cod Roy, and to its immediate proximity to th c 
fine fishing grounds about Cape Ray, it is the central point, 
of the French fisheries in Summer. 
November 28th . — Having awaited et Cod Roy five days in 
vain for an abatement of the strong northwest wind to per- 
mit of our putting to sea iu a skiff, I set out on foot lo the 
southward by tiie sea shore. Great God Roy River is 
about six miles South of Cod Itoy Island. Coal is found 
on the South bank six or seven miles from the sea. The 
chief attraction for llie Indian here is the abundance of 
eels and trout. From Cod Roy River lo Cape Ray it pre- 
sents downs lo the sea. The downs near the seashore are 
ruised iuto hillocks, and in the rear they are level. 
November 2\)th. — Cape Ray. — Having slept the previous 
night iu the Winter house of one of the families at Little 
Cod Hoy River, we to-day walked round Cape Ray, here 
leaving llie French Shore and entering upon American 
Newfoundland, fir that "division of the coast on which the 
Americans have a right of fishing and drying their fish. 
Ou the shore North of Cape Ray lay several wrecks of 
ships and their cargo of timber. On the very Cape there 
resides during Summer a person of the name of Win. 
Windsor, with his family. We found him in liis Winter 
hut in a spruce wood two or three miles. to the eastward of 
the Cape. He wore no covering on his head, even when 
exposed to the inclement weather — Nature, aided doubt- 
less by habit, providing him an extraordinary mat of liair 
as she does the inferior animals here with fur. The high 
lands of Cape Ray lie several miles inland, north-east of 
the Cape, and consist of a group of granite mountains 
seemingly about two thousand feet in height. The scenery 
among them is sublime; the steep sides of the wedge- 
shaped valleys appear smooth and striped at a distance, 
owing to the crumbled rocks uud blocks detatclied by frost 
being hurled from llie very summits to the bottom, where 
they lie in heaps of ruins. I had relunctantly to behold 
only the treasures laid open to the mineralogist. Snow 
and ice he iu beds on these mountains all the Summer. 
The vicinity of Cape Ray is remarkable for great numbers 
of foxes, induced here by the abundance of their chief food, 
viz., the berries of the vnevirum, or partridge berry, and 
that of the vaccinium, or hurtle berry. We were several 
days slot in stayed by wind and snow, and the inefficiency 
of the ice to hear us across the rivulets, at a boat harbor 
called the Barasway, six or seven miles East of the Cape. 
The person in whose Wiutcr house we here stopped, his 
Summer residence being .it Port uu Basque at the eastward, 
had now entrapped and shot about eighty foxes, black, 
silver gray, patch, and red, in less than two months; all 
those colors are produced at one litter. The foxes are 
mostly caught in irou spring traps, artfully concealed (not. 
bailed) in the pathways along the seashore. It may he no- 
ticed that oil the West coast of Newfoundland, there is 
neither Scotchman, Irishman, nor rat lo he met with; nor, 
it is said, has any member of these European families 
taken up an abode West of Fortune Bay. 
The residents here, as at St. George’s Bay, and at most 
of llie North and West harbors of tile Island, have both 
Summer and Winter houses. They retire to the residences nr 
huts in the woods in Winter, for facility of firewood und shel- 
ter; the labor attending the conveyance of fuel to their Sum- 
Summer residences at the shore, which are exposed to every 
inclemency of the weather, being very great. They some- 
times remove to a distance of thirty miles and even farther, 
to the sequestered woods at the heads of hays and harbors, 
and on the hanks of rivers, taking with them their boats, 
furniture, and provisions, and ic appear at the const in the 
month of April. The habits and imperative performances 
of the heaver for preservation of self and kind, are at least 
equally perfect with those of the European' settlers or In. 
iliuiis on the coast. Each have their Summer and Winter 
abodes, and respectively provide for their retirement, &c. 
Sea fowl and birds of passage resort to the Southwest coast 
in great numbers in the Fail of the year; and during that 
season, as well as in Winter, constitute a considerable por- 
tion of the provisions of the inhabitants. The dogs here 
are admirably trained as retrievers in fowling, and are 
otherwise useful. The smooth or-short lmired dug is pre- 
ferred, because in frosty weather the long haired kind be- 
come encumbered with ice upon coming out ol the water. 
They are fed on fish, purposely cured for them. The Loup 
Center, a common animal iu all the adjacent countries, is 
not considered to be a native of Newfoundland, although 
one was caught last year in LaPoile Bay, and another 
killed in the same neighborhood a few years ago. In 
these instances it is probable that the animals have either 
crossed or been blown over upon the ice from some of the 
neighboring countries. Neither squirrel, porcupine, or 
raccoon have been met with on the Island. Penguins were 
one* numerous at this coast, their breeding place having 
been the Penguin Islands, about fifteen miles Northeast 
from Kameo Islands. They have been extirpated by man, 
node having been seen for some years past. 
December \4th . — The coast was now everywhere clail in 
its while Winter mantle, and most of the birds of passage 
had left the shores for a more genial climate. Having 
spent the night at Rameo Islands, we set sail eastward, 
entering now upon the British Newfoundland coast. 
December lOf/i. — Having been wind-bound one day in 
Richard’s Harbor, u favoring breeze now carries us to the 
Bay of Despair. 1 learned with satisfaction that the last 
ship for England this seasou from this const was lo sail 
within a few days. 
Here ended a four months' excursion of toil, pleasure, 
paiu, and anxiety, succeeded by the delight of being again 
restored to society, which was enjoyed with the gentlemen 
und families of the mercantile establishments at the Bay of 
Despair and Fortune Bay. 
It was impossible to reach St. John’s, and I took pass- 
age at Little Buy, iu Fortune, by the ship “Duck," sailing 
on the 28th December, uud arrived iu Dartmouth, in Eng- 
land, on the lUlh February, 1823. 
THE END. 
