forest and stream 
ti 
gh Metmcl. 
THE ORIGIN OF THE DOMESTIC DOG. 
T HERE appears to be a wide difference of opinion 
among nuturalists as to the stock from which our 
dogs of the present day came. Some have it the wolf, 
others the Jackal, or fox, while not a few claim that the 
dhole, or wild dog of India, is tho'source from which sprang 
all the varieties. In our opinion it can not bo declared 
with any degree of certainty what the parent stock was. 
Certain It is that to no one animal can the paternity of 
these useful races be credited, a9 they aro so widely dif- 
ferent In form, color and other characteristics, and man 
could never have developed and brought together such vast 
dilfcrcncos, opposite natures and shapes ns can daily be 
6een in domestic dogs, unless the original species were in 
possession of the rudiments. Neither could food, climate, or 
any contrivance whatever so completely alter the nature, 
docreuso the scenting powers, render the coat sliort.'long, 
or curly, lengthen or shorten the limbs, ^unless ^separate 
types had furnished the material. 
Ancient has relief and monumental delineations, picture 
the dog as distinct in its characteristics thousands of years 
ago as at the present day, and fossil remains have been 
repeatedly discovered so little resembling either the wolf, 
jackal, or fox. and so different in type, as to be classified 
with the spaniel, terrier, hound, bull dog, turnsput, pointer 
and pug; and as theso, or a part of them, we know to be 
made dogs, or iu other words hybrids, the species must 
have been fully as numerous then as at the present time. 
There are numerous Bpecics of wild dogs differing from 
one another almost ns inuuh as our own domestic animals 
of to day. Granting that the spaniel, grayhouud, and ter- 
rier, sprung originally from the wolf as some argue, why 
not point out first why the male dogs are so dissimilar? 
and again, why the wolves of different countries are unlike, 
and which speciesjof wolf Is the true and ouly one? With- 
out wishing to conflict with the opinions of those so ranch 
more lenrned on the subject than ourselves, we would ask, 
would it not be much more reasonable to suppose, without 
positive proof, that the origin of Iho domestic dog can be 
referred to numerous aboriginal species, crossing with the 
wild varieties, ns we know our dogs will frequently do, in- 
cluding the wolf, jackal, and the fox if we like; climate 
assisting and man aiding by judicious intermixing and 
breeding, until the present high standard of this useful ani- 
mal lias been reached? 
The Indian dogs may be traced to the prairie wolf, and 
In Asia the native domesticated dog to the jungle dog. 
Whatever may have been the originals of the partly tamed 
canines of the nborigines of the different sections of the 
globe, it is probable that the primitive dog, like other ani- 
mals, was very different from any of the prescut races. 
THE WHIP IN BREAKING. 
Boston, Mass., February, 1875. 
Editor Forest and Stream:— 
The quesiions most frequently asked me by parties wlio 
come to visit my kennel are, “How do you make your dogs 
mind you t" and when I answer that I scarcely use the 
whip at all, the reply is uniformly, “Well, 1 cannot see 
how you manage without it." This is iust the mistake 
(and It is a great one) which many breakers make, espe- 
cially if they are amateurs of but little experience. They 
6eem to think that the only way to get an idea into u dog's 
mind is to whip it in, just as the old time pedagogues con- 
sidered the birch the best meutal slimulaut on the royal 
road to knowledge. Years ago I was no wiser than the 
rest; but fortunately both for myself and my dogs, I soon 
learned that the whip was my worst enemy. While I used 
it 1 never had a well broken dog, and more than this, I 
can say that I have nover seen one thus trained which was 
not cither cowed in spirit, or made a sulky, negligent 
worker. The great secret of perfect breaking is to teach 
the dog that you are his master, and at the 6ame time to so 
stimulate both his love for sport and his love for yourself 
that whether In or out of the field he is constantly studying 
your wants, and finding his greatest pleasure in ministering 
to them. A breuker need never expect to bring out a dog’s 
full capacity for good work if, instead of awakeniug his 
syraputliy, lie unreasonably and unmercifully thrashes him 
lor every irivial lault, upou the principle of “showing him 
who is master." Yet 6o tenacious ure some men ot their 
dignity tliut they assert it by lashing their dogs, and so aro 
Served, if served ut all, with the heartless work of a slave, 
lather than the cheerful servlco of a sympathizing friend. 
Col. llutchinso-i, in his able treatise on breaking, strongly 
recommends the use of the check cord, and though satisfied 
that as a whole his system is much more complicated than it 
should be, years since I learned to agree with him fully in 
his opinion of the cord, and consider it now, with its dif- 
ferent methods of application, by long odds more conve- 
nient and effectual than the whip, either to ussert or main- 
tain control of even the most wilful animal. Time and 
6puce will not permit me to describe here how the cord 
should be used. Some of your correspondents have al- 
ready written at length upon this subject; yet all of them 
have passed over many, indeed, most of the chief uses to 
which this agent may be put. I do not, therefore, intend 
to institute auv extensive comparison between the cord 
and whip, but to 6how briefly why I object to the latter in 
bicaking, when I consider Its use necessary, and the mau- 
ner in which 1 work my dogs so as to avoid it us much us 
possible, 
1 object to the whip because at best there are few men 
cool enough to use it properly. It is too bandy, and iu a 
moment oi pam-lon the pup is so severely punished that in- 
stead of understanding that he has done wrong, he becomes 
frightened by Uie pain and the violent manner of his inns 
ter, attempts to escape, and if successful is often ever after 
a confirmed runaway. Again, I urn satisfied that it effects 
nulling which the cord will not do better aud without any 
dinger. I have seen many naturally fine youug dogs ut- 
PEDIGREE OF FIFLD TRIAL SFTTER DOG, PARIS. 
i in,,.. il» ki-nneU uf It LL. Pnrccll Llcwellln. E-a.. of Wlllesley Hall. Ashby-dc-ln-aoucli, Lot- 
, VA T. 7r,ti»S°£d V 'ZSES by m L 11 Ub. Mramlo? Outado, Coaoda Pmle ie o%n broll.er lo Mr. Brno..-. Maude. Maud* 
T.-nn". d^abow. October 1604; l»t prl/.e lor beat seller puppy; aleo extra prize lor the best dog... tw How 
TAItlS, WHELPED MAY 6TH, 1674. 
3 S?S o § 
gg|il3 
5 
E'r 1 &“■< 5 a£,»5 ? » Mg,£ 3®? s *? 5"? Ere e..”* = 
co.c'*. — 
%% ' £■?=-=” 
1 H*Ov- ETC 
tr^=l!i§jk!o£ 
sr« ? £ s 5 
i-e’t- HU lllsflllss? 
' o c/3 
TT ® S3 
2 i O 
N 
M 
C3_, 
c 
o 
o 
C/3 
H 
re pi 
V* 
Pi 
M3 
If 
» 
> 
■/ 
o 
o • 
< 
~*T : 
O rej 
o m 
O to 
. • • o o 
o SJ 
o ■ 
; 3 s 
£ s 
» Pi 
> c 
to > 
> \ 
terly ruined by a single injudicious thrashing, and I have 
yet to note the first case where the cord has done barm, 
even in the hands of a clumsy operator. 
After a dog has been thoroughly broken, then the whip 
enu be used to advantage in certain cases. In all instances 
of evidently wilful disobedience I use the lash, and smartly 
too, (since one good flogging is fur moro effectual than, 
and saves a dozen slight ones.) At the same time I watch 
my dog critically, and never allow castigation to go be- 
yond the limit of reasonable punishment, lest I awaken an 
angry, obstinate resistance to my will, that either induces 
sullenness or develops a sly cunning by which the dog tries 
to get his own way the moment he is at liberty. Before I 
let the dog go I talk to him, but more in the tone of warn- 
ing than reproof, and finally send him off with a gravely 
spoken caution, and as soon as I see that he is trying to 
make up for his fault bv good work, I encourage him by a 
pleasant, cheerful word that places us again upon our 
ordinary sympathetic basis. 
I never go into the field with a broken dog without hav- 
ing my whip in my pocket, since, as 1 have said, circum- 
stances may arise where it is really needed, but I fre- 
quently avoid its use for an entire season by what I deem 
only proper vigilance. By this I mean watching my dog 
carefully at all times, never taking my eve off of him if it 
can be avoided. By such watchfulness I can tell the mo- 
ment when he strikes a trail, and if he appears in the least 
careless or excited, I can by a word check him and prevent 
the commission of a graver fault deserving the lash. This 
gives me the most perfect control over my dog, since he 
soon learns that he is constantly under my eye, and that 
the slightest fault will be instantly detected ; nor is such 
supervision difficult, as by practice it has become so habit- 
ual as lo be almost involuntary, and besides the advantage 
it is to me in bundling the dog, it keeps me constantly on 
the alert, and prevents my being surprised by a wild bird 
rising unexpectedly and escaping unshot at. 
I have always fouud myself well repaid by treating my 
dogs like reasoning and reasonable beings. I cannot pre- 
tend to say to what extent their perception or appreciative 
faculties go, but I know that with animals of a high order 
I cau appeal to them by exhibitions of feeling far more 
effectually than lean by severity. I never punish a dog 
for a blunder; the best will sometimes commit mistakes -, 
and I have yet to see the broken dog that does not recog- 
nize his error as soon as I do myself. In such cases I 
simply say a word of warning quietly, yet gravely, as I 
would speak to a person, and I fiud that the clog goes oft 
with an air of mortification which lie does not lose till by 
careful work he finds and points his bird; then us lie brings 
it dead to my baud his mauuer indicates clearly that he ex- 
pects me to lie pleased with him, au appeal that I never ul- 
low to pass ungratitied by both a word of commendation 
and a look of approval, and in a short time the dog learns 
to study my face, and respond to a smile or a frown with a 
joyous or dejected air, that betrays a mental condition 
working as effectually in my interest as the severest appli- 
cation of the whip reposing idly in my pocket. Druid. 
CANINE RAILWAY FARES. 
Shakopee, Minn., Feb. 2, 1875. 
Editor Forest and Stream-.— 
Iu your issue of the 7lh of January honorable mention 
is made of the officers and employes of the Missouri, 
Kansas and Texas Railways, aud they are very favorably 
compared to other companies whose utter lack of attention 
or regard for the sportsman and his dogs have earned for 
our railway, as a general thing, an unfavorable opinion, to 
say the least, abroad; while among our American sports- 
men a feeling savoring very much of deep disgust towards 
those who are guilty of this lack of accommodation and 
civility ic becoming yearly more apparent. But, as I can 
gladly testify, there is one company hereaway that will ap- 
proach the stnndurd of decency aud respect that you have 
unnuimously voted to the Missouri, Kansas and Texas Rail- 
way, ard whose officers and employes like unto them are 
more or less attaclud to those pastimes where the dog and 
gun ure prominent, that is the St. Paul aud Sioux City 
Railway Company. Iu fact, I have reason to believe that 
nearly, if not quite all, the companies whoso railroads 
centre in St. Paul and Mankato are great inspectors of 
hunting dogs, and whose employes on the trains generally 
look upou the owners of such animals as just about O. K. 
We are very glad to learn these facts, and hope that the 
reform already initiated will become general. Our eastern 
roads will do well to fall into line a‘ once. The tariff sys- 
tem for dogs, so recently adopted by the Missouri, Kansas 
aud Texas Railway, should be adopted everywhere with 
rates to correspond. A uniform charge of one cent per 
mile for carriage is not excessive, but the rates already 
adopted are somewhat less, as will be seen.— Ed. 
— It is now said that hydrophobia can be cured iu this 
way :— “The bite must be bathed as soon as possible with 
warm vinegar and water, and when this has dried, a few' 
drops of muriatic acid poured upon the wound will destroy 
the poison of the saliva, and relieve the patient from all 
present or future danger. 

W aw ayan da.— In Forest AND Stkeam of Dec 24th, W. P. Ansoniu 
neks where he can procure a setter (log. If he will write to A. Hughes, 
No. 20 Nassau street, N Y., ho will hear of one that is considered very 
good, and for sale at a fair price — 860. 
S. L. Savillb. 108 Wall streat. Room 5, has bluck and tan fox hound 
dog; would like to flail some one with opposite sex desiring good dog to 
breed. 
Aus— Address "Peter," care of J. L. Northrop, Newton, 
New Jersey. 
Miss E. A. T. W., Saratoga Springs.— I wish to know if you could 
tell mo of any person from whom I could procure a Maltese dog; also 
the usual price of 6iich u dog? 
Aus— VVc have no knowledge of such a description of 
dog in this country. 
S. E. P., Cleveland, Ohio.— Is across from setter to spaniel good 
for hunting, or are they lluble to be wild? 
Ans — Such a cross would uot be equal to a setter for 
auy purpose; they would be serviceable for rabbits or 
squirrels, and could be made good duck retrievers. 
Q.C., Philadelphia.— Please give me your advice in selecting a dog, 
whether a setter or pointer? Which is the kinder, neuter about tho 
house und yard, more gentle with children, and more retentive of what 
is taught? Also, would you advise a dog or slut ? 
Ans— 1st. The setter is generally a neater aud kinder dog 
about the house. The pointer retains his breaking longer, 
and is generally the most steady when hunted but seldom. 
2d. A dog, by all means, unless you want to breed stock. 
The Pike. — A writer referring to this voracious fish, 
says: — 
“The pike is undoubtedly the longcst-knowu and most 
widely-diffused fish in the world. It inhabits the inland 
waters of all northern countries. It was a favorite fish in 
the days of the Roman Empire, and has been eaten iu Ger- 
many aud Poland from time immemorial. It is known to 
live to a very great age. Rzacznslii, a Russian writer, says 
that lie knew of a pike that lived to the age of ninety years. 
One was taken iu a lake in Suubia, Germany, iu 1479, hav- 
ing a ring attached, on which an inscription mentioned 
that the fish was placed in that water in 1280, making its 
age 199 years. It weighed three hundred aud fifty pounds. 
This riug is still preserved at Mannheim In seining a 
pond near Newport, England, one was taken weighing a 
hundred and seventy pounds. Iu Persia they are also said 
to grow to a great age and size.” 
—This is the way a colored preacher at Richmond ar- 
ranged his hearers for mutual convenience: “De fore part 
ob de church will please sit ddwu so de hind part ob de 
church can sec the fore part, for de hind part can’t see 
de fore part ef de fore part persist in stallin’ before de 
hind purl to de utter exclusion of de hind part by de fore 
part.” 
