140 
FOREST AND STREAM 
t ) carry them even across the southern berder into tl c 
neighboring kingdom. 
Like curling, or the Highland games, of whleh wo re- 
cently wrote, golf is made venerable by Us antiquity. Its 
name is derived from the club with which it Is played, 
Herman kolbe, Dutch kolf, and for that reason some writers 
have been inclined to attribute to it a continental origin, 
and an introduction into Scotland at u very early dale' 
which history does not more exactly define. Investigations 
in a different direction, however, lead to a very different 
result, which has the merit of confining the birth of the 
game to the land where it grew and flourished. 
The game of “shinny," or “shinty," is all but universally 
known among juveniles. It is known in Scotland under a 
variety of names, including the two just mentioned, and a 
multitude of others, such as “hurling," “hummy,” “enr- 
r * , • "handy"— a name imported from Ireland— and 
others. I his game was known to the Scottish Highlanders 
as r.ltj ich-bhal or camanachd, nud was conducted on the same 
•Principles as those which govern it to day. The hall which 
in Argyllshire was made of wood, and in Badonoch of 
hard and firmly twisted hair, was driven by the opposing 
parties to opposite goals. 
At the same time another game called duich-dhesog 
flourished among the Highlanders, and though it is some- 
what simpler in form, seems directly suggestive of the 
Lowland golf. The contest lay between two or more who 
with clubs, struck a small hard ball, the object being alter- 
native, vi/ : either to decide who could reach a certain 
distant spot, or who could put tile ball into a hole with the 
fewest strikes. 
It would appear, therefore, that the Highland r’utch-blial 
nnd rhuchdhcsog are simply the originals of the Lowland 
shinty and golf To give the latter, therefore, a continental 
origin, it would be necessary to assume its introduction 
first into the lowlands of Scotland, and its subsequent 
adoption by the Celtic population of the north. This sup- 
position, of itself an improbability, seems to be entirely 
disposed of, when the fact already mentioned is borne in 
mind, iluit the form in which the £Hin** is known to huvo 
existed in the Highlands is more primitively simple than 
that in which it is first met with in the Lowlands 
When golf first became prevalent as a pastime in Scot- 
land is uncertain, hut it was played by all classes as early 
as the reign of James I Historical mention is made of It. 
in connection with Chatles I, who knew the game nnd 
practised it, nnd on his visit to .Scotland in 1641 was play- 
ing it oil Leith Links, when news was brought to him of 
the outbreak of the rebellion in Ireland. 
Golf requires considerable space for its practice, nnd is 
commonly played on grassy downs, which, in Scotland go 
under the name of “links." Those of Musselburgh and 
St. Andrews are the best known in connection with the 
, An unbroken tract is less desirable in the eyes of a 
skillful plnye r , who prefers the additional zest which some 
natural irregularity gives the game by adding to its diffi- 
culty. A sandy break in the surface o? the links a series 
of sharp irregularities of surface, even a “clump of whins ” 
anything in short which requires skill to avoid, or which 
might prove a pitfall to an opponent, i? to be classed among 
the recommendations of the ground. They break Die 
monotony of the game, and, when taking the most desir- 
able form of only an occasional obstruction, give a keener 
edge to the excitement of competition. 
The ground being chosen, a series of small boles, almost 
four inches m diameter and of any depth, are made at dis 
Mnces from each other of about four or five hundred yards 
The distances, however, nnd location must be decid'ed by 
t ie character, size, shape nnd general nature of the ground. 
1 lie general rule for their arrangement is to make them as 
n j nrly equi distant as possible, and in such positions that 
in going from one to the other, the players may make the 
circuit of the ground technically known as a “round " 
The only implements used are the clubs and balls. The 
latter, which were formerly very commonly made of 
boiled feathers pressed hard into a leather cover, are now 
made of gutla porcha moulded round and slightly ribbed 
so as to present an nueven surface. They arc, on an esti- 
mate, from 14 iu. to 1| in. in diameter. The clubs are 
rather more dillicult of description. A complete set con- 
sists of six clubs which differ in shape, nnd are used in the 
different contingencies of the game. They are the play- 
c ub or (Inver the putter, the spoon, the sand-iron, the 
cleek, and track-iron. 
The play-club may lie taken for description. The head 
and shaft are made separately, and warped together with 
twine. The latter is generally of lancewood or hickory 
ami is tapered down towards where it joins the head to 
such an extent as to give.it suppleness, the upper end is 
covered with leather, to increase the firmuess of the 
players hold. 1 he head is made flat on the bottom, und 
ou the lower front edge is faced with a smnll inserted plate 
of bone. It is hollowed, and lead is poured in from the 
back to give it the requisite weight. The front, which is 
brought in contact wuh the ball, is made very nearly but 
not quite perpendicular, and projects slightly towards the 
lower edge. The object is to make the driver such that it 
will h.t the ball without “skying" it. In the case of the 
spoon, which is used for lifting the ball out of a hollow 
or over a hillock immediately before the player, the pro- 
tubcrance on the lower part of the front of the head is 
much greater. Ihe putter, again, which is only used near 
the hole, is more perpendicular, and is shorter and stiffor 
in the shaft. The remaining clubs, the cleek and irons, 
are used when the ball has been driveu among sand or off 
1C V'm' J h - e ch ?'. c( ! of , lhem *» guided by ihe nature of 
the difficulty in which the player finds himself. 
The game may be played by two or four. In the former 
case each player has a hall, in the latter two are ranged on 
each side and play alternately at the same ball. At starling 
each player is careful about having his ball properlv 
“teed,” that is having it placed on a small pile of suud or 
slight protuberance of the ground, in ouch a way that’ lie 
can get a fair uud clean leading stroke. He stauds with 
legs apart, and after warning all and sundry who may be 
iu the track lie means to follow, by a loud shout which 
sounds like fore, and carefully measuring his stroke lie 
plays the first shot. Drives are occasionally made to a’dis- 
tance of two hundred yards, nud, occasionaly, also, the 
novice, instead of striking the ball, digs into Ihe turf and 
has the satisfaction of seeing the head of his ciub describ- 
ing the very parabola which he expected his ball to make 
Presuming the competitors to set away without any m£ 
hap, they must after the leading stroke, each strike the 
ball as it l>es, and the object is to reach the next hole iS the 
fewest possible shots. It seems at first sight that there is a 
great deal of walking, which is but poorly rewarded by an 
occasional stroke at a white gutta perch a ball, but the game 
is pre-eminently one which cannot be judged until it is 
played. There is a great deal of nice judgment required, 
and in the shorter shots near the hole, there is a rapidly re- 
curring cause of excitement, in the strife for the “hole,” 
which foreshadows the greater one for the “round" or the 
game. 
Golf is possibly the best game in Ihe world for a middle- 
aged man, or one desirous of finding a relish for mild ex 
ercise. There is nothing violent about it, and skill is always 
better than strength, even lor a long “drive.” Those who 
play it say that it possesses a growing power of fascination, 
nnd in weather when hand exercise is precluded by the 
beat, a game of this kind, if once introduced, would be a 
boon to both young and old of all classes. 
— We give below the full score of the first regular mntch 
of the season, played at Riverton, N. J , April 3d, between 
the Athletic and Iliverton nines. The score is rendered in 
full in order to show the form of the new score of a match 
for IS?. 1 ), the different columns giving time at the hat, runs, 
base hits, number put out, times assisted, and errors ac- 
credited to encli individual player: — 
ATHLETIC. 
11. II. V. A. E. 
2 8 2 8 0 
0 2 0 
TOO 
.( n i 
2 1 J 
4 
5 0 
1 0 
2 0 
Ilarrop, 1. f 5 
Herbert," 8. e. . . .5 
RIVERTON. 
n. n. p. 
Moore, 2d b 
McCloskey, c.. 
, Moyer, 3d h 
8 iSouthworth, c. f 
0 Bell, 1st b 
O.ITIers, r. f 
1 iKuight, p 
2 14 
0 1 
o y 
5 2 
1 1 
1 2 
2 2 
0 2 
1 0 
0 0 
2 2 
Force, 8,8 
McRrldc, p, 
Anson, 1st b. . . 
Clapp, c 
Solion, 3d b . 
Richmond, 2d b 
Hull, 1. f 
ItOCiip. c. f . . . 
“Blown," r. f. . 
TolJ d* 19 11 18 27 10 »|| Totals 40 5 10 27 14 It 
Alhlc , lic 2 2 I 1 1 0 0 1 3—11 
lllver Ion 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 0-5 
Huns earned— Athletic, 4. First ba-e on errors— Athletic, 6; Itlverton, 
, ,, 0 e nr-Mooro uud llell, 1, Umpire, Mr. Wm. Wurnock, of the 
Athletics, Time of guine, lb. 30m. 
Dn April 3d the Philadelphia club played a nine of 
Gloucester city with the appended result: — 
Philadelphia 1 4 0 0 3 0 2 3 8-18 
Gloucester Oily 009*30120-9 
Umpire- Dr. Young. 
rhe St. Louis club have arranged the following games: 
May 1st and 4th, with Red Stockings in St. Louis; Mav 6th 
and 8th, with Chicago in St. Louis; May lltli and 13th 
with Western in Iveokuk; May 10t.li and 22d, with Chicago 
in Chicago; and May 2.5th aud 27th, with Westerns of 
Keokuk in Si. Louis. 
—The Mutuals and Atlanlics are practising hand ball at 
McQunde’s ball c utrt in New York until the Union Ground 
is fit to play upon. 
—The Centennials played their opening game last Wed- 
nesday at Gloucester, scoring 21 to 3 in four innings. 
—The Athletics, on Thursday nnd Friday last, defeated 
strong picked nines, the score being 25 to 0,'eacli occasion, 
button was unable to play on account of a lame arm and 
Richmond played faultlessly at third, both days, Fisfer 
taking second, and Hall putting iu an appearance at left 
field. In the game on Thursday last, Borden, an extremely 
swift pitcher, gave the professionals plenty of practice. 
, -™ c Louis Rcds defeated the Allantics of St. Louis 
last Monday by 24 to 7. This speaks well for the “Red 
box boys. 
—The new rule in relation to pitching prohibits the high 
underhand throwing of last season, as it says that “The 
ball must be delivered to the bat with the arm swinging 
nearly perpendicular at the side of the body, and the hand 
swinging forward shall not be raised above the liip.” 
«. ~ Mr - Chadwick has in press a new work entitled the 
li/mJJall Umpires Guide,'' containing complete instruc- 
tions for Umpires in both amateur and professional games 
It will be out iu the latter part of April. 
—Mr. John MncNamce, an American sculptor residing 
at , Florence has just finished a model, the subject being 
Base Ball. ’ It represents the nude body of a youth, full 
of action, with hands extended aud eyes upraised, as 
though about to “capture a fly." When the statue is 
finished it will be forwarded to this city for exhibition ut 
the Centennial. 
P^°P? se d to have a meeting of college graduates 
at Philadelphia during the centennial, a scheme not only 
feasible, but very desirable. Representatives from nearly 
a dozen colleges have already met and taken measures for 
Uie formation of a Centennial Alumni Association. The 
* ale Record says that “a circular has been drawn up which 
will be sent to all colleges soliciting their co-operati»n 
We believe that this will include not only the American 
institutions, but England and Germany will also be aii- 
pealed to. 1 
—Daniel O'Leary, of Chicago, and John De Witt, of 
r U V J , n «,V. rs ' V a . ,e m ? lched '° walk !l hundred mile race 
for $1,000 at the American Institute Building, on Saturday 
the 10th inst O’Leary allows De Witt ten miles in the hun- 
dred. It will be remembered that O’Leary’s firstnpncar- 
ance in this cny as a pedestrian was at the Hippodrome, 
20th ull., when he distanced Nelson Reed in a twenty-five 
mile contest for $1,000. J 
—The Amateur Championship medals offered by the 
New Jersey Athletic Association will be contested for on 
the 4th of July. The events include a hundred-yard run 
and a one-mile walk. The club games will take place at 
Ridgewood, May 31. 
Messrs. Rudolphe and Daly entered the lists, nnd the 
Frenchman found it a comparatively easy task to defeat 
his American adversary, Daly evidently not been in playing 
trim. On Saturday night the play was very interesting, 
the games proving to he a surprise to the spectators, inas- 
much ns the defeated players on both gumes started off 
with winning leads, Daly leading Ubassv in the first games 
by a large score nnd Cyrille Dion, Vignaux. But both 
Ubnssy and Vignaux won after up hill work, some very 
brilliant play being shown by both. On Monday Gamier 
and Joe Dion played together, the Frenchman defeating 
the Canadian, and Ubassy, who had won two games, added 
a third victory by defeating Rudolphe. 
SUMMARY. 
First game— Ubassy vs. Vignaux, 300 to 280; winner's 
average, 7, 13, 41; best runs, Vignaux 65, Ubassy 52. 
Secoud game — C. Dion vs. Joe Dion, 300 to 154; winner’s 
average, 16, 12, 18; best runs, J. Dion 103, C. Dion 69. 
Third game — Gamier vs. Daly, 300 to 150; winner’s 
average, 15, 0; best runs, Gamier 62, Daly 40. 
Fourth game— Rudolphe vs. J. Dion, 300 to 238; win- 
ner’s average, 7, 27, 39; best runs, Rudolphe 46, J. Dion, 
37. 
Fifth game— Ubassy vs. Daly, 300 to 273; winner's 
average, 8, 14, 17; best runs, Ubassy 52, Daly 38. 
Sixth game— Vignaux ns. C. Dion, 300 to 183; winner’s 
average, 9, 1, 11; best runs, Vignaux 64, Dion 48. 
Seventh game — Gamier vs. J. Dion, 300 to 225; winner’s 
average, 9, 21, 31; be9t runs. Gamier 53, Dion 81. 
Eighth game— Ubassy ps. Rudolphe, 300 to 287; winner’s 
average, 9. 1, 11; best runs, Ubassy 111, Rudolphe 45. 
The full score to April 6th stood as follows:— 
Players. Games Played. Games Won. Games Lost. 
£ ba -\»y 3 3 0 
£“ rn| er 2 2 o 
v U-imux 2 l l 
C. Dion 3 j o 
The table played on is of oiled walnut and elegantly 
carved. It is from the well knowu factory of H. W. 
Collender. 
Tins Amateuk Performance.— W e trust that the com- 
mittee of the National Rifle Association and Amateur Rifle 
Club, in making due acknowledgement to Mr. J. II Bird 
and the ladies and gentlemen who assisted iu the excellent 
representation of Othello at the Academy on Saturday 
evening, will also consider the services of Prof. Eberhardt, 
of the Grand Conservatory of Music, who at his own ex- 
pense organized an efficient orchestra and gave his own 
services as conductor. 
, A ,, ex Samuells, the enterprising proprietor of the Bil- 
liard House, Ilrooklyu— the fashionable saloon of the city 
—has afforded the citizens of the City of Churches an od- 
pm t unity of seeing the champion experts of the country— 
they are seven," as Wordsworth says — in a series of reg- 
ular contests for prizes of the value of $1 500 This 
°“ Thursday , April lst - and il wil1 continue 
until the 14th More suitable arrangements for the con- 
venience of the players and spectators could not have been 
mude than those completed for this tourney, every seat in 
the large assembly room where the gumes are played com- 
manding a full view of the table, while the hall is fully 
vent dated, » desideratum not usually arrived at, at these 
TS.lWr^v?' 118 Scrics of contests began ou 
Ihur.sday with Messrs. VigUuux and Ubassy. as the first 
competitors, and to the surprise of the champion’s friends 
the veterau bore off the honors. The next game intro- 
duced the brothers Dion as contestants, and in this en- 
counter Cynllo got the better of Joseph. On Friday night 
Testino tiie Validity of the Game Laws.— Ira Hntlie- 
wny, a restaurant keeper in Pittsburg, Peun., was arrested 
at the instance of the Sportsmeu’s Club of Pennsylvania, 
for serving his customers with trout in violation of the 
game laws of Pennsylvania, which prohibit any one having 
them in his possession before April 1 and after August 15. 
Hatheway put in a defense that the trout were caught in 
Canada The case is now on before the courts, and we 
await the result with interest. 
—The R. I. State Association for the Protection of Game 
and Fish held their first annual meeting at Providence, 
April 2d, and elected the following officers for the ensuing 
year: - President, Rev. F. M. Hemperly; first Vice-Presi- 
dent, Dr. P. S. Redfield; second Vice-President, Aaron 
Peirce; third Vice-President, Captain Edward Hammond; 
fourth Vice-President, S. S. Foss; fifth Vice-President, 
Dr. P. E. Day; Secretary. W. B. Grover; Treasurer, 
Clms F. Pope; Advocate, Hon. E. C. Clarke. Managing 
Board— H. T. Root, Newton Dexter, B. C. Allen, A. AT 
Saunders, M. D., G. W. Burlingame, Fred Drouu, J. H. 
Barden, W. E. Taber, W. P. Morton. There was a large 
attendance, and much interest in the objects of the Society 
is being awakened throughout, the State. 
—John Kidd, of Rock Springs, Sweetwater county, 
Wyoming Territory, writes to say that trout are very 
plenty in most parts of that territory. “I have seen 
places,” ho says, “where one man could not bait fast 
enough for another man that held the rod. They will bite 
at anything in the shape of meat, but grasshoppers con- 
stitute their favorite diet." The stories he tells of game 
are equally excitiDg. What an elysium for a market 
hunter ! 

—The West Medford (Mass.) Shooting Club was per- 
manently organized on the 26th instant. Its avowed pur- 
pose was pronounced to be “to assist in the execution of 
protective game laws and to promote judicious legislation." 
I he following were chosen officers:— President, Dr. C. E 
Sanborn; Vice-President, C. M. Barrett; Secretary, Wm' 
o. Sargent; Treasurer, J. E. Ober 
One of our correspondents has a nephew who goes 
to school in Dansville, N. Y., and the boy, like bis uncle 
has a taste for natural history. “That’s all right.” Well’ 
® n ® , day the u “ c .} e “kod the youngster to translate the 
Mords tetrao umbcUns , the Latin synonym for ruffed grouse 
and the youngster a*ed his teacher, the instructor in 
aoguages. -That’s all right.” And the instructor told him 
tha the words, translated into English, meant “big um- 
brella, which was all wrong. The several facts embraced 
in the foregoing were communicated to us by the bov’s 
unde, who seems to think the teacher deficient in capacity 
to teach the dead languages. v y 
— Clan;s are now found in considerable quanties on the 
having heen r hr° f ?? D f Fran . cis S,° Ba >'- Some small ones 
having been brought, from the East among oysters imported 
for panting, they are increasing as prolificallv as they do 
noidi'/riv f ,Ve W ? ers 0f ll !° At,antic . the conditions being 
peculiarly favora ble as to tlieir growiug an d propagating. 
Trout Culture. -T o persons nbout to commence the business of 
T T? l ,0 ° k "" ‘ Tro “t Culture" wil ZtoZ 
father of the hn l rac,| C“ in description. ami etunnailng from the 
benefit L “ 8ucb llln >" <** be found of most 
experience M be * ng ,he mn,t of lon * experiment, ana practical 
